Science 8 Quarter 1 - Module 1

SCIENCE 8
Quarter 1 – Module 1
Name of Learner: _____________________________________ Date: _________________________

Grade/Section:____ _____________ subject Teacher: Merry Jie S. Onyong
Learning Competency with Code: Investigate the relationship between the amount of force applied and the mass of the
object to the amount of change in the object’s motion. (Week 1 S8FE-Ia-15)
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

FORCES
Background Information for Learners

An object can be moved by pushing or pulling. This push and pull is referred to as force (F). Consider a ball on
top of a table as shown in Figure 1. If someone pushes the ball, it will move or roll across the surface of the table (Figure
1a). And when it is again pushed in the direction of its motion, it moves farther and even faster (Figure 1b). But when
you push it on the other side instead, opposite to the direction of its motion, the ball may slow down and eventually stop
(Figure 1c). Lastly, when you push it in a direction different from its original direction of motion, the ball also changes its
direction (Figure 1d). Force therefore can make objects move, move faster, stop, or change their direction of motion.
Figure 1. Effect of forces on an object
Balanced and Unbalanced Forces

To accurately describe the forces acting on an object, it is important for you to be familiar first with the following
terms: magnitude, direction, point of application, and line of action. Forces are described in terms of these properties.
Magnitude refers to the size or strength of the force. It is commonly expressed in Newton (N). Consider the diagram in
Figure 2 showing a force, represented by the arrow, acting on a ball. The direction of the arrow indicates the direction of
the force while the length of the arrow represents the relative magnitude of the force. If the force applied on the ball is
doubled, the length of the arrow is increased two times. The line of action is the straight line passing through the point of
application and is parallel to the direction of the force.
Figure 2. Force acting on a ball
Unbalanced Forces
If you cut the string connected to the pen, the pen will fall. Or if you push the book on one side across the table,
the book will move but will not continue moving if you don’t continuously push it. The pen falls down because there is no
more force acting on it to counteract the pull of gravity. The book moves because of the push that you applied. In other
words, the forces acting on these objects are no longer balanced. If an object initially at rest is under an unbalanced
force, it moves in the direction of the unbalanced force. Due to the unbalanced force, the object changes its state of
motion hence we say that it accelerates.
Combining Forces
When we combine or add forces to determine the net or unbalanced force, we will limit our discussion to those
forces which act along the same line of action. The algebraic signs + and – are used to indicate the direction of forces.
Unlike signs are used for forces acting in opposite directions, like in the case of the book lying on the table. The force of
gravity (Fg) and normal force (Fn) are assigned opposite signs - Fn is given a positive (+) sign while Fg is given a
negative (-) sign. If both Fg and Fn are given a magnitude value of 3 units, then the net force along this line (vertical) will
be:
Fnet = Fn + Fg
= 3 units + (-3 units)
=0
If the sum of the forces equate to zero, they are considered balanced. If the algebraic sum is not equal to zero, the
forces are not balanced. The non-zero sum is the net or unbalanced force. This unbalanced or net force would cause a
change in a body’s state of motion.
Activity 1. Forces on objects at rest

Score: ______
14
Materials: pen pair of scissors , string book
Procedure
Situation 1
1. Hang a pen by a piece of string as shown in figure.
Q1. Is the pen at rest or in motion?1 pt. _____________________________________________________
Q2. Are there forces acting on the pen? If yes, draw the forces. You may use arrows to represent these forces.
3pts._____________________________________________________________________________
2. Cut the string with a pair of scissors.

Q3. What happens to the pen? What could have caused the pen’s motion? 3pts.______________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
.
Situation 2
1. Place a book on top of a table as shown in figure.
Q4. Is the book at rest or in motion?1 pt._________________________________________
Q5. Are there forces acting on the book? If yes, draw the forces acting on the book. 3pts.
___________________________________________________________________________________.
2. Push the book in one direction and let another person push it in the opposite direction at the same time with the same
amount of push (force).
Q6. Did the book move? How will you make the book move?
3pts._____________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
.
Assessment Score: ______

15
Study the illustrations and answer the questions that follow. Use the formula from previous page to solve.
1. A boy and a girl are pulling a heavy crate at the same time with 10 units of force
each. What is the net force acting on the object?
__________________________________
Solution:
2. What if the boy and the girl pull the heavy crate at the same time in opposite directions
with 10 units and 5 units of force respectively, what will be the net force on the object?
Will the object move? To what direction will it move?
_____________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Solution:
3. Suppose another girl pulls the heavy crate in with 5 units of force in the same direction
as the girl, what will be the net force that will act on the object? Will the object move?
________________________________________________________________________
Solution:
Reflection: (What I have Learned)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Note: Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times.
References
Department of Education (2013). Science 8, Learner's Module First Edition. Vibal Publishing House, Inc.
Department of Education (2013). Science 8, Teacher's Guide. Vibal Publishing House, Inc.
Answer Key Gr8Q1 Module 1

Activity 1: Forces on objects at rest Assessment:
Situation 1: Hanging pen
Q1. The pen is at rest.
1. Fnet = 20 units
Q2. Yes. The forces acting on the pen are the force exerted by
the string on the pen and the force of gravity. 2. Fnet = 5 units. The object will
Q3. When we cut the string, the pen fell to the ground because move in the direction of the 10-
gravity pulled on it downward. unit force.
Situation 2: Book on a table 3. Fnet = 0. The object will not
Q4. The book is at rest. move.
Q5. Yes. The forces acting on the book are the force exerted by
the table on the book and the force of gravity.
Q6. No, the book stays at rest. The book can be moved by pushing
it on one side only.
Reflection
Answer may vary
Prepared by:
MERRY JIE S. ONYONG

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Science 8 Quarter 1 - Module 1

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SCIENCE 8

Name of Learner: _____________ Date: _

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Background Information for Learners

Figure 1. Effect of forces on an object

Balanced and Unbalanced Forces

Figure 2. Force acting on a ball

Activity 1. Forces on objects at rest

2. Cut the string with a pair of scissors.

Assessment Score: ______

Reflection: (What I have Learned)

Answer Key Gr8Q1 Module 1

Answer may vary

MERRY JIE S. ONYONG

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