Lectur 4

Waste Management Hierarchy

S O L I D W A S T E
LAND POLLUTION
- Destruction or a decline in quality of the
earth’s surface as a result of human actions

WASTE ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION STUDY

(WACS) SOLID WASTE CATEGORIES
OPEN DUMP
1. Recyclables
- Land disposal site at which solid wastes are
⠂ Paper
disposed of in a manner that does not
⠂ Plastics protect the environment
⠂ Glass - Susceptive to open burning, surface and
⠂ Metals groundwater contamination, detrimental to
2. Residuals the natural beauty of the land, deteriorating
soil quality and are exposed to scavengers
⠂ Residuals with potential for recycling
⠂ Residual for disposal
LANDFILL
3. Special Waste
- Sites designed to store garbage
⠂ Hazardous Waste
- Minimize the effects of the trash on human
⠂ Healthcare Waste from Hospitals
health and the environment
⠂ Bulky Waste

S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9003 (ECOLOGICAL SOLID

WASTE MANAGEMENT OF 2000)
- “An act of providing for an ecological Solid
Waste Management Program, creating the
● Minimize waste generation
necessary institutional mechanisms,
● Maximize the collection efficiency of waste declaring certain prohibited acts”
● Reduce the waste volume requiring disposal
and maximize the economic value of waste
● Develop and adopt environmentally sound
treatment and disposal methods
 ⠂ Site preparation, construction, expansion or
operation of waste management facilities
without an Environmental Compliance
Certificate required pursuant to Presidential
Decree No. 1586 and this Act and not
conforming with the land use plan of the LGU

⠂ The construction of any establishment

within 200 meters from open dumps or
controlled dumps or sanitary landfills

⠂ The construction or operation of landfills or

PROHIBITED ACTS any waste disposal facility on any aquifer,
groundwater reservoir or watershed area and
⠂ Littering, throwing, dumping of waste
or any portions thereof
matters in public places, such as roads,
sidewalks, canals, esteros or parks, and H A Z A R D O U S W A S T E
establishment or causing or permitting the
HAZARDOUS WASTE
same
- Substances that are without any safe
⠂ Undertaking activities or operating,
commercial, industrial, agricultural or
collecting or transporting equipment in
economic usage and are shipped,
violation of sanitation operation and other
transported or brought to the country of
requirements or permits set forth in or
origin for dumping and disposal into or in
established pursuant to this Act
transit through any part of the territory
⠂ The open burning of solid waste - Present unreasonable risk and/or injury to
health and safety and to the environment
⠂ Causing or permitting the collection of
non-segregated or unsorted waste CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS WASTE

⠂ Squatting in open dumps and landfills

⠂ Open dumping, burying of biodegradable or

nn-biodegradable materials in flood-prone
areas

⠂ Unauthorized removal of recyclable material

intended for collection by authorized persons

⠂ The mixing of source-separated recyclable

material with other solid waste in any
vehicle, box, container or receptacle used in
solid waste collection or disposal Listed Wastes:

⠂ Establishment or operation of open dumps 1. F-list: hazardous waste from non-specific

as enjoined in this Act or closure of said sources; spent solvents, 28 chemicals
dumps in violation of Sec. 37
2. K-list: hazardous waste from specific
⠂ The manufacture, distribution or use of sources and industrial processes which
non-environmentally acceptable packaging employ chemicals that result in the
(NEAP) materials generation of unstable waste; 100 types

⠂ Importation of consumer products packaged 3. U-list: discarded commercial chemicals,

in non-environmentally acceptable materials container and spill residues

⠂ Importation of toxic wastes misrepresented 4. P-list: any of the above that are categorized
as “recyclable” or “with recyclable content” as acutely hazardous

⠂ Transport and dumping in bulk of collected

domestic, industrial, commercial and
institutional wastes in areas other than
centers or facilities prescribed under this Act
H O W W I L L Y O U A D D R E S PROHIBITED ACTS
S T O X I C W A S T E ?
⠂ Knowingly use a chemical substance or
HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT mixture which is imported, manufactured,
⠂ Waste minimization processed or distributed in violation of this
⠂ Detoxification and neutralization of waste by Act or implementing rules and regulations or
treatments orders;
⠂ Destruction of combustible waste by ⠂ Failure or refusal to submit reports, notices,
incineration or others information of establishment
⠂ Solidification of sludge and ash where chemicals are manufactures,
⠂ Disposal of residues in landfills processed, stored otherwise held;
INCINERATION ⠂ Failure or refusal to comply with the
- Able to achieve 99.99% destruction and pre-manufacture and pre-importation
removal efficiency of hazardous components requirements; and
in wastes ⠂ Cause, aid or facilitate directly or indirectly,
- Primary products: Carbon dioxide, ash, and in the storage, importation, or bringing into
vapors Philippine territory, including its maritime
economic zones, even in transit, either by
- Types: Liquid injection system, rotary kilns means of land, air or sea transportation or
otherwise keeping in storage any amount of
SOLIDIFICATION OR STABILIZATION
hazardous and nuclear wastes in any part of
- Converts the wastes into an insoluble, hard the Philippines.
rock material

- Additive materials are used to reduce the

mobility of pollutants in the waste

- Residues that are left out are solidified to

reduce the leachability

LEACHATE

- Contaminated water
- Liquid that takes in substances from the
material through which it passes, often
making the liquid harmful or poisonous

DISPOSAL METHODS

⠂ Land disposal, underground disposal, and

deep-well injection
⠂ Based on the evaluation of economics and
pollution potential risks

REPUBLIC ACT 6969 - TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND

HAZARDOUS AND NUCLEAR WASTES CONTROL ACT
OF 1990

- “An act to control toxic substances and

hazardous and nuclear wastes, providing
penalties for violations, thereof, and for other
purposes”