Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Evidence and Trial Technique: Page 1 of 18
Evidence and Trial Technique: Page 1 of 18
II. MODULES
A. Consider the topic/subject outline provided under the Revised
Rules on Evidence (A.M. No. 19-08-15-SC)
B. Supplemented by the Supreme Court circulars, pertinent laws,
rules and jurisprudence
III. TIMELINE
A. From the first half of the semester cut-off, divide the remaining
topics for the rest of the semester.
Page 1 of 18
G. Prima Facie Evidence
H. Conclusive Evidence
I. Real/Object (Autoptic Proference) Evidence
J. Documentary Evidence
K. Testimonial Evidence
L. Hearsay Evidence
1. Distinguish Hearsay Evidence from Independent Relevant
Statement
2. In relation to Collateral Facts Rule/Doctrine (Air France v.
Carrascoso, G.R. No. L-21438, Sept. 28, 1966); Res Gestae
M. Expert Evidence
N. Distinguish Direct from Circumstantial Evidence
O. Distinguish Primary or Best from Secondary or Substitutionary
Evidence
P. Distinguish Positive from Negative Evidence
Q. Distinguish Cumulative from Corroborative Evidence
R. Distinguish Rebuttal from Sur-rebuttal Evidence
S. Distinguish Evidence from Proof
T. Distinguish Factum Probandum from Factum Probans
U. Distinguish Allegation, Argument, and from Evidence
V. Distinguish Admissibility from Credibility/Weight
W. Distinguish Inadmissible Evidence from Illegally Obtained
Evidence
X. Multiple Admissibility of Evidence
Y. Conditional Admissibility of Evidence
Z. Curative Admissibility of Evidence
AA. Constitutional Presumption of Innocence
BB. Presumptions
1. Disputable Presumption
2. Conclusive Presumption
CC. Weight and Sufficiency of Evidence
1. Distinguish Burden of Proof from Burden of Evidence
2. Substantial Evidence
3. Preponderance of Evidence
4. Equiponderance of Evidence
5. Clear and Convincing Evidence
6. Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
DD. Proffer of Evidence
EE. Evidence on Motion
Page 2 of 18
6. Depositions and Answers in Interrogatories
7. Mental Examination
Cases:
1. Republic v. Sandiganbayan - G.R. No. 90487 (21 Nov. 1991)
2. Dela Llana v. Biong - G.R. No. 182356 (04 Dec. 2013)
3. Prats v. Phoenix Insurance - 52 Phil. 807 (1929)
4. People v. Abalos - 30 SCRA 599 (1969)
5. Reyes v. Court of Appeals - 216 SCRA 25 (1992)
6. People v. Turco - 337 SCRA 714 (2000)
7. Tating v. Marcella - 519 SCRA 79 (2007)
8. Tan, Jr. v. Hosana - G.R. No. 190846 (03 Feb. 2016)
9. People v. Del Monte y Gapay - G.R. No. 179940 (23 April 2008)
Cases:
1. Kastigar v. U.S. - 406 441 (1972)
2. Galman v. Pamaran - 138 SCRA 294 (1985)
3. Tolentino v. Mendoza - A.C. No. 5151 (19 Oct. 2004)
4. People v. Samontañez - G.R. No. 134530 (04 Dec. 2000)
Cases:
1. Gaanan v. IAC - 145 SCRA 112 (1986)
2. Ramirez v. CA - 248 SCRA 590 (1995)
3. Mamba v. Garcia - 359 SCRA 426 (2001)
4. Ejercito v. Sandiganbayan - 509 SCRA 190 (2006)
Page 3 of 18
5. BSB Group Inc. v. Go - G.R. No. 168644 (16 Feb. 2010)
D. Other Matters
1. Competence and Credibility
Cases:
1. Serra v. Mumar - 668 SCRA 335 (2012)
2. People v. Sabadlab - 668 SCRA 237 (2012)
3. Bank of the Philippine Islands v. Reyes - 544 SCRA 206 (2008)
4. Bastian v. Court of Appeals - 552 SCRA 43 (2008)
5. People v. Camat - 667 SCRA 640 (2012)
6. People v. Mangundayao - 667 SCRA 310 (2012)
2. Multiple Admissibility
3. Conditional Admissibility
4. Curative Admissibility
5. Direct and Circumstantial Evidence
Cases:
1. People v. Matito - 423 SCRA 617 (2004)
2. People v. Lara - G.R. No. 199877 (13 Aug. 2013)
3. People v. Ochate - 385 SCRA 353 (2002)
Cases:
1. Spouses Latip v. Chua - G.R. No. 177809 (16 Oct. 2009)
2. Juan v. Juan - G.R. No. 221732 (23 Aug. 2017)
3. People v. Sevilleno y Villanueva - G.R. No. 129058 (29 March 1999)
4. Candelaria v. People - G.R. No. 209386 (08 Dec. 2014)
5. Habagat Grill v. DMC-Urban Property - G.R. No. 155110 (31 March 2005)
6. People v. Tundag - G.R. Nos. 135695-96 (12 Oct.
2000)
7. People v. Rullepa - 398 SCRA 567 (2003)
8. Pigao v. Rabanillo - 488 SCRA 546 (2006)
9. State Prosecutors v. Muro - 236 SCRA 505 (1994)
10. Manufacturers Hanover Trust v. Guerrero - 397 SCRA 709 (2003)
11. Vda. De Catalan v. Catalan-Lee - 665 SCRA 487 (2012)
12. Republic v. Sandiganbayan - G.R. No. 152375 (18 Dec. 2011)
Page 4 of 18
13. Landbank of the Phils. v. Banal - 434 SCRA 543 (2004)
14. BPI Family Savings Bank v. CTA - 330 SCRA 507 (2000)
15. SJS v. Atienza - 545 SCRA 92 (2008)
16. Latip v. Chua - 604 SCRA 163 (2009)
C. Judicial Admissions
Rule 129, Sec. 4; Rule 10, Sec. 8; Rule 9, Sec. 1; Rule 26, Secs. 1
to 4; Rule 118, Sec. 2; Civil Code, Articles 12 and 2035; Family
Code, Articles 48 & 60
Cases:
1. Herrera-Felix v. CA - 436 SCRA 87 (2004)
2. Heirs of Clemeña v. Heirs of Bien - 501 SCRA 405 (2006)
3. Tan v. Rodil - 511 SCRA 162 (2006)
4. Phil. Charter Insurance v. Central Colleges - 666 SCRA 540 (2012)
5. Cuenco v. Talisay Tourist Sports Complex - 569 SCRA 616 (2009)
6. Alfelor v. Halasan - 486 SCRA 451 (2006)
7. Atillo III v. CA - 266 SCRA 596 (1997)
8. Constantino v. Heirs of Constantino Jr. - G.R. No. 181508 (02 Oct. 2013)
X. Rules ad Admissibility
A. Real/Object and Demonstrative Evidence
Rule 130, Secs. 1 & 2; Rule 135, Sec. 2; Rule 28
Cases:
1. People v. Bardaje - 99 SCRA 388 (1980)
2. Bank of the Philippine Islands v. Reyes - 544 SCRA 206 (2008)
3. People v. Larrañaga - 463 SCRA 652 (2005)
4. Beltran v. Samson - 53 Phil. 570 (1929)
5. People v. Olvis - G.R. No. 71092 (30 Sept. 1987)
6. Dela Cruz v. People - G.R. No. 200748 (23 July 2014)
7. Sison v. People - 250 SCRA 58 (1995)
8. People v. Rullepa - 398 SCRA 567 (2003)
9. People v. Yatar - 428 SCRA 505 (2004)
10. Malilin v. People - 553 SCRA 619 (2008)
11. People v. Wagas - G.R. No. 157943 (04 Sept. 2013)
B. Documentary Evidence
Case:
1. Yap v. Inopiquez Jr. - 403 SCRA 141 (2003)
Page 5 of 18
12. Lee v. People - 440 SCRA 662 (2004)
13. Lorenzana v. Lelina - G.R. No. 187850 (17 Aug. 2016)
14. Consolidated Bank v. Del Monte - 465 SCRA 117 (2005)
15. Republic v. Marcos-Manotoc - G.R. No. 171701 (08 Feb. 2012)
16. Arceo v. People - 496 SCRA 204 (2006)
17. Magdayao v. People - 436 SCRA 677 (2004)
18. Heirs of Dela Cruz v. CA - 298 SCRA 172 (1998)
19. People v. Cayabyab - G.R. No. 167147 (03 Aug. 2005)
Cases:
1. Patula v. People - G.R. No. 164457 (11 April 2012)
2. Republic v. Sps. Gimenez - G.R. No. 174673 (11 Jan. 2016)
3. Iwasawa v. Gangan - G.R. No. 204169 (11 Sept. 2013)
4. Heirs of Ochoa v. G & S Transport Corp. - G.R. 170071, 170125 (16 July
2012)
Page 6 of 18
3. Pacific Asia Overseas v. NLRC - 161 SCRA 122 (1988)
e. Electronic Evidence
Cases:
1. Aznar v. Citibank - 519 SCRA 287 (2007)
Page 7 of 18
2. Vidallon-Magtolis v. Salud - 69 SCRA 439 (2005)
3. Bartolome v. Maranan - A.M. No. P-11-2979 (18 Nov. 2014)
4. MCC Industrial Sales v. Ssangyon - G.R. No. 170633 (17 Oct. 2007)
5. Torres v. PAGCOR - G.R. No. 193531 (06 Dec. 2011)
6. NAPOCOR v. Codilla Jr. - G.R. No. 170491 (03 April 2007)
7. Maliksi v. COMELEC - 693 SCRA 214 (2013)
C. Testimonial Evidence
Credibility of Witness
Cases:
1. People v. Domingcil - 419 SCRA 291 (2004)
2. People v. Alcantara - 427 SCRA 673 (2004)
3. People v. Teehankee Jr. - 249 SCRA 54 (1995)
4. People v. Baconguis - 417 SCRA 66 (2003)
5. People v. Nunez - G.R. No. 209342 (04 Oct. 2017)
Page 8 of 18
10. Sunga-Chan v. Chua - 363 SCRA 249 (2001)
11. Sanson v. CA - G.R. No. 127745 (22 April 2003)
D. Privileged Communications
Also cf. Rule 3, Sec. 3 of the Rules on Electronic Evidence
f. Parental & Filial Privilege (Rule 130, Sec. 25; Art. 215, Civil
Code)
Cases:
1. People v. Invencion - 398 SCRA 592 (2003)
2. Lee v. CA - G.R. No. 177861 (13 July 2010)
h. Informer’s Privilege
Case:
Page 9 of 18
1. McCray v. Illinois - 386 U.S. 300 (1967)
i. Trade Secrets
Case:
1. Air Philippines Corp. v. Pennswell - G.R. No. 172835 (13 Dec. 2007)
m. Conciliation Proceedings
Case:
1. Pentagon Steel Corp. v. CA - G.R. No. 174141 (26 Jan. 2009)
Cases:
1. Keller & Co. Ltd., v. COB Group Mktg. - 141 SCRA 86 (1986)
2. People v. Paragsa - 84 SCRA 105 (1978)
3. People v. Alegre - 94 SCRA 109 (1979)
4. People v. Licayan y Sucano - G.R. No. 144422 (28 Feb. 2002)
5. Phil. Trust Co. v. Antigua Botica Ramirez - 56 Phil. 562 (1932)
6. Estrada v. Desierto - G.R. Nos. 146710-15 (03April
2001)
7. Rufina Patis Factory v. Alusitain - 434 SCRA 491 (2004)
8. Estate of Yujuico v. Republic - 537 SCRA 513 (2007)
9. Republic v. Kenrick Dev’t Corp. - 498 SCRA 220
10. Lazaro v. Agustin - 618 SCRA 298 (2010)
D. Compromise (Rule 130, Sec. 27; see also Rule 116, Sec. 1(f); Rule
118, Secs. 1 and 2; RA 8424, Sec. 204; PD 1508, Secs. 2, 4, 6 and
10)
Civil
Cases:
Page 10 of 18
1. Varadero v. Insular Lumber - 46 Phil. 176 (1924)
2. Smith Bell and Co. (Phils.) Inc. v. CA - G.R. No. 56294 (20 May 1991)
3. Tan v. Rodil - 511 SCRA 162 (2006)
4. Phil. Airlines Inc. v. PAL Employees Savings & Loan Association Inc.
- G.R. No. 201073 (10 Feb.
2016)
Criminal
Cases:
1. People v. Maqui - 27 Phil. 97 (1914)
2. People v. Godoy - 250 SCRA 676 (1995)
3. People v. De Guzman - 265 SCRA 228 (1996)
4. People v. Erguiza - G.R. No. 171348 (26 Nov. 2008)
5. People v. Yparraguirre - 268 SCRA 35 (1997)
6. San Miguel Corp. v. Kalalo - G.R. No. 185522 (13 June 2012)
7. People v. Lambid - 412 SCRA 417 (2003)
Page 11 of 18
G. Confessions
1. Art. III, Secs. 12 and 17, 1987 Constitution; Rule 130, Sec. 33;
Rule 133, Sec. 3
Cases:
1. People v. Compil - 244 SCRA 135 (1995)
2. People v. Wong Chuen Ming - 256 SCRA 182 (1996)
3. People v. Alegre - 94 SCRA 109 (1979)
4. People v. Maqueda - 242 SCRA 565 (1995)
5. People v. Molas - 218 SCRA 473 (1993)
6. People v. Satorre - G.R. No. 133858 (12 Aug. 2003)
7. People v. Bascugin y Agquiz - G.R. No. 184704 (30 June 2009)
8. Yapyuco v. Sandiganbayan - 674 SCRA 420 (2012)
Page 12 of 18
B. Exceptions:
Page 13 of 18
2. Jose Jr. v. Michaelmar Phils. Inc. - G.R. No. 169606 (27 Nov. 2009)
3. Land Bank of the Phils. v. Monet’s Export - G.R. No. 184971 (19 April 2010)
4. Security Bank & Trust Co. v. Gan - G.R. No. 150464 (27 June 2006)
XIV. Opinion Rule (Rule 130, Secs. 48 to 50; see also Rule 132, Sec.
22; Rule on DNA Evidence)
Cases:
1. Marcos v. Heirs of Dr. Andres Navarro Jr. - G.R. No. 198240 (03 July 2018)
2. Tabao v. People - G.R. No. 187246 (20 July 2011)
3. Ilao-Quianay, et al. v. Mapile - G.R. No. 154087 (25 Oct. 2005)
4. People v. Adoviso - 309 SCRA 1 (1999)
5. United States v. Ridling - 350 F. Supp. 90 (E.D., Mich., 1972)
6. Brunker v. Cummins - 133 Ind. 443, 32 N.E. 732 (1892)
7. Een v. Consolidated Freightways - 120 F. Supp. 289 (1954)
8. People v. Duranan - 349 SCRA 180 (2001)
9. Dela Llana v. Biong - G.R. No. 182356 (04 Dec. 2013)
10. Hernandez v. San Juan-Santos - G.R. Nos. 166470 & 169217 (07 Aug.
2009)
11. Sps. Lim, et al. v. Chuatoco, et al. - G.R. No. 161861 (11 March 2005)
12. Herrera v. Alba - G.R. No. 148220 (15 June 2005)
13. People v. Umanito - G.R. No. 172607 (26 Oct. 2007)
14. People v. Umanito - G.R. No. 172607 (16 April 2009)
Page 14 of 18
15. Estate of Rogelio G. Ong v. Diaz - G.R. No. 171713 (17 Dec. 2007)
Cases:
1. Bautista v. Sarmiento - 138 SCRA 587 (1985)
2. People v. Kinok, et al. - G.R. No. 104629 (13 Nov. 2001)
3. Asian Construction v. Tulabut - 457 SCRA 317 (2005)
4. Republic v. Maria Lourdes P.A. Sereno - G.R. No. 237428 (11 May 2018)
Equipoise Doctrine
Cases:
1. Marubeni v. Lirag - 362 SCRA 620 (2001)
2. Malana v. People - 549 SCRA 451 (2008)
2. Criminal Cases:
1. People v. Pajonado - 31 SCRA 812 (1970)
2. People v. Verzola - 80 SCRA 600 (1977)
3. People v. Macalaba - 395 SCRA 461 (2003)
4. People v. Florendo - 413 SCRA 132 (2003)
a. Conclusive
Case:
1. Datalift Movers v. Belgravia Realty – G.R. No. 144268 (30 Aug. 2006)
b. Disputable
Cases:
1. People v. Padiernos - 69 SCRA 484 (1976)
2. People v. Magbanua - 428 SCRA 617 (2004)
3. Mabunga v. People - 429 SCRA 518 (2004)
4. People v. Urzais y Lanurias - G.R. No. 207662 (13 April 2016)
5. Ong v. Sandiganbayan - 470 SCRA 7 (2005)
6. Pilipinas Bank v. Glee Chemical - 490 SCRA 663 (2006)
7. Surtida v. Rural Bank of Malinao - 511 SCRA 507 (2006)
8. Concepcion v. CA - G.R. No. 123450 (31 Aug. 2005)
9. PNB v. Spouses Reblando - G.R. No. 194014 (12 Sept. 2012)
10. Barcelon Roxas Securities v. CIR - G.R. No. 157064 (07 Aug.
2006)
Page 15 of 18
A. Examination of Witnesses (Rule 132, Secs. 1 and 2; Rule on the
Conduct of Pre-Trial (A.M. No. 03-1-09-SC); Judicial Affidavit Rule;
Rule on Examination of a Child Witness; Rules on Electronic
Evidence; Rule 10)
Cases:
1. People v. Estenzo - 72 SCRA 428 (1976)
2. People v. Go - 394 SCRA 428 (2002)
3. People v. Bisda - 406 SCRA 454 (2003)
4. People v. Servano - G.R. Nos. 143002-03 (17 July
2003)
5. Santamaria v. Cleary - G.R. Nos. 197122 & 197161
(15 June 2016)
1. Rights of a Witness (Rule 132, Sec. 3; R.A. No. 1379, Sec. 8; P.D.
No. 749; Witness Protection, Security and Benefit Act [R.A. No.
6981])
Cases:
1. Galman v. Pamaran - 138 SCRA 294 (1985)
2. Herrera v. Alba - 460 SCRA 197 (2005)
3. Rosete v. Lim - 490 SCRA 125 (2006)
4. Lee v. CA - G.R. No. 177861 (13 July 2010)
Cases:
1. Dela Paz v. IAC - 154 SCRA 65 (1987)
2. Fulgado v. CA - 182 SCRA 81 (1990)
3. People v. Ortillas y Gamlanga - G.R. No. 137666 (20 May 2004)
4. People v. Rivera - G.R. No. 139180 (31 July 2001)
5. People v. Estibal y Calungsag - G.R. No. 208749 (26 Nov. 2014)
6. Zaldivar v. People - G.R. No. 197056 (Res.)
(02 March 2016)
7. Dulla v. CA - G.R. No. 123164 (18 Feb. 2000)
Cases:
2. Asian Terminals, Inc. v. Philam Insurance Co., Inc., - G.R. No. 181163 (24
Jul. 2013)
3. Llemos v. Llemos - G.R. No. 150162 (26 Jan. 2007)
Page 16 of 18
4. Heirs of Ochoa v. G & S Transport Corp. – G.R. No. 170071 (16 Jul 2012)
5. Otero v. Tan - G.R. No. 200134 (15 Aug. 2012)
6. St. Peter Memorial Park, Inc. v. Cleofas - G.R. No. L-47385 (30 Jul. 1979)
7. Dela Rama v. Papa -G.R. No. 142309 (30 Jan. 2009)
8. Domingo v. Domingo - G.R. No. 150897 (11 Apr. 2005)
9. Wa-acon v. People - G.R. No. 164575 (06 Dec. 2006)
10. Siguan v. Lim - G.R. No. 134685 (19 Nov.
1999)
11. Kummer v. People - G.R. No. 174461 (11 Sept. 2013)
12. Iwasawa v. Gangan - G.R. No. 204169 (11 Sept. 2013)
13. Dela Rama v. People - G.R. No. 142309 (30 Jan. 2009)
14. Dycoco v. Orina - G.R. No. 184843 (30 Jul. 2010)
15. Republic v. Marcos-Manotoc - G.R. No. 171701 (08 Feb. 2012)
16. Calimag v. Heirs of Macapaz - G.R. No. 191936 (01 Jun. 2016)
17. Philippine Trust Co. v. CA - G.R. No. 150318 (22 Nov. 2010)
18. Republic v. Medida - G.R. No. 195097 (13 Aug. 2012)
19. Republic v. De Tuansan - G.R. No. 171136 (23 Oct. 2013)
20. Yuchengco v. Sandiganbayan - G.R. No. 149802 (20 Jan. 2006)
21. Kho v. Republic - G.R. No. 171136 (23 Oct. 2013)
22. Sevilla v. Cardenas - G.R. No. 167684 (31 Jul. 2006)
23. Abbas v. Abbas - G.R. No. 183896 (30 Jan. 2013)
24. Gochan v. Mancao - G.R. No. 182314 (13 Nov. 2013)
25. Vda de Bonifacio v. B.L.T. Bus Co.., Inc. – G.R. No. L-26810 (31 Aug.
1970)
26. Cirelos v. Hernandez - G.R. No. 146523 (15 Jun. 2006)
Cases:
1. People v. Libnao - G.R. No. 136860 (20 Jan. 2003)
2. Tabuena v. CA - G.R. No. L-85423 (06 May 1991)
3. Aludos v. Suerte - G.R. No. 165285 (18 Jun. 2012)
4. Republic v. Gimenez - G.R. No. 174673 (11 Jan. 2016)
5. Heirs of Cruz-Zamora v. Multiwood Int’l, Inc. – G.R. No. 146428 (19 Jan.
2009)
6. Ramos v. Dizon - G.R. No. 137247 (07 Aug. 2006)
7. Barut v. People - G.R. No. 167454 (24 Sept. 2014)
8. People v. Enriquez - G.R. No. 214503 (22 Jun. 2016)
9. People v. Siccuan - G.R. No. 113790 (11 Apr. 1997)
10. Cabugao v. People - G.R. No. 158033 (30 Jul. 2004)
11. Bayani v. People - G.R. No. 155619 (14 Aug. 2007)
12. People v. Godoy - G.R. No. L-115908 (06 Dec. 1995)
13. Cruz-Arevalo v. Querubin-Layosa - A.M. No. RTJ-06-2005 (14 Jul.
2006)
14. People v. Yatco - G.R. No. L-9181 (28Nov. 1955)
15. Gatdula v. People - G.R. No. 140688 (26 Jan. 2001)
16. Yu v. CA - G.R. No. 154115 (29 Nov. 2005)
17. People v. Teehankee, Jr. - G.R. Nos. 111206-08 (06 Oct.
1995)
Cases:
1. Ungsod v. People - 478 SCRA 282 (2005)
2. Marturillas v. People - 487 SCRA 273 (2006)
3. People v. Padua - 516 SCRA 590 (2007)
4. Espineli v. People - G.R. No. 179535 (09 June 2014)
Page 17 of 18
Extrajudicial Confessions (Sec. 5)
Case:
1. People v. Licayan y. Sucano - G.R. No. 144422 (28 Feb. 2002)
2. Yapyuco v. Sandiganbayan - 674 SCRA 420 (2012)
Other Matters
Cases:
1. People v. Villanueva - 506 SCRA 280 (2006)
2. People v. Del Mundo - 510 SCRA 554 (2006)
Administrative Cases (Rule 133, Sec. 5; also see Rule on Writ of Amparo,
Sec. 17)
Cases:
1. Visitacion v. Magno Libre - 450 SCRA 27 (2005)
2. Ramos Vda. De Brigino v. Ramos - 481 SCRA 546 (2006)
3. Nacu v. Civil Service Commission - G.R. No. 187752 (23 Nov. 2010)
4. Reyes v. Judge Marvin Mangino - AM No. MTJ-05-1575
(31 Jan. 2005)
5. Duduaco v. Laquindanum - 466 SCRA 428 (2005)
6. Gutierrez v. Belen - 555 SCRA 424 (2008)
Page 18 of 18