Chemistry 9 Vitamins

FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMIN
VITAMIN A
A nutrient that the body needs in small amounts to
function and stay healthy. Vitamin A helps in
vision, bone growth, reproduction, growth of
epithelium (cells that line the internal and external
surfaces of the body), and fighting infections. It is
fat-soluble (can dissolve in fats and oils). Vitamin A
is found in liver, egg yolks, and whole milk dairy
products from animals and in fish oils. It can also
be made in the body from a substance found in
some fruits and vegetables, such as cantaloupes,
carrots, spinach, and sweet potatoes. Vitamin A is
being studied in the prevention and treatment of
some types of cancer. Also called retinol.
RETINOL
DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS
Night Blindness; Dry, Scaly
Skin; Bacterial Infection
EFFECTS WHEN IN EXCESS

Acute Encephalopathy,
Irritability, Pain in the Joints,
Weight Loss, Liver Enlargement
FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMIN
VITAMIN D
A nutrient that the body needs in
small amounts to function and stay
healthy. Vitamin D helps the body
use calcium and phosphorus to
make strong bones and teeth. It is
fat-soluble (can dissolve in fats and
oils) and is found in fatty fish, egg
yolks, and dairy products. Skin
exposed to sunshine can also make
vitamin D.
CALCIFEROL
DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS
Rickets; Bone Decalcification
EFFECTS WHEN IN EXCESS

Hypervitaminosis D; Muscle
Weakness; Anorexia; Kidney
Damage
FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMIN
VITAMIN E
Vitamin E is a nutrient that's important to vision,
reproduction, and the health of your blood, brain
and skin. Vitamin E also has antioxidant
properties. Antioxidants are substances that
might protect your cells against the effects of
free radicals — molecules produced when your
body breaks down food or is exposed to tobacco
smoke and radiation. Free radicals might play a
role in heart disease, cancer and other diseases.
If you take vitamin E for its antioxidant
properties, keep in mind that the supplement
might not offer the same benefits as naturally
occurring antioxidants in food.
TOCOPHEROL
DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS
Hemolysis of Red Blood Cells;
Sterility
FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMIN
VITAMIN K
Vitamin K is a family of structurally
similar, fat-soluble vitamers found
in foods and marketed as dietary
supplements. The human body
requires vitamin K for post-
synthesis modification of certain
proteins that are required for blood
coagulation or for controlling
binding of calcium in bones and
other tissues.
PHYLLOQUINONE
DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS
Bruising; Longer Clotting Time

WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMIN
VITAMIN B1
Vitamin K is a family of structurally
similar, fat-soluble vitamers found
in foods and marketed as dietary
supplements. The human body
requires vitamin K for post-
synthesis modification of certain
proteins that are required for blood
coagulation or for controlling
binding of calcium in bones and
other tissues.
THIAMINE
DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS
Beriberi; Encephalopathy: Heart
Failure; Muscle Paralysis
VITAMIN B2
Vitamin B2, or riboflavin, is
naturally present in foods, added to
foods, and available as a
supplement. Bacteria in the gut can
produce small amounts of riboflavin,
but not enough to meet dietary
needs. Riboflavin is a key
component of coenzymes involved
with the growth of cells, energy
production, and the breakdown of
fats, steroids, and medications.
RIBOFLAVIN
DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS
Dermatitis; Glossitis (Tongue
Inflammation); Cataract;
Epithelial Lesions
VITAMIN B6
A nutrient in the vitamin B complex
that the body needs in small
amounts to function and stay
healthy. Vitamin B6 helps keep
nerves and skin healthy, fight
infections, keep blood sugar levels
normal, produce red blood cells, and
some enzymes work properly. Also
called pyridoxine
PYRIDOXINE
DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS
Dermatitis; Fatigue; Anemia;
Irritability; Convulsions in
Infants
VITAMIN B12
A nutrient in the vitamin B complex
that the body needs in small
amounts to function and stay
healthy. Vitamin B12 helps make red
blood cells, DNA, RNA, energy, and
tissues, and keeps nerve cells
healthy. It is found in liver, meat,
eggs, poultry, shellfish, milk, and
milk products.
CYANOCOBALAMIN
DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS
Pernicious Anemia; Malformed
Red Blood Cells; Neurological
Disorders
VITAMIN C
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a nutrient your
body needs to form blood vessels, cartilage,
muscle and collagen in bones. Vitamin C is
also vital to your body's healing process.
Vitamin C is an antioxidant that
helps protect your cells against the
effects of free radicals — molecules
produced when your body breaks
down food or is exposed to tobacco
smoke and radiation from the sun,
X-rays or other sources.
ASCORBIC ACID
DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS
Scurvy (Bleeding Gums, Slow-
Healing Wounds, Muscle Pains,
Anemia)

Chemistry 9 Vitamins

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Chemistry 9 Vitamins

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FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMIN

EFFECTS WHEN IN EXCESS

EFFECTS WHEN IN EXCESS

Bruising; Longer Clotting Time

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