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For the qualitative study, we purposively selected six of these schools to reflect a range of settings
(urban and rural) and academic performance (the proportion of pupils achieving five or more passes at
the General Certificate of Secondary Education), and in March 2000 approached their head teachers for
consent to proceed. The head of one urban school with low academic performance declined to
participate; an alternative school with similar characteristics was substituted. We then sent a letter to all
parents of children in years 9–11 in the study schools informing them of our intention to carry out the
present study (without specifying whether their child would necessarily be involved), and providing
them with an opportunity to exclude their child if they wished. We then identified all current smokers
(comprising all regular or occasional smokers; Teenage smoking attitude, 1998) who reported that they
would like to stop smoking (answering yes to the question ‘‘Would you like to stop smoking?’’) and who
had not been excluded by their parents; grouped
https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1080/14622200600789817