Prelims Summary
Prelims Summary
Prelims Summary
Purposive Communication
Purposive Communication
The sender has the absolute knowledge about his/her message therefore 7. Communication is irreversible.
the role of the receiver is just to interpret, infer, or guess the meaning of You are free to talk about anything under the sun. But once you utter
things appealing to his sense of hearing. something, the things you have said remains as it is susceptible to
different interpretations or meanings.
5. Communication is symbolic.
- Symbols, signs, or marks like letters, words, sentences, graphs, pictures 11. Communication is ethical.
and other concrete objects represent or stand for ideas that you intend Any communication event is expected to apply rules, moral values, and
to convey verbally. beliefs agreed upon by societal members. Guided by these standards
determined by the cultural group you belong to, your communication
For non-verbal communication, you resort to bodily actions (gestures, eye becomes ethical, good or desirable.
movements, posture, facial expressions) voice quality, space and time
elements to stand for the ideas you want to express.
Purposive Communication
12. Communication is influenced by media and technology This verbal or spoken language becomes a written language once you
You are in the era of knowledge explosion or modern technology. This put on paper or any surface the marks or prints symbolizing or
period is characterized by an instant global exchange of knowledge, representing the ideas you intend to convey or have spoken to others.
services and technology.
Verbal symbols
- use with great deal of caution refer to the use of speaker language (Antonio, et.al., p. 30).
Using modern electronic communication devices, an exchange of ideas
occurs just in seconds or minutes regardless of the distance between or Non-verbal Language
among the participants. norms for non-verbal communication vary from country to country and
also among cultures within a particular country.
With the speedy turn out of varied modern media and devices of Some nonverbal communication behaviors appear to be somewhat
communication like the e-mail, cellphone, web cam, internet and other innate because they are universally recognized.
computer-run gadgets, you now find interaction with anyone in any corner
of the world easily and quickly. Two such universal signals are the “eyebrow flash” of recognition when
we see someone we know and the open hand and the palm up gesture
that signals a person would like something or needs help (Martin &
Flow of Communication Nakayama, 2010).
Downward • Eyebrow flash
- An example of downward communication is a board of directors • Open hand/palm up
instructing management to take a specific action. • Smile
- higher level to lower one
Smiling is also a universal nonverbal behavior, but the triggers that lead
Upward a person to smile vary from culture to culture. The expansion of media,
- process of info from lower to higher level particularly from the United States and other Western countries around
- we can get feedback the world, is leading to more nonverbal similarities among cultures, but
- managers get feedback from employers the biggest cultural differences in nonverbal communication occur
= collating feedback = survey within the categories of eye contact, touch, and personal space (Pease
& Pease, 2004). Nonverbal communication like other forms of
communication is influenced by context and varies among individuals
Lateral within a particular cultural group as well.
- Involves the flow of messages between individuals and groups on the
same level of an organization.
- also called horizontal communication. Nonverbal Language Symbols:
- occurs formally The idea you want to convey through this non-verbal communication are
- student to student = efficient symbolized or represented, not by words, but by the following Non-
verbal language symbols:
Grapevine 1. Body Movements
- an informal channel of business communication.
Big and small movements of your body like gestures, facial expressions,
- stretch in all direction of authority levels
posture and eye behavior express meanings.
- learn by informally = rumors
• Gestures
Communication Cues: Verbal and Non-verbal Language • Facial expressions
• Posture
Verbal Language • Eye behavior
Verbal language consists of symbols like letters, words, and other marks
that you need to subject to language or grammar rules for a coherent or Kinesics
organized means of understanding or expressing ideas. - derived from the Greek term
- kinesis, meaning “motion” which refers to the study of body
movements.
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Purposive Communication
Purposive Communication
• Dressing styles
• Body types ▪ Arabs on the other hand, maintain direct eye contact with those they
• Body appearance etc. interact with for prolonged periods.
Purposive Communication
Purposive Communication
Keep your shirt on When traveling abroad, it's easy not to think twice about behaving just
as you would at home. However, not all our gestures and customs are
"Keep your shirt on!" may be a frequently heard idiom in the U.S. But if acceptable abroad: some are considered offensive and will not only out
you're traveling in South Korea, it's a smart piece of advice for men. Yes, you as a tourist, but could even get you in a bit of trouble.
even at the beach.
In order to avoid possible problems, here are some ways on how to be
(Terms) culturally aware:
• Fart 1. Engage with other’s cultures by aksing questions.
fart means speed in Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish 2. Be Open! Don’t get into the habit of thinking your way is the only way
of doing something.
speed bump = fartbump, fartshump, and farthinder.
3. Think about what you can learn from them no matter how unusual it
is.
• Gift
In German – it means poison 4. Invite someone to share his/her culture with you.
Purposive Communication
Sensitivity to culture is a set of skills that allows you to understand and • Recognize differences.
learn about people whose cultural background is not the same as yours.
For example; in many cultures, it is customary to call people by their last Be mindful of the differences between yourself and those from other
names, especially when they are older than you. cultures.
Cultural sensitivity is an attitude and way of behaving in which you are • Recognize differences within the group.
aware of and acknowledge cultural differences; it’s crucial for such global At the same time that you recognize differences between yourself and
goals as world peace and economic growth as well as for effective others, recognize that there are often enormous differences within any
interpersonal communication (Franklin & Mizell, 1995). given cultural group.
Without cultural sensitivity there can be no effective interpersonal • Recognize differences in meaning.
communication between people who are different in gender or race or
Be aware that words don’t always mean the same thing to members of
nationality or affectional orientation.
different cultures.
Sensitivity to Gender is being aware that there are differences between • Be rule conscious.
male and female, but those differences are not universal.
Think mindfully about the cultural rules and customs of others.
Aspects of Gender: Cultural Appreciation vs Cultural Appropriation
1. Assignment. This is the gender from birth, either being male or Culture is important in a society, without culture; there is no identity on
female, it is also the gender prescribed by the society. a particular area. It is the quality of a person or society that arises from
a concern for what is regarded as excellent in arets, letters, manners,
2. Role. This is the set of behaviours, mannerisms and other traits that scholarly pursuits, etc.
society use to express as part of the assigned gender. In Anthropology it is the sum total of ways of living built up by group of
human beings and transmitted from one generation to another. In
3. Identity. This is what we think the gender should be at any given time. today’s quickly changing times, many different cultures are being
brought into light, but in the wrong way.
4. Attribution. This is the gender assigned to people when we first We imitate the culture without properly knowing why certain place has
meet them and is based on a set of cues that differentiate from culture to that kind of practices among them. We are bound to use one’s culture in
culture. another way and purpose.
SEX vs Gender Appropriation is the action of taking something for one's own use,
Sex – biologically, genetically acquired according to phyiology typically without the owner's permission. = outright corrupting
reproduction
Gender – refers to economic, political, cultural attributes, sexuality Appreciation on the other hand is the recognition and enjoyment
of the good qualities of someone or something.
INCREASING CULTURAL SENSITIVITY
The two are strikingly different but can easily be confused as the same
• Prepare yourself. thing due to the fact that a lot of people don’t know when they are
Read about and listen carefully for culturally influenced behaviors. culturally appropriating.
• Recognize your fears. Cultural appreciation is when elements of a culture are used
while honoring the source they came from. It is important to note that
Recognize and face your own fears of acting inappropriately toward
appreciation involves respect and value.
members of different cultures.
Purposive Communication
HOW TO AVOID CULTURAL APPROPRIATION? “In today’s quickly changing times, many different cultures are being
brought into light, but in the wrong way. We imitate the culture without
When adopting from a foreign culture it is crucial to follow some basic properly knowing why certain place has that kind of practices among
steps that will help you avoid being accused of cultural appropriation and them.”
instead help create cultural awareness.
Purposive Communication
Body
Should contain paragraphs that provide support for your thesis.
Each paragraph should contain one idea.
•Topic sentences should support the thesis, and the final sentence of each
paragraph should lead into the next paragraph.
Conclusion
A restatement of what you said in your paper.
A comment which focuses your overall reaction.
A prediction of the effects of what you are reacting to.
•Note: Your conclusion should include no new information.
Purposive Communication
OTHER INFO: FROM DIFFERENT PPT Aristotle model of communication is the golden rule to excel in public
speaking, seminars, lectures where the sender makes his point clear by
Purposive Communication designing an impressive content, passing on the message to the second
is about writing, speaking and presenting to different audiences and for part and they simply respond accordingly. Here the sender is the active
various purposes member and the receiver is passive one.
COMMUNICATION
- Is a process of exchanging ideas between two or more persons.
Wendel Johnson Model of Communication
- The act or process of using words, sounds, signs, or behaviors to
express or exchange information or to express your ideas, thoughts, 1. Wendell Johnson Wendell Johnson (April 16, 1906- August 29, 1965)
feelings, etc., to someone else was an American psychologist, actor, author and a proponent of
general semantics (GS)
- A process by which information is exchanged between individuals
through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior . 2. Wendell Johnson proposed a model in 1951
• The model is simple which explains the complex process of
Communication is: communication
Purposive Communication
Non-verbal communication is a form of sharing insights and ideas 5.Body Adornment involves form of clothing, make up, jewelry and
,information, experiences etc. without the use of words. hairstyle
Most of the time verbal communication is supported by non-verbal Ex. An applicant who is dressed appropriately might likewise be hired than
communication to better portray the meanings a speaker would like to those who are not.
share.
4. Attractiveness can get positive response than those who are
Non- verbal Communication perceived not to be attractive. Physical attributes of a person may mean
Body Movements / Body Kinetics something to the people around her.
b. Illustrators
These are used to accent, emphasize or reinforce words.
Ex. Pointing fingers when giving direction
c. Regulators
These are signs showing control at the back and forth natures of
speaking and listening.
Ex head nods, hand gestures, shifts in posture during interaction
d. Display of feelings
A persons face or body movements may convey how intense his
emotions is.
Ex. Tight hug signify an intimate relationship
e. Adaptors
These are non- verbal ways used in adapting to the communication
situation.
Ex. A woman visited a friend’s house and when she was there, she
started picking up scattered things on the floor. She implied that her
friend could hardly clean her house.
Purposive Communication
Communication in its most basic sense is the cement that holds society (4) Communication Channel:
together. Without it, society will fall apart. = Maslog 1988
The person who is interested in communicating has to choose the
channel for sending the required information, ideas etc. This information
THE NATURE OF COMMUNICATION is transmitted to the receiver through certain channels which may be
either formal or informal.
Communication represents the important role inside personal existence,
family member’s existence, cultural existence, company existence and
(5) Receiver:
many others.
Receiver is the person who receives the message or for whom the
1. Communication is related to human activity: Communication
message is meant for. It is the receiver who tries to understand the
exchanges are actually directly linked with every single ball of human
message in the best possible manner in achieving the desired objectives.
being lifetime.
(6) Decoding:
2. Communication involves two or more parties: At least, two parties
are involved in virtually any communication exchange process. The person who receives the message or symbol from the
communicator tries to convert the same in such a way so that he may
extract its meaning to his complete understanding.
3.Communication could be one-way or maybe two-way
process: Communication might take the design involving two-way or
maybe one-way process. With two-way communication, the receiver (7) Feedback:
sends his feedback to the sender after receiving the message. Feedback is the process of ensuring that the receiver has received the
message and understood in the same sense as sender meant it.
4. Success of communication depends on a proper understanding of
the parties involved: Powerful communication comes about if your
receiver feels your concept you might say your sender posts the idea. If
the receiver doesn’t deliver his or her reaction to your sender, your
Communication Process
sender is not going to fully grasp your receiver’s view.
Purposive Communication