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Science 8 Quarter 1 - Module 1
Science 8 Quarter 1 - Module 1
Quarter 1 – Module 1
Learning Competency with Code: Investigate the relationship between the amount of force applied and the mass of the
object to the amount of change in the object’s motion. (Week 1 S8FE-Ia-15)
Unbalanced Forces
If you cut the string connected to the pen, the pen will fall. Or if you push the book on one side across the table,
the book will move but will not continue moving if you don’t continuously push it. The pen falls down because there is no
more force acting on it to counteract the pull of gravity. The book moves because of the push that you applied. In other
words, the forces acting on these objects are no longer balanced. If an object initially at rest is under an unbalanced
force, it moves in the direction of the unbalanced force. Due to the unbalanced force, the object changes its state of
motion hence we say that it accelerates.
Combining Forces
When we combine or add forces to determine the net or unbalanced force, we will limit our discussion to those
forces which act along the same line of action. The algebraic signs + and – are used to indicate the direction of forces.
Unlike signs are used for forces acting in opposite directions, like in the case of the book lying on the table. The force of
gravity (Fg) and normal force (Fn) are assigned opposite signs - Fn is given a positive (+) sign while Fg is given a
negative (-) sign. If both Fg and Fn are given a magnitude value of 3 units, then the net force along this line (vertical) will
be:
Fnet = Fn + Fg
= 3 units + (-3 units)
=0
If the sum of the forces equate to zero, they are considered balanced. If the algebraic sum is not equal to zero, the
forces are not balanced. The non-zero sum is the net or unbalanced force. This unbalanced or net force would cause a
change in a body’s state of motion.
Q2. Are there forces acting on the pen? If yes, draw the forces. You may use arrows to represent these forces.
3pts._____________________________________________________________________________
Situation 2
1. Place a book on top of a table as shown in figure.
Q4. Is the book at rest or in motion?1 pt._________________________________________
Q5. Are there forces acting on the book? If yes, draw the forces acting on the book. 3pts.
___________________________________________________________________________________.
2. Push the book in one direction and let another person push it in the opposite direction at the same time with the same
amount of push (force).
Q6. Did the book move? How will you make the book move?
3pts._____________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
.
Study the illustrations and answer the questions that follow. Use the formula from previous page to solve.
1. A boy and a girl are pulling a heavy crate at the same time with 10 units of force
each. What is the net force acting on the object?
__________________________________
Solution:
2. What if the boy and the girl pull the heavy crate at the same time in opposite directions
with 10 units and 5 units of force respectively, what will be the net force on the object?
Will the object move? To what direction will it move?
_____________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Solution:
3. Suppose another girl pulls the heavy crate in with 5 units of force in the same direction
as the girl, what will be the net force that will act on the object? Will the object move?
________________________________________________________________________
Solution:
References
Department of Education (2013). Science 8, Learner's Module First Edition. Vibal Publishing House, Inc.
Department of Education (2013). Science 8, Teacher's Guide. Vibal Publishing House, Inc.
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