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Essentials ICSE Geography Class 6 PDF
Essentials ICSE Geography Class 6 PDF
B. Explain in brief.
1. How are maps more useful than globe? Is there any disadvantage in using maps?
Maps are more useful than the globe because details of the country cannot be shown on
the globe, larger globe can have some more details, but it is difficult to handle them
whereas maps have more information and are easier to handle than globes.
There is one disadvantage in using map that is, on maps the curved surface of the earth
is represented on a flat surface so when we try to show parts of the world on a flat
surface the shapes of the continents and oceans get distorted.
2. What is the map’s scale? A map’s scale is given thus: 1 cm to 200 km. How far apart
will two places be on the map, if the ground distance between them is 1200 km?
Scale shows the relation between the distance on the map and the corresponding
distance on the ground.
If the ground distance between two places is 1200 km and a map scale is 1 cm equals to
200 km then the two places will be at the distance of 6 cm from each other on the map.
3. What are conventional symbols? Why are they needed?
Conventional symbols are the symbols generally used to represent various features on
the maps.
These symbols not only make it easier to draw the maps, but also to read them.
4. Using the table given below, show the differences between maps, plans and sketches.
Map Plan Sketch
Area Large area is covered. Very small area is Very small or quite a large
covered Covered. area is covered.
Scale Small-scale. Very large scale. Not drawn to a scale.
Details Can't show all the Details of small area are Only necessary details are
shown details. shown. shown.
C. Fill in the blanks.
1) poles
2) scale
3) upper
4) east
5) plan
C. Explain in brief.
1. How are Fold Mountains formed?
Fold Mountains are formed when a part of the earth surface is pushed up to form
wrinkles called folds.
The parts of the wrinkles that are upward in the Fold Mountains are called anticlines.
These form peaks. The part that is curved downwards in the Fold Mountains is called
sync lines. These form valleys.
2. Why are Plateaus important to us?
Plateaus have more or less level land at the top, parts of which can be cultivated.
Plateaus are rich in useful minerals.
The rivers flowing down the slopes of Plateaus provide water and hydroelectricity.
3. How are alluvial plains formed?
Rivers wash away material from mountains and plateaus down which the flow. When
the rivers reach gentle slopes, they slowdown and start depositing the material. The
deposited material, comprising sand, silt and clay, is called alluvium. Thus the plains
formed by rivers are called alluvial plains.
4. Why do most people live in plains?
On plains, life is easier because it is not usually as cold as in the mountains.
Alluvial plains are generally very fertile, and many crops are grown on them.
Many animals, like cattle, sheep, and goats are also reared there.
Roads and railways can be built easily on level land.
Rivers usually flow gently in the plains and boats can ply on them.
There are many factories, offices and shops, so people can find a variety of jobs.
C. Explain in brief.
1. Why is the Caspian Sea considered to be the largest lake in the world?
Seas that are completely enclosed by land form very large lakes and Caspian Sea is also
surrounded by land completely therefore it is a lake.
2. Why do the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans remain frozen for many months of the year?
The Arctic Ocean is near the North Pole, much of it remains covered with ice
throughout the year.
The Antarctic Ocean located at the South Pole remains frozen throughout the year due
to extremely low temperatures there.
3. Why are seasonal rivers so called?
Some rivers are fed only by rain, they have large volume of water during rainy season
but during summer season they turn out to be a narrow channel or may go dry.
Such Rivers do not have water all the year round therefore they are called seasonal
4. Why is water so important for us?
Water is essential for life.
We use water for drinking, washing, running machines, watering crops and so on.
Water bodies that are navigable help in transportation and trade.
Moving water in forms such as fast flowing rivers and sea waves is used to generate
power.
Most water bodies support marine organisms that are useful to us.
Water bodies also support water sports such as swimming, diving, sailing, surfing,
rafting and roving.
5. Why is water pollution harmful?
Pollution makes water unfit for our use.
It also harms the plant and animals living in the water.
Drinking such water and eating fish or other creatures from polluted water bodies can
make us sick, even kill us.
C. Explain in brief.
1. Why is rice grown on soils that hold water?
Rice grows well in a hot and rainy climate.
Soil is that hold water is good for rice crop, as the young plants need standing water to
grow, therefore, soils that hold water are preferred.
2. Why does wheat grow well in north-western India?
Wheat cultivation needs a cool climate and moderate rain during winter season. The
north-western part of the country, with a relatively long winters, and light rainfall
during winter, has ideal condition for growing wheat.
3. Why is sloping land good for growing sugar cane, tea and coffee?
Fertile, well-drained soils are good for sugar cane, tea and coffee cultivation. Water
logging is harmful.
Gently sloping land is preferred, so that the water may drain down the slope.
4. Why is shifting farming so-called?
Shifting cultivation is called so because in shifting cultivation, a plot of land is cleared
and cultivated for a few seasons. When the plot becomes infertile, the farmer leaves it
and moves on to a new plot.
5. Modern farming has some advantages over traditional farming but it has some
disadvantages too.
In modern methods of farming the plants are grown from high yielding varieties of
seeds which yield more food but their food value is less than those crops grown by
traditional methods.
Also the chemicals used in modern farming enter our body when we eat the crops.
These chemicals are harmful for us and can make us sick.
C. Explain in brief.
1. What are the characteristics of metals?
Metals are hard substances that let the heat and electricity pass through.
They have a typical lustre or shine.
They can be beaten into various shapes and drawn into wires.
2. Petroleum and natural gas have many uses.
Petroleum and natural gas have following uses.
They are used to generate power and to make many useful substances such as
fertilisers.
Petroleum is used to make other fuels such as petrol, diesel and kerosene.
Petrol and diesel are used to run vehicles.
Petrol also gives asphalt, a sticky black substance used for road surfacing and water
proofing.
Natural gas is used as fuel in homes and factories.
3. What is conservation? Why do we need to conserve minerals?
Conserve means to protect from destruction (of our minerals).
Minerals are non-renewable resources and as we are digging out more and more
minerals for our use, our stock of mineral is steadily becoming smaller.
If we are not careful, our minerals might soon be completely finished. To prevent this,
we must conserve minerals.
4. How can we conserve scares minerals?