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KC2451
AESCHYLUS
PROMETHEUS BOUND
Io, ARGUS, AND HERMES.
(From a wall painting of Herculaneum.)
The scene represented is that described by Ovid (Metamorphoses I.
668-719). Hermes, who may be recognized by his winged sandals and
wand, partly hidden under his chlamys, is approaching Argus, who is
represented as a herdsman sitting on a rock and keeping watch over Io.
The maiden retains herhumanshape, her tran rmation being in
only by horns on her forehead. Hermes has been playing on the pan
pipe in order to lull the senses of Argus, and is handing the newly
invented instrument to him while he narrates its history. By these
devices he gets Argus into his power, and then slays him.
Talia dicturus vidit Cyllenius omnes
Succubuisse oculos adopertaque lumina somno.
Supprimit extemplo vocem firmatque soporem
Languida permulcens medicata lumina virga;
Nec mora, falcato nutantem vulnerat ense,
Qua collo est confine caput, saxoque cruentum
Deicit et maculat praeruptam sanguine cautem. "
ÖVID, Met. I. 713-719.
[Frontispiece.
ง
AESCHYLUS :
PROMETHEUS BOUND
Io.
(From a gem by Dioscourides. )
LONDON
SWAN SONNENSCHEIN & CO., LTD.
1896
KC2451
PAGE
INTRODUCTION, vii
TEXT, · 1
NOTES, 55
APPENDIX A, 147
APPENDIX B, 152
GREEK INDEX , 161
ENGLISH INDEX, 172
༣༩
1
INTRODUCTION.
I. AN ESTIMATE OF AESCHYLUS.
By an old Grammarian of Alexandria (translated from the
Medicean Scholia).
AESCHYLUS, the tragic poet, was by birth an Athenian
of the deme Eleusis,¹ the son of Euphorion, the brother
of Cynegeirus, and descended from noble parents. He
began writing tragedies early in life, ² and made a great
advance upon his predecessors in respect both of his
poetry and stage arrangements, and in the magnificence
of the choral equipment, the dress of the actors, and
1 Also affirmed by the Arundel marble. Cf. Arist. Ran. 885,
where Aeschylus says, " O Demeter, that didst nourish my mind,
grant that I may be worthy of thy mysteries."
2 Pausan. I. 21, 2 : "Aeschylus tells us that when he was quite
a youth he fell asleep as he was watching the grapes in a field,
and that Dionysus appearing to him bade him write tragedy, and
that when it was day, he found it quite easy to write it at the
first attempt." As a striking parallel to this compare the story
of our own first poet Caedmon, as given in Green's History ofthe
English People, pp. 26, 27.
vii
viii ΠΡΟΜΗΘΕΥΣ ΔΕΣΜΩΤΗΣ .
1 Cimon VIII.
2 For Sicilian ( Doric) words, see notes on 53, 61, 269, 615.
3 The impiety with which Aeschylus was charged seems to
have been that he divulged the Eleusinian mysteries. Aristotle
tells us (Ethics III. i.) that Aeschylus defended himself with the
plea that he did it unwittingly. Clemens Alexandrinus (Stromata
II. 461) says he obtained his acquittal before the Areopagus by
showing that he was not initiated. Aelian (1.1.) asserts that the
Athenians were ready to stone Aeschylus, when Ameinias,
showing his mutilated arm, procured his brother's acquittal,
while Eustratius on Aristotle (1.1. ) quotes Heraclides Ponticus for
xvi ΠΡΟΜΗΘΕΥΣ ΔΕΣΜΩΤΗΣ .
1 In the Prometheus Bound, 11. 734 , 790 , the Sea of Azov is spoken
of as the boundary of Europe and Asia. The Phasis , therefore ,
must have been conceived by the poet as flowing into the Sea of
Azov from the North. These two fragments are from Arrian's
Periplus. See Ap. A.
PROMETHEUS BOUND.
[face p. xxv.
INTRODUCTION. XXV
who had (933 and 1043 ff. ) braved all the wrath of Zeus
and boasted of his immortality, now complains that
the hope of death is denied him. His own prediction
(512), that only through ten thousand tortures would
the gate of escape be opened to him, is now fulfilled :
Titanum suboles, socia nostri sanguinis,
Generata Caelo, adspicite religatum asperis
Vinctumque saxis, navem ut horrisono freto
Noctem paventes timidi adnectunt navitae.
Saturnius me sic infixit Iuppiter, 5
Iovisque numen Mulciberi adscivit manus.
Hos ille cuneos fabrica crudeli inserens
Perrupit artus : qua miser sollertia
Transverberatus castrum hoc Furiarum incolo.
Iam tertio me quoque funesto die 10
Tristi advolatu aduncis lacerans unguibus
Iovis satelles pastu dilaniat fero ;
Tum iecore opimo farta et satiata affatim
Clangorem fundit vastum, et sublime avolans
Pinnata cauda nostrum adulat sanguinem ; 15
Quum vero adesum inflatu renovatum est iecur,
Tum rursum taetros avida se ad pastus refert.
Sic hanc custodem maesti cruciatus alo,
Quae me perenni vivum foedat miseria ;
Namque, ut videtis, vinclis constrictus Iovis 20
Arcere nequeo diram volucrem a pectore.
Sic me ipse viduus pestes accipio anxias,
Amore mortis terminum anquirens mali ;
Sed longe a leto numine aspellor Iovis,
Atque haec vetusta saeclis glomerata horridi 25
xxvi ΠΡΟΜΗΘΕΥΣ ΔΕΣΜΩΤΗΣ.
1 Some have thought that this passage should follow 791 of the
Prometheus Bound .
2 On which occasion Heracles for a time supported the heaven
in the place of Atlas, as shown in the Olympian sculptures.
INTRODUCTION. xxix
1 Wecklein.
2 Soph . O. C. 55, ὁ πυρφόρος θεὸς Τιτὰν Προμηθεύς.
P
P
MPA
THE RECONCILIATION.
This painting on a drinking vessel found at Vulci represents the
reconciliation between Prometheus and the Olympian deities, symbolized
by the offer of a cup of nectar from Hera to Prometheus in token that he
is again to take his place at the banquets of the gods.
[face p. xxx.
INTRODUCTION. xxxi
VII.
xl
ΤΑ ΤΟΥ ΔΡΑΜΑΤΟΣ ΠΡΟΣΩΠΑ.
ΧΟΡΟΣ ΩΚΕΑΝΙΔΩΝ .
D xli
"Prometheus stands eminent and alone ; one of the
most original and grand and attaching characters ever
conceived by the mind of man. That conception sank
deep into the soul of Milton, and, as has been observed,
rose thence in the likeness of his Satan, but the Satan
of Milton and the Prometheus of Aeschylus stand upon
ground as unequal as do the sublime of sin and the sublime
of virtue. Satan suffered from his ambition , Prometheus
from his humanity ; Satan for himself, Prometheus for
mankind ; Satan dared peril which he had not weighed,
Prometheus devoted himself to sorrows which he had fore
known. " Better to rule in Hell, " said Satan ; " better
to serve this rock, " said Prometheus. But in his Hell
Satan yearned to associate man, while Prometheus pre
ferred a solitary agony, nay, even permitted his zeal and
tenderness for the peace of others to abstract him from
that agony's intenseness. "
MRS. BROWNING.
xlii
ΑΙΣΧΥΛΟΥ ΠΡΟΜΗΘΕΥΣ ΔΕΣΜΩΤΗΣ
ΠΡΟΛΟΓΟΣ .
AWINGED CAR.
[face p. 7.
ΠΡΟΜΗΘΕΥΣ ΔΕΣΜΩΤΗΣ . 7
ΠΑΡΟΔΟΣ.
ΧΟΡΟΣ , ΠΡΟΜΗΘΕΥΣ .
στροφὴ α '.
ΧΟ. μηδὲν φοβηθῇς· φιλία γὰρ ἅδε τάξις
πτερύγων θοαῖς ἁμίλλαις
προσέβα τόνδε πάγον πατρῴᾶς 130
μόγις παρειποῦσα φρένας .
κραιπνοφόροι δέ μ ' ἔπεμψαν αὖραι ·
κτύπου γὰρ ἀχὼ χάλυβος διῇξεν ἄντρων
μυχόν, ἐκ δ᾽ ἔπληξέ μου τὰν
θεμερῶπιν αἰδῶ .
σύθην δ᾽ ἀπέδιλος ὄχῳ πτερωτῷ . 135
ΠΡ. αἰαῖ, αἰαῖ,
τῆς πολυτέκνου Τηθύος ἔκγονα ,
τοῦ περὶ πᾶσάν θ ' εἱλισσομένου
χθόν᾽ ἀκοιμήτῳ ῥεύματι παῖδες
πατρὸς Ὠκεανοῦ, 140
δέρχθητ᾽, ἐσίδεσθ ', οἵῳ δεσμῷ
προσπορπᾶτὸς τῆσδε φάραγγος
σκοπέλοις ἐν ἄκροις
φρουρὰν ἄζηλον ὀχήσω.
142. προσπορπατός correction by a second hand for
πρὸς πατρός Μ.
8 ΑΙΣΧΥΛΟΥ
ἀντιστροφὴ α'.
ΧΟ. λεύσσω , Προμηθεῖ , φοβερὰ δ᾽ ἐμοῖσιν ὄσσοις
ὁμίχλα προσῇξε πλήρης 145
δακρύων σὸν δέμας εἰσιδοῦσαν
πέτραις προσαυαινόμενον
ταῖσδ᾽ ἀδαμαντοδέτοισι λύμαις .
νέοι γὰρ οἰᾶκονόμοι κρατοῦσ᾽ Ὀλύμπου "
νεοχμοῖς δὲ δὴ νόμοις Ζεὺς
ἀθέτως κρατύνει , 150
τὰ πρὶν δὲ πελώρια νῦν ἀιστοῦ .
στροφὴ βʹ.
ΧΟ . τίς ὧδε τλησικάρδιος
θεῶν, ὅτῳ τάδ' ἐπιχαρῆ ; 160
τίς οὐ συνασχαλᾷ κακοῖς
τεοῖσι, δίχα γε Διός ; ὁ δ᾽ ἐπικότως ἀεὶ
θέμενος ἄγναμπτον νόον
δάμναται Οὐρανίαν
γένναν · οὐδὲ λήξει, πρὶν ἂν ἢ κορέσῃ κέαρ, 165
ἢ παλάμᾳ τινὶ τὰν δυσάλωτον ἕλῃ τις ἀρχάν,
ἀντιστροφὴ β '.
ΧΟ. σὺ μὲν θρασύς τε καὶ πικραῖς
δύαισιν οὐδὲν ἐπιχαλᾷς,
ἄγᾶν δ᾽ ἐλευθεροστομεῖς . 180
ἐμὰς δὲ φρένας ἐρέθισε διάτορος φόβος·
δέδια γὰρ ἀμφὶ σαῖς τύχαις,
πᾷ ποτε τῶνδε πόνων
χρή σε τέρμα κέλσαντ᾽ ἐσιδεῖν · ἀκίχητα γὰρ
ἤθεα καὶ κέαρ ἀπαράμυθον ἔχει Κρόνου παῖς .
ΠΡΩΤΟΝ ΕΠΕΙΣΟΔΙΟΝ .
ΠΡΩΤΟΝ ΣΤΑΣΙΜΟΝ .
στροφὴ α .
ΧΟ. στένω σε τᾶς οὐλομένας τύχας, Προμηθεῦ ,
δακρυσίστακτα δ' ἀπ᾽ ὄσσων ῥαδινῶν λει
βομένα ῥέος παρειὰν 400
νοτίοις ἔτεγξα παγαῖς .
ἀμέγαρτα γὰρ τάδε Ζεὺς
ἰδίοις νόμοις κρατύνων
ὑπερήφανον θεοῖς τοῖς
πάρος ἐνδείκνυσιν αἰχμάν . 405
ἀντιστροφὴ α'.
πρόπᾶσα δ' ἤδη στονόεν λέλακε χώρα
μεγαλοσχήμονά τ ' ἀρχαιοπρεπῆ [ θ' ἑσ
στροφὴ β '.
Κολχίδος τε γᾶς ἔνοικοι 415
παρθένοι , μάχᾶς ἄτρεστοι,
καὶ Σκύθης ὅμιλος , οἳ γᾶς
ἔσχατον τόπον ἀμφὶΜαι
ῶτιν ἔχουσι λίμνᾶν ,
ἀντιστροφὴ β'.
᾿Αρίᾶς τ' ἄρειον ἄνθος 420
ὑψίκρημνον οἳ πόλισμα
Καυκάσου πέλας νέμουσιν ,
δάϊος στρατός , ὀξυπρῴ
ροισι βρέμων ἐν αἰχμαῖς .
ἐπῳδός.
μόνον δὴ πρόσθεν ἄλλον ἐν πόνοις 425
δαμέντ ' [ ἀκαμαντοδέτοις ]
Τιτᾶνα [ λύμαις ] ἐσιδόμᾶν θεῶν
῎Ατλανθ', ὃς αἰὲν ὑπέροχον σθένος
κραταιὸν οὐράνιόν τε πόλον
νώτοις ὑποστενάζει . 430
βοᾷ δὲ πόντιος κλύδων
συμπίτνων, στένει βυθός,
κελαινὸς δ᾽ ῎Αϊδος ὑποβρέμει μυχὸς γᾶς,
πᾶγαί θ' ἁγνορύτων ποταμῶν
στένουσιν ἄλγος οἰκτρόν . 435
427. θεόν Μ.
428. ὑπείροχον M. Perhaps ὑπανέχων ; see note.
1
HERACLES AND ATLAS.
Heracles is supporting the heaven, and Atlas has just returned
with the golden apples. One of the Hesperids naively uses her left
hand to assist Heracles in upholding his burden. This is a metope
from the east side of the temple of Zeus at Olympia.
[face p. 22.
!
ΠΡΟΜΗΘΕΥΣ ΔΕΣΜΩΤΗΣ. 23
ΔΕΥΤΕΡΟΝ ΕΠΕΙΣΟΔΙΟΝ.
ΠΡΟΜΗΘΕΥΣ , ΧΟΡΟΣ.
ΔΕΥΤΕΡΟΝ ΣΤΑΣΙΜΟΝ,
στροφὴ αʹ.
ΧΟ . μηδάμ᾽ ὁ πάντα νέμων
θεῖτ᾽ ἐμᾷ γνώμᾷ κράτος ἀντίπαλον Ζεύς,
μηδ ' ἐλίνύσαιμι θεοὺς ὁσίαις θοίναιςποτινισσ
ομένα 530
βουφόνοις , παρ' Ὠκεανοῦ πατρὸς ἄσβεστον
πόρον,
μηδ' ἀλίτοιμι λόγοις ·
ἀλλά μοι τόδ᾽ ἐμμένοι καὶ μήποτ᾽ ἐκτακείη · 535
ἀντιστροφὴ αʹ.
ἀδύ τι θαρσαλέαις
τὸν μακρὸν τείνειν βίον ἐλπίσι, φᾶναῖς
θυμὸν ἀλδαίνουσαν ἐν εὐφροσύναις . φρίσσω
δέ σε δερκομένα 540
μυρίοις μόχθοις διακναιόμενον
στροφὴ βʹ.
φέρ ' ὅπως ἄχαρις χάρις , ὦ φίλος , εἰπὲ ποῦ τίς
ἀλκά ; 545
τίς ἐφαμερίων ἄρηξις ; οὐδ᾽ ἐδέρχθης
ὀλιγοδρανίαν ἄκῖκυν
ἰσόνειρον , ᾷ τὸ φωτῶν
ἀλαὸν [δέδεται] γένος ἐμπεποδισμένον ; οὔπως
τὰν Διὸς ἁρμονίᾶν θνατῶν παρεξίασι βουλαί.
ἀντιστροφὴ βʹ.
ἔμαθον τάδε σὰς προσιδοῦσ᾽ ὀλοὰς τύχας,
Προμηθεῦ.
τὸ διαμφίδιον δέ μοι μέλος προσέπτα 555
τόδ' ἐκεῖνό θ ', ὅτ᾽ ἀμφὶ λουτρὰ
καὶ λέχος σὸν ὑμεναίουν
ἰότᾶτι γάμων, ὅτε τὰν ὁμοπάτριον ἕδνοις
ἄγαγες Ἡσιόνᾶν πείθων δάμαρτα κοινόλεκτρον .
ΤΡΙΤΟΝ ΕΠΕΙΣΟΔΙΟΝ .
μονῳδία προῳδική.
ΙΩ . τίς γῆ ; τί γένος ; τίνα φῶ λεύσσειν 561
τόνδε χαλινοῖς ἐν πετρίνοισιν
χειμαζόμενον ;
τίνος ἀμπλακίας ποινᾶς ὀλέκει ;
σήμηνον ὅποι
γῆς ἡ μογερὰ πεπλάνημαι. 565
â, â,
χρίει τις αὖ με τὰν τάλαιναν οἶστρος ,
εἴδωλον ῎Αργου γηγενοῦς , ἄλευε Δᾶ,
τὸν μυριωπὸν εἰσορῶσα βούτᾶν .
ὁ δὲ πορεύεται δόλιον ὄμμ᾽ ἔχων, 570
ὃν οὐδὲ κατθανόντα γαῖα κεύθει ·
ἀλλά με τὰν τάλαιναν
ἐξ ἐνέρων περῶν κυνᾶγεῖ πλανᾷ
τε νῆστιν ἀνὰ τὰν παραλίαν ψάμμᾶν.
στροφή .
ὑπὸ δὲ κηρόπλαστος ὀτοβεῖ δόναξ
ἀχέτᾶς ὑπνοδότᾶν νόμον . 575
ἰὼ ἰὼ πόποι, ποῖ μ ' ἄγουσιν, [πόποι ],
τηλέπλανοι πλάναι ;
τί ποτέ μ᾽, ὦ Κρόνιε παῖ , τί ποτε
ταῖσδ᾽ ἐνέζευξας εὑρὼν ἁμαρτοῦσαν ἐν
πημοσύναις , ἐή .
οἰστρηλάτῳ δὲ δείματι δειλαίαν 580
παράκοπον ὧδε τείρεις ;
πυρί με φλέξον ἢ χθονὶ κάλυψον ἢ ποντίοις
δάκεσι δὸς βοράν ,
μηδέ μοι φθονήσης
εὐγμάτων , ἄναξ .
ἄδην με πολύπλανοι πλάναι 585
γεγυμνάκασιν , οὐδ' ἔχω μαθεῖν ὅπᾳ
πημονὰςἀλύξω .
κλύεις φθέγμα τᾶς βούκερω παρθένου ;
575. κηρόπακτος Meineke .
576. ποῖ ποῖ πόποι πόποι Μ. , emended by Seidler.
After ἄγουσιν Wecklein has πλάναι. I have ventured
to transfer one πόποι of the M.
577. τηλέπλαγκτοι Μ. , emended by Seidler . Perhaps
πολύπλανοι to suit the antistrophe.
579. πημοναῖσιν Μ. , emended by Hermann for metrical
reasons .
ΠΡΟΜΗΘΕΥΣ ΔΕΣΜΩΤΗΣ . 31
ἀντιστροφή.
ΙΩ. πόθεν ἐμοῦ σὺ πατρὸς ὄνομ᾽ ἀπύεις,
εἰπέ μοι τᾷ μογερᾷ , τίς ὤν,
τίς ἄρα μ᾽, ὦ τάλᾶς , τὰν ταλαίπωρον ὧδ' 595
ἔτυμα προσθροεῖς ,
θεόσυτόν τε νόσον ὠνόμασας,
ἃ μαραίνει με χρίουσα κέντροισιν —
φοιταλέοις , ἐή ·
σκιρτημάτων δὲ νήστισιν αἰκίαις 600
λαβρόσυτος ἦλθον, [ Ηρας]
ἐπικότοισι μήδεσι δαμεῖσα . δυσδαιμόνων
δὲ τίνες οἷ , ἐή,
οἷ' ἐγὼ μογοῦσιν ;
ἀλλά μοι τορῶς
τέκμηρον ὅ τι μ᾽ ἐπαμμένει 605
παθεῖν , τί μῆχαρ , ἢ τί φάρμακον νόσου ·
δεῖξον εἴπερ οἶσθα ·
1
34
ΑΙΣΧΥΛΟΥ
τὸ Ζηνός, ἀλλ᾽ ἔξελθε πρὸς Λέρνης βαθὺν
λειμῶνα, ποίμνᾶς βουστάσεις τε πρὸς πατρός,
ὡς ἂν τὸ Δῖον ὄμμα λωφήσῃ πόθου .
τοιοῖσδε πάσᾶς εὐφρόνᾶς ὀνείρασι 655
συνειχόμην δύστηνος, ἔστε δὴ πατρὶ
ἔτλην γεγωνεῖν νυκτίφαντ᾽ ὀνείρατα .
ὁ δ᾽ ἔς τε Πυθὼ κἀπὶ Δωδώνης πυκνοὺς
θεοπρόπους ἴαλλεν , ὡς μάθοι τί χρὴ
δρῶντ᾽ ἢ λέγοντα δαίμοσιν πράσσειν φίλα.
ἧκον δ᾽ ἀναγγέλλοντες αἰολοστόμους 661
χρησμοὺς ἀσήμους δυσκρίτως τ᾽ εἰρημένους.
τέλος δ᾽ ἐναργὴς βάξις ἦλθεν Ἰνάχῳ
σαφῶς ἐπισκήπτουσα καὶ μυθουμένη
ἔξω δόμων τε καὶ πάτρᾶς ὠθεῖν ἐμὲ 665
ἄφετον ἀλᾶσθαι γῆς ἐπ᾿ ἐσχάτοις ὅροις ,
εἰ μὴ θέλοι πυρωπὸν ἐκ Διὸς μολεῖν
κεραυνὸν ὃς πᾶν ἐξαϊστώσοι γένος .
τοιοῖσδε πεισθεὶς Λοξίου μαντεύμασιν
ἐξήλασέν με κἀπέκλῃσε δωμάτων 670
ἄκουσαν ἄκων · ἀλλ ' ἐπηνάγκαζέ νιν
Διὸς χαλινὸς πρὸς βίαν πράσσειν τάδε .
εὐθὺς δὲ μορφὴ καὶ φρένες διάστροφοι
657. νυκτίφοιτα δείματα Nauck .
667. κεί Μ. , emended by Naber.
668. ἐξαϊστώσοι Blomfield for ἐξαϊστώσει Μ.
ΠΡΟΜΗΘΕΥΣ ΔΕΣΜΩΤΗΣ. 35
ἰὼ ἰὼ μοῖρα μοῖρα ,
πέφρικ᾽ εἰσιδοῦσα πρᾶξιν Ἰοῦς . 695
ΠΡ. πρῴ γε στενάζεις καὶ φόβου πλέᾶ τις εἶ ·
ἐπίσχες , ἔστ᾽ ἂν καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ προσμάθῃς .
ΧΟ . λέγ', ἐκδίδασκε · τοῖς νοσοῦσί τοι γλυκὺ
τὸ λοιπὸν ἄλγος προυξεπίστασθαι τορῶς.
ΠΡ. τὴν πρίν γε χρείαν ἠνύσασθ᾽ ἐμοῦ πάρα 700
κούφως· μαθεῖν γὰρ τῆσδε πρῶτ' ἐχρῄζετε
τὸν ἀμφ' ἑαυτῆς ἆθλον ἐξηγουμένης ·
τὰ λοιπὰ νῦν ἀκούσαθ', οἷα χρὴ πάθη
τλῆναι πρὸς Ηρᾶς τήνδε τὴν νεάνιδα .
σύ τ᾽, Ἰνάχειον σπέρμα , τοὺς ἐμοὺς λόγους 7ος
θυμῷ βάλ᾽, ὡς ἂν τέρματ᾽ ἐκμάθῃς ὁδοῦ.
πρῶτον μὲν ἐνθένδ' ἡλίου πρὸς ἀντολὰς
στρέψασα σαυτὴν στεῖχ᾽ ἀνηρότους γύᾶς ·
Σκύθᾶς δ᾽ ἀφίξῃ νομάδας, οἳ πλεκτἂς στέγᾶς
πεδάρσιοι ναίουσ᾽ ἐπ᾽ εὐκύκλοις ὄχοις , 710
ἑκηβόλοις τόξοισιν ἐξηρτημένοι·
οἷς μὴ πελάζειν , ἀλλ᾽ ἁλιστόνοις πόδας
χρίμπτουσα ῥᾶχίαισιν ἐκπερᾶν χθόνα .
λαιᾶς δὲ χειρὸς οἱ σιδηροτέκτονες
872. κλεινοῖς Μ.
885. παίουσ' later MSS .
ΠΡΟΜΗΘΕΥΣ ΔΕΣΜΩΤΗΣ . 45
ΤΡΙΤΟΝ ΣΤΑΣΙΜΟΝ .
στροφή .
ΧΟ. ἦ σοφὸς ἦ σοφὸς ἦν
ὅς πρῶτος ἐν γνώμᾷ τόδ' ἐβάστασε καὶ γλώσσα
διεμυθολόγησεν ,
ὡς τὸ κηδεῦσαι καθ᾽ ἑαυτὸν ἀριστεύει μακρῷ ,
καὶ μήτε τῶν πλούτῳ διαθρυπτομένων 891
μήτε τῶν γέννᾷ μεγαλυνομένων
ὄντα χερνήτᾶν ἐραστεῦσαι γάμων .
ἀντιστροφή .
μήποτε, μήποτέ μ᾽, ὦ
[πότνιαι] Μοῖραι, λεχέων Διὸς εὐνάτειραν
ἴδοισθε πέλουσαν · 895
μηδὲ πλᾶθείην γαμέτᾳ τινὶ τῶν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ.
ταρβῶ γὰρ ἀστεργάνορα παρθενίᾶν
εἰσορῶσ᾽ Ἰοῦς δαμαλιζομέναν
δυσπλάνοις Ηρᾶς ἀλατείαις πόνων . 900
ἐπῳδός.
ΕΞΟΔΟΣ .
――――――――――――――――
ΠΡΟΜΗΘΕΥΣ, ΧΟΡΟΣ, ΕΡΜΗΣ.
ΠΡ . ὤμοι.
ΕΡ. ὤμοι. τόδε Ζεὺς τοὔπος οὐκ ἐπίσταται. 980
ΠΡ. ἀλλ᾽ ἐκδιδάσκει πάνθ' ὁ γηράσκων χρόνος .
ΕΡ. καὶ μὴν σύ γ' οὔπω σωφρονεῖν ἐπίστασαι .
ΠΡ. σὲ γὰρ προσηύδων οὐκ ἂν ὄνθ᾽ ὑπηρέτην.
ΕΡ. ἐρεῖν ἔοικας οὐδὲν ὧν χρῄζει πατήρ .
ΠΡ . καὶ μὴν ὀφείλων γ᾽ ἂν τίνοιμ᾽ αὐτῷ χάριν. 985
ΕΡ. ἐκερτόμησας δῆθενὡς παῖδ ' ὄντα με.
ΠΡ. οὐ γὰρ σὺ παῖς τε κἄτι τοῦδ' ἀνούστερος ,
εἰ προσδοκᾷς ἐμοῦ τι πεύσεσθαι πάρα ;
οὐκ ἔστιν αἴκισμ ' οὐδὲ μηχάνημ ' ὅτῳ
προτρέψεταί με Ζεὺς γεγωνῆσαι τάδε, 990
πρὶν ἂν χαλασθῇ δεσμὰ λυμαντήρια .
πρὸς ταῦτα ῥιπτέσθω μὲν αἰθαλοῦσσα φλόξ,
λευκοπτέρῳ δὲ νιφάδι καὶ βροντήμασι
χθονίοις κυκάτω πάντα καὶ ταρασσέτω ·
γνάμψει γὰρ οὐδὲν τῶνδέ μ' ὥστε καὶ φράσαι
πρὸς οὗ χρεών νιν ἐκπεσεῖν τυραννίδος . 996
ΕΡ. ὅρά νυν εἴ σοι ταῦτ᾽ ἀρωγὰ φαίνεται .
ΠΡ. ὦπται πάλαι δὴ καὶ βεβούλευται τάδε.
ΕΡ. τόλμησον , ὦ μάταιε , τόλμησόν ποτε
πρὸς τὰς παρούσᾶς πημονὰς ὀρθῶς φρονεῖν . 1000
ΠΡ . ὀχλεῖς μάτην με κῦμ ' ὅπως παρηγορῶν.
1049. οὐρανίων τε Μ.
1056. μή Μ.: μὴ οὐ Wecklein.
1057. ἦ τοῦδ᾽ εὐτυχῆ M. , emended by Winckelmann,
The reading of M. is evidently a “ conflation ” of εὔχη
and τύχη .
54 ΑΙΣΧΥΛΟΥ ΠΡΟΜΗΘΕΥΣ ΔΕΣΜΩΤΗΣ.
διακδαιρτκιαόή
εἰς ἀπέραντον δίκτυον ἄτης
ἐμπλεχθήσεσθ ' ὑπ ' ἀνοίᾶς .
ΠΡ. καὶ μὴν ἔργῳ κοὐκέτι μύθῳ 1080
χθὼνσεσάλευται·
βρυχίᾶ δ᾽ ἠχὼ παραμυκᾶται
βροντῆς, ἕλικες δ᾽ ἐκλάμπουσι
στεροπῆς ζάπυροι, στρόμβοι δὲ κόνῖν
εἱλίσσουσι· σκιρτᾷ δ' ἀνέμων 1085
πνεύματα πάντων εἰς ἄλληλα
στάσιν ἀντίπνουν ἀποδεικνύμενα ·
ξυντετάρακται δ᾽ αἰθὴρ πόντῳ .
τοιάδ᾽ ἐπ᾿ ἐμοὶ ῥϊπὴ Διόθεν
τεύχουσα φόβον στείχει φανερῶς. 1090
ὦ μητρὸς ἐμῆς σέβας, ὦ πάντων
αἰθὴρ κοινὸν φάος εἱλίσσων ,
ἐσορᾷς μ᾿ ὡς ἔκδικα πάσχω.
NOTES.
10. os av, ' that so. ' See on 654 and cp. 824. An
Epic use of av with us and öπws, with subj. in final
clauses, but not with iva, see Syntax, § 350.
11. σTÉрyev, ' to acquiesce in. ' Cp. Agam. 1570,
ἐθέλω τάδε μὲν στέργειν δύστλητά περ ἔοντα.
ÞiλaνОράπоν тρóπov, lit. ' His man - befriending ways.'
12. Bla. Notice the rather awkward use of ẞía in
1. 15, and compare Choeph . 32, φόβος ἔλακε περὶ φόβῳ :
Plat. Phil. 63 D, ἡδοναὶ ταράττουσι δι᾽ ἡδονάς : Eur.
Alc. 50, where Θάνατος is said θάνατον ἐμβαλεῖν :
Milton, Hymn on the Nativity, iii. , " Meek-eyed Peace
strikes an universal peace through sea and land. ”
opov. For you indeed the hest of Zeus is now
(d ) accomplished, and nothing any longer keeps you
here, yet have I no heart . Lit. ' nothing stands
in your way,' i.e. prevents you from going." With
ἐμποδὼν sc. ἐστίν, as also with ἀνάγκη, vv . 16, 72, and
with Bapú, v. 17. So el is omitted , ll. 42, 178, 475,
and εἰμί, 1. 246.
14. συγγενῆ. Zeus and Prometheus were both
grandsons of Uranus, and Hephaistos was son of Zeus.
15. Svoxeμéρo, ' storm -swept .' Used metaphor
ically , v. 746.
16. Távτws, ' for all that. ' In vv. 333, 1053, it =
'at all events ,' and in v. 943, ' doubtless. '
σχεθεῖν . Aor. from ἔσχεθον = ἔσχον, cp. εἰκαθεῖν .
τόλμαν , an echo of ἄτολμος above ; cp . 39, 41 , δεινὸν
deiuaíveis. Tr. 'I needs must pluck up heart for this. '
17. wpιálav yáp. The peculiar caesura is perhaps
intentional, as the pause in the line seems to suit the
hesitating thought of Hephaistos. Three lines in the
Supplices (485, 733, 940) have a similar rhythm. "To
set aside the Sire's commands is no light thing.'
18. airνμтa, voc. , ' high- souled . ' Hesiod, Theog.
589, attributes dóλov airov to Prometheus.
NOTES . 59
facep. 60.
NOTES. 61
(
NOTES. 65
"
78. Suola, cogn. acc. after ynpúeral. Thy tongue
speaks words that belie not thy face, ' in reference to
the particularly repulsive mask worn by Kpáros ( Schol. ).
79. μαλθακίζου. ‘ Play the woman an it please you,
but cast not in my teeth my hardness of heart and
stern temper.'
81. κώλοισιν, dat. depends on ἀμφίβληστρα , as if it
were a neuter participle from ȧupi-ßáλw. Cp. 501 , 612.
After this line Hephaistos leaves the stage.
"
82. évтavla, There, now, indulge thy insolence. '
Cp . Arist . Vesp . 149, ἐνταῦθά νυν ζήτει τιν' ἄλλην μηχανήν.
Notice the presents συλῶν and προστίθει, ‘ Go on
robbing and making over. '
83. ἐφημέροισι, ‘ creatures of a day ') (θεοί.
84. áπavτλñoaι, lit. ' to draw off the water from a
ship's hold.' So 'to divert. ' Prometheus answers
this taunt, v. 375, ἐγὼ δὲ τὴν παροῦσαν ἀντλήσω τύχην,
" I will drink to the dregs this cup of my misfortune."
6
85. IIpoμnléā. Mistakenly do the gods call you
Forethinker, for you yourself have need of one to fore
think on your behalf, how you shall extricate your
self from this handiwork, ' i.e. you have belied your
name, else had you foreseen this ( Prometheus acknow
ledges, v. 268, that he had not foreseen it) and saved
yourself from it. Cp. " He saved others, Himself He
cannot save," S. Matt. xxvii. 42. Lucian, as might
have been expected, echoes the taunt (Prom. § 2),
" For my part I wonder how, being a prophet, thou
didst not foresee thy future punishment. " For similar
plays on words, cp. Shaks. 2. Henry VI. ""ii. 1. 52,
" Protector, see to it well, protect thyself.' Agam.
1081 , ᾿Απόλλων ἐμός, ἀπώλεσας γὰρ οὐ μόλις τὸ δεύτερον .
" Is he not rightly named Jacob (i.e. Supplanter) ? for
he hath supplanted me these two times.' Plato, Apol.
xxv. C, ἀλλὰ γάρ, ὦ Μέλητε, σαφῶς ἀποφαίνεις τὴν ἀμέ
λειαν. Theocr. xxvi. 26 , ἐξ ὄρεος πένθημα καὶ οὐ Πενθῆα
66 ΠΡΟΜΗΘΕΥΣ ΔΕΣΜΩΤΗΣ.
Tηv Deŵv loxov öơn (sc. ẻoтlv) ; Hor. Od. iv. 14. 7, " Quem
Vindelici didicere, quid Marte posses "" Plaut. Poen.
ii. 5, 66 non potui propitiam Venerem facere ut esset
mihi " ; Shaks . Merchant of Venice, iv. 1. 167, " You
hear the learned Bellario, what he writes. " Syntax,
§ 370 c, Obs. iii.
93. αἰκίαισιν , from the Ionic form ἀεικείη or ἀεικίη .
Cp. 177, and Arist. Eccl. 663.
94. τὸν μυριετῆ χρόνον , ‘ my term of ten thousand
years. ' The art. refers to the sentence passed by Zeus,
see Schol. , ἐν τῷ Πυρφόρῳ γ' μυριάδας φησὶ δεδέσθαι αὐτόν.
That Prometheus knew his punishment would not last
so long is clear from v. 774, where he gives fourteen
generations as the term .
95. á0λevow , fut. indic. , the clause being a depen
dent exclamation, cp. 144. Synt. § 370 A, B. 'I must
wrestle with my pain. ' For the word see 257, 262, 702,
752, 934.
99. n TOTE, indirect question depending on idea
implied in στενάχω , sc. ' knowing not ' : see 183.
Wecklein reads T TOтe with double question ; cp. 545.
100. Xpη éπireîλat, ' must dawn for me, ' generally of
stars, while ȧvatéλλw is used of the sun, as in 707. But
cp. 457 and Agam. 7. The words may 6 be taken with
Ziva understood before the infinitive, that Zeus should
ordain the limit of these woes.'
101. ‘ I know fully ( §) and clearly everything
beforehand.'
103. πεπρωμένην, from * πόρω , ‘ to give, ’ sc. μοῖραν ,
'the allotted fate. '
104. yıуváσкove' agrees with the subject ( ué) of
pépe understood, cp. 540.
105. τὸ τῆς ἀνάγκης, sc . σθένος , ‘ that the (might) of
Necessity is a resistless might. ' It is also possible to
take τὸ τῆς ἀνάγκης as a periphrasis for ἀνάγκη, ας τὸ
68 ΠΡΟΜΗΘΕΥΣ ΔΕΣΜΩΤΗΣ.
Ωκέανος
= Κρόνος Ἰάπετος Ὑπερίων Κρίος
- Κοῖος Μνημοσύνη
= = = = See on 461 .
Τηθύς Ρέα Θέμις θεῖα Ευρυβία Φοίβη
Προμηθεύς Ἐπιμηθεύς
Hesiod gives Clymene as the wife of Iapetus, and
makes Atlas and Menoitios brothers of Prometheus.
78 ΠΡΟΜΗΘΕΥΣ ΔΕΣΜΩΤΗΣ.
215. ovde = ne quidem, as often ; ' No, not so much as to. '
216. Tŵν πаρεσTάTwv, ' of all that offered ,' a common
use of Tapioraolai, ' to occur to one's mind. ' See on
1002. In Agam. 1053 the phrase = тŵν πаρóvтWV.
217. προσλαβόντα . The Ms. reading ( 1st hand) is
Tрooλaßbνтi. But the accusative is the usual construc
tion, the participle being in agreement with the subject
(understood) of the infinitive. Cp. Agam. 1610, kaλdv
ἐμοὶ ἰδόντα κατθανεῖν : Xen. An. iii. 2. 26, ἔξον αὐτοῖς
κομισαμένους ὁρᾶν.
221. αὐτοῖσι συμμάχοισι, ‘ him and his allies.’This
dative (cp. 1047) is used by Attic writers generally
without a preposition. See, however, Eur. Ion, 32,
αὐτῷ σὺν ἄγγει. The idiom with avròs appears also in
compounds ; cp. Agam. 135, avтÓTOKOS, ' brood and all.'
223. éέnµelɣato, as we say, ' paid me out ' (¿§).
224. "To be omnipotent and friendless is to reign,"
Shelley, Prom. Unbound, ii. 4.
226. 8' ovv, ' be that as it may,' ' however ' : used in
dismissing a subject or resuming after parenthesis.
Cp. also on 935.
228. ὅπως τάχιστα ra == cum primum, ་ as soon as ever.'
Cp. ἐπεὶ τάχιστα, 199.
229. Kαlégeто. For omission of augment, see on 135.
véμe , the historic present, but used rather awk
wardly here between two past tenses.
230. διεστοιχίζετο , ‘ set about putting his realm in
order, ' or perhaps 6 set about apportioning power, ' if,
as seems likely, Aeschylus had in mind the lines of
Hesiod, Theog. 75 :
εὖ δὲ ἕκαστα
᾿Αθανάτοις διέταξεν ὁμῶς καὶ ἐπέφραδε τιμάς,
and ibid ., 885, διεδάσσατο τιμάς.
232. λóуov ouk ëσxeν, ' made no account of ' ; Lat
habere rationem.
80 ΠΡΟΜΗΘΕΥΣ ΔΕΣΜΩΤΗΣ.
ΠΡΟΜΗΘΕΥΣ
ΔΕΣΜΩΤΗΣ
.
making any efforts towards self-improvement, just as
the want of fire prevented their material development,
until Prometheus gave them fire to promote their
physical well-being and Hope to ensure their spiritual
expansion. There is probably a reference to the legend
of Pandora's box, Hes. W. and D. 96. Aelian (V. H.
xiii. 29) records a sayingروof Plato that " hopes are the
dreams of waking men, and perhaps I may quote
E. A. Poe, " Man's life"" is chiefly happy from his ever
expecting it to be so. '
252. σφιν for σφίσιν = αὐτοῖς, ‘to them, ' an Epic form
and use, cp. 443, 457 , 481 .
253. καὶ νῦν ; καὶ in interrogative sentences expresses
surprise : 'What ! ' Cp. " And shall Trelawney die?"
φλογωπόν . The later Scholiast distinguishes be
tween the elemental fire or ether and the work-a- day
fire, and says the epithet here means fire in a concrete,
visible form, not like the ethereal elemental fire, pure
and invisible.
257. 0λov, ' contest with pain,' ' agony. '
258. Nay, none other, save his own stern will. '
This is the limit laid down by Zeus, but the power
of ending the contest was not in the hands of Zeus at
all, see 771 .
263. appóv. " Tis easy (for one) who keeps his
foot outside of harm,' a proverbial expression. Cp.
ὑγιὴς νοσοῦντα πᾶς τις νουθετεῖ ; Ter. And. ii. 1. 9,
" facile omnes cum valemus recta consilia aegrotis
damus. " So Shaks. Much Ado About Nothing, v.
1. 20 :
" For men
Can counsel and speak comfort to that grief
Which they themselves not feel. "
268. μhv, ' yet.' Synt. § 600, 21. ii.
269. Katιoxvaveîσðaɩ, fut. middle used passively.
NOTES. 8883
πεδαρσίοις, Doric or Aeolic form for μετάρσιος =
MEтéwρos, see 710, 916. By his residence in Sicily
Aeschylus learnt some Doric forms, see Athen. ix. ,
p. 402 B, ὅτι δὲ Αἰσχύλος, διατρίψας ἐν Σικελίᾳ, πολλαῖς
κέχρηται φωναῖς Σικελαῖς, οὐδὲν θαυμαστόν . See ἐλινύειν
53, μᾶσσον 629, Δᾶ 568, ἁρμοῖ 615.
271. μοι . Ethic dative.
272. Tédo . Doric form for * Tédolɩ, cp. oïkol . Per
haps a locative, cp. xauaí, ' humi.'
275. To , introducing the maxim. See on 8.
TaÚTά. Adverbial or cognate accusative. 'In the
same way for all woe flits and settles now on one and
now on another.' For More inserted between the
preposition and its case, see on 762. Notice allitera
tion of and see on 8.
279. kal vûv, ' and so I now. ' Used in this way at
the opening of the Agamemnon and of the Ajax, with
uèv in the first clause.
282. teλŵ ( = teλάow) , here intransitive ; see on 25.
283. Sià Tavтós, not, as usually, ' for ever, ' but
'throughout, ' ' from end to end.'
285. Siapa áμevos, lit. ' having taken in exchange
the goal of my journey (for the beginning), ' i.e. ' hav
ing reached the goal of my journey. ' If the word be
taken in its other sense of simply traversing (S. c. Theb.
334), then répuа кeλeú0оυ will be proleptic, and the
meaning will be having traversed the road till I
reached the goal. '
Oceanus was supposed to have his home in the far
(doλxns) west, though his stream circled the whole
earth . However, we read above ( 133) that the caverns
inhabited by the daughters of Ocean were near enough
to the place where Prometheus was crucified for them
to hear the noise of hammering, that is, they must
have been in the extreme north- east.
84 ΠΡΟΜΗΘΕΥΣ ΔΕΣΜΩΤΗΣ.
one , which the risen Lord used , when He met His future
apostle, and warned him of the fruitlessness and folly
of further resistance to a might which must overcome
him, and with a more disastrous overcoming at the
last. " Cp. the Latin , " Adversus stimulum calcare, "
Ter. Phorm. i. 2. 28.
328. ἢ οὐκ. Scanned by synizesis as one syllable ;
so èπel où, Supp. 910, and unǹ ov, infra, 627, 787 ; but in
Soph. O. T. 993, † †ηтòv ʼn où eμTór, the syllables are
scanned separately.
330. Inλ σe, said with some bitterness. The state
ment that Oceanus had shared in all Prometheus's
doings seems scarcely reconcileable with v. 234.
331. μeтaσxúv, ' having shared and dared with me. '
The dative is usual after μETÉxw, though not with
τετολμηκώς. Wecklein reads μετασχεῖν . For the com
bination of aorist and perf. participles, cp. Agam. 1243,
žvνnка кal πéppiкa, and Eur. Med. 293.
332. čāσov, ' let be, ' i.e. give up your idea of ad
dressing Zeus in my favour.
μηδὲμελησάτω . The rule is that either μὴ λέγε or μὴ
λέξῃς is good Greek, but not μὴ λέξον (cp., however,
Arist. Thesm. 870, un eûσov, and Agam. 931 , µǹ eiπé)
or un λéyns : but un with the third person aor. impera
tive or first person present subj . seems admissible (see
1002). For the former, cp. Plato, Apol. p. 17, undeis
πроσdокησάтw aλws, and for the latter Soph. Ai. 1085 :
see Syntax, § 341 (b) , obs. 2.
333. Táνтws. See on 16.
339. A. The elision of a dissyllabic noun with pen
ultimate short is rare ; cp. 139, x06v' . Perhaps here a
reminiscence of Hes. Works and Days, 2, and Theog. 468.
340. тà µév, ‘ so far.' Instead of và dè to follow, we
have ἀτάρ .
éπaiva, ' I am much obliged to you,' a civil way of
declining. Cp. " benigne," Hor. Ep. i. 7. 62.
88 ΠΡΟΜΗΘΕΥΣ ΔΕΣΜΩΤΗΣ.
365. iπоúμevos, ' crushed down ' ( ' nipt '). Pindar,
Olymp . iv. 10 , ἶπον ἠνεμόεσσαν ἑκατογκεφάλα Τυφῶνος.
The word imos means the part of a mouse-trap which
falls on and crushes the mouse.
366. áκpais, not, as Vergil (Aen. viii. 416 ff. ), in the
interior of the mountain.
367. kрaynσovτal. This refers to the great eruption
in B.C. 479 or 475, for the date is uncertain, the results of
which must have been seen by Aeschylus and Pindar.
Thucydides (iii. 116) refers to it in describing the next
eruption, 50 years later : éppúŋ dè tepì avtò TÒ Éαρ TOûTO
ὁ ῥύαξ τοῦ πυρὸς ἐκ τῆς Αἴτνης ὥσπερ καὶ τὸ πρότερον .
λέγεται δὲ πεντηκοστῷ ἔτει ῥυῆναι τοῦτο μετὰ τὸ πρότερον
peûua. Dr. Kinns in his Moses and Geology gives a
striking description of a later eruption in 1669 A.D.
The stream of lava, flowing resistlessly down from the
mountain, slowly made its way to the sea, a dis
tance of 25 miles , in 43 days, burying in its course
fourteen villages and towns. The people of Catana
saw the lava stream reach their walls, ascend and
overrun them, and pour into the town. Blotting out
everything in its way, the stream breasted the other
walls, and fell, a cascade of fire, into the sea. " Then
began a combat between the water and the fire such
as has not been witnessed by the eye of man, ' water
and fire in ruin reconciled . ' The lava, cooled at its base
by contact with the water, presented a perpendicular
front fourteen or fifteen yards broad, and advanced
slowly, carrying with it, like a glacier, enormous solid
blocks red with heat. When they reached the extrem
ity of this movable causeway the blocks, falling into
the sea, filled it little by little, and the solid mass
advanced so much. At this contact large bodies of
water, reduced to a state of vapour, rose up with
frightful hissings and fell in a salt rain over the neigh
bouring country. In a few days the lava had carried
forward the line of beach some 330 yards."
92 ΠΡΟΜΗΘΕΥΣ ΔΕΣΜΩΤΗΣ.
94 ΠΡΟΜΗΘΕΥΣ ΔΕΣΜΩΤΗΣ.
incident
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sA
on
found
,opainting
Tarquinii
adat
The
B.C.
300
than
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not
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on
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inerhaps
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NOTES. 95
Ja
[face p. 118.
NOTES. 119
787. nov. For the synizesis see 328, and for the
double negative see on 627.
788. πολύδονον . Aeschylus is fond of these com
pounds of woλús ; cp. 585, 633.
789. SEXTOLS Opev@v. A common trope, imitated by
Soph . Fr. 535, θὲς δ ' ἐν φρενὸς δέλτοισι τοὺς ἐμοὺς λόγους .
cp. Jer. xvii. 1, " The sin of Judah ... graven upon the
table of their heart " ; St. Paul, 2 Ep. Cor. iii. 3, "Not
in tables of stone, but in fleshy tables of the heart. "
790. pelopov. The Tanais or Phasis according to the
Scholiasts (Ευρώπην ᾿Ασίης Τάναις διὰ μέσσον ὁρίζων ), but
does it not mean the Maeotic Channel (see 731 ) ? See
Appendix, p. 97.
791. ἡλίου στίβει . This emendation by Paley gets
rid of the necessity of supposing a lacuna. The MS.
reading means ' sun-trod , ' a picturesque epithet aptly
describing the gradual march of sunlight. It is gener
ally supposed that a lacuna follows this line, which
some have supplied by inserting the four lines quoted
by Galen as from the Prometheus Bound. They fit in
fairly well, but they would also suit a similar passage
in the Prometheus Unbound, relating to the travels of
Heracles.
792. σTE, for eis öre = until. Used of past time,
11. 457, 656 ; of future time with av, 11. 376, 697.
793. Kiobývηs. The Scholiast places Kisthene in
Libya or Aethiopia, and Ovid ( Met. iv. 616) speaks of
the Gorgons as being in Libya, though Hesiod ( Theog.
274 ; Scut. 216) relegates them to the extreme west.
The Scholiast on Pind. Pyth. x. 72 (quoted by Wecklein)
points out this diversity of opinion. Aeschylus here
chooses to differ from Hesiod. Most probably he is
purposely vague, and we know that even in Alexander's
time Greek geography was so rudimentary, that Alex
ander having reached the Indus thought it might be
the Nile.
NOTES. 123
858. Onpaolμovs, ' that they may not win, ' or ' hunt
down.'
859. owµáτwv. Either ( 1 ) ' shall envy the suitors
the possession of the persons of their brides, ' or (2)
' shall have a hatred of their bodies, ' as the Scholiast
seems to take it.
860. Пeλaσyíā (sc. yî) , i.e. Argos. The Pelasgians
were the early inhabitants of Greece (and Italy), and
the Greeks had some traditions to that effect. Larissa
was a Pelasgian city-name. With δέξεται we must
supply αὐτούς, or (as the Scholiast ) σώματα . If the
latter, daμévтwv will depend upon it. If the former,
it is easy to parallel the gen. abs. referring to the
object. In fact, this construction seems so common
as to be almost idiomatic. Only one or two instances
need be quoted , Agam . 968, σοῦ μολόντος ...σημαίνεις ,
cp. ibid. 1278. It is found in Thucydides, π
εστράτευσαν ἐς Παῤῥασίους ἐπικαλεσαμένων σφᾶς, iv. 33. 1 ,
also vii. 50. 2, viii. 76. Cp. Herod. iii. 65. 8, éµeû
πεπονθότος τιμωρήσειν ἐμοί. Xenophon has many in
stances. It appears also in Hellenistic Greek . So
Matt. i. 18, μνηστευθείσης δὲ τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ ... εὑρέθη .
Syntax, § 361 , 3 (c).
θηλυκτόνῳ , dat. of instr. , θράσει being dative of
manner. By a woman's murderous blow in a deed
of daring that watched by night. ' The Greeks had
a great horror of a woman murdering a man (Agam.
1231, θῆλυς ἄρσενος φονεύς ἐστιν ). Cp . Eum. 625, ἄνδρα
γενναῖον θανεῖν , καὶ ταῦτα πρὸς γυναικός.
861. ῎Αρει = φόνῳ , ep. Soph . Αi. 254, λιθόλευστον ῎Αρη ,
" death by stoning. '
862. αἰών, ‘ life.’Hom . Il. xxii. 58, φίλης αἰῶνος
ἀμερθῇς.
863. σφαγαῖσι, ‘ throat. ’ Thuc. iv. 48, burrous es
Tàs opayás kallevтes ; Latin iugulum (Verg. Aen. xii .
357). That part of the throat between the neck and
NOTES. 131
879. úπо ... láλrovσ , for tmesis see 574, and for
the word see on 650, and Soph. Tr. 1082, ë0aλev åtηs
σжаoμós. The vro- has an inceptive force.
880. άrupos. Schol . has Toλúruρos, and some editors
consequently take it to mean ' fiery ' (the a being inten
sive, if there is such a thing as a intensive ). But it is
much better to take the word as an Aeschylean epithet
(see on 803), ' the goad (lit. ' arrow-point ') of the gadfly F
forged on no anvil. ' Cp . Dan. ii. 34, 66 a stone cut out
without hands ; " 2 Cor. v. 1 , " a house not made with
hands."
881. péva, lit. ' midriff,' ' my heartknocksagainst my
breast.' The word in this literal sense is usually plural,
περὶ τὴν καρδίαν αἱ φρένες εἰσί. Cp . Macbeth , i. 3. 136,
" And make my seated heart knock at my ribs."
882. ἑλίγδην , ‘ giddily .’
883. Spóμov, a proverbial expression meaning
' aimlessly, ' used of ' talking off the point. ' Choeph.
514, οὐδέν ἐστ᾽ ἔξω δρόμου ; Agam. 1245 , ἐκ δρόμου πεσὼν
τρέχω .
884. μápy , fierce delirium. ' Transferred epithet,
going66 in meaning with Xúoons ; see on 110. Cp. Engl
ish, Holy and humble men of heart " ; Horace, Od.
iii. 21. 19, " Iratos regum apices."
ȧκρаτns, ' powerless of my tongue,' i.e. without
power over it. For genitive, see 416, and cp. impotens
in Latin. For derivation, see 678.
885. Ooλepol, a turbid stream of words. ' For the
dative, cp. Pind. Pyth. iv. 24 , äуктраν тотì vаt крημν
άντων. Here Io leaves the stage.
888. Báoraσe, ' pondered it in his mind, and ex
pressed it as a proverb. '
890. ' Wedlock in one's own sphere is far the best. '
The reference seems to be to a gnome of Pittacus.
The Scholiast quotes Pind. Pyth. ii. 34, xpǹ dè κal'
NOTES. 133
1
NOTES. 141
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,
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E
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TH Noigris
MS Thes
anu
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and
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[47
APPENDIX A.
IO'S WANDERINGS.
1In the Supplices (540 ff.) Io's wanderings are traced through
' many tribes ' to the Thracian Bosporus, which she swims across
from the European to the Asiatic side. Passing through Phrygia,
Teuthras' city of the Mysians, Lydia, and Cilicia, to Pamphylia,
thence through rich lands to Cyprus or Phoenicia, she finally
reaches Egypt and the Nile. It is difficult to fit this in with the
wanderings given in the Prometheus. Bernhard Foss in his mono
graph on the subject makes Io, starting from Argos, swim across
the Aegean to Asia Minor, and passing (in reverse order) through
Cilicia, Pamphylia, Phrygia, Lydia, and Mysia, swim across the
Thracian Bosporus to Europe, going thence through Thrace to
Dodona, where the account in Prometheus begins (see Map).
2 After the transformation into a heifer (see 1. 673) at Argos she
was driven by the gadfly to Lerna.
147
148 ΠΡΟΜΗΘΕΥΣ ΔΕΣΜΩΤΗΣ .
METRICAL ANALYSIS.
(b) Parodic.
First strophe and antistrophe ( 128-135 = 144-151 ).
Ionic a minore (" a plaintive rhythm for women's
voices, " Schol. ).
N
]
J
(d) SECOND STASIMON.
First strophe and antistrophe (526–535 = 536-544).
Dactylo-epitrite (dactyls, long trochees, spondees),
expressing calm cheerfulness.
This was a Doric rhythm composed of two dactyls
and a spondee, and the epitrite ( — — — — ).
لا
-
On incomplete correspondences in 11. 541 ( = 531 ) and
543 ( 535) , see crit. notes.
Second strophe and antistrophe ( 545-552-553-560).
Logaoedic (cyclic dactyls, trochees, irrational
spondees).
)))
) ) )
APPENDIX B. 157
(two dochmii) .
-N
I)
))
r
Line 598 lacks the final long syllable, the Mss. having
κέντροισι which Hermann emends to κεντήμασι and
Wecklein to KÉVтpois tw. Line 601 is deficient by the
final foot. Hermann fills the gap with " Hpas and
Wecklein with ἄλλων. In line 576 the w of the first i
is shortened before the next vowel, cp. 694 and 164
δάμναται.
-
The scansion of line 692/3 seems unsatisfactory.
Wecklein alters the order of words. I have substituted
ἀμάν for ἐμάν ,
APPENDIX B. 159
]
L
The MS. , 1. 888, has v ös. This makes line 895 in
the antistrophe four syllables short. See critical note
on 895 at foot of text.
(h) Epode (901-906).
Trochaic,
O.
μὲν... δέ , 197, 198, 507 , 508 .
ὅδε = ἐγώ, 304 .
μέντοι, 252 , 949 , 964 , 1054 .
μεσημβρινός , 722 . ὁδοῦν, 498, 813.
μή, redundant , 236, 248 . ὁθούνεκα, 330 .
μὴ οὔ, 627 , 787 , 918, 1056. *οἰακόνομος , 148 .
μή ; = num ? 247 , 959. οἰακόστροφος , 515 (and
negativing a class, 44 . Pindar).
- · with ellipse of govern οἶμαι, ironical, 968 .
ing verb, 388. οἶμος, 2, 394.
μηδέν ,anabstract οὐδέν ,938 .οἰστρᾶν , 836.
μηδὲν ἄγαν, 72. οἰστρήλατος , 580.
μήν = ‘ yet,’ 268 , 871 . οἰστροδίνητος , 589.
μιαίφονος ( Ep. ) , 868. οἰστροπλήξ , 681 .
μοῖραν νέμειν , 291 . οἶος = ὅτι τοιοῦτος(Ep.), 908.
μολεῖσθαι, 689. [οἴω , 187.]
μουσομήτωρ , 461 . ὀλέκεσθαι (Ep.),564.
μυδροκτυπεῖν , 366. ὀλιγοδρανία , 547.
μυθεῖσθαι (Ep . ), 664 . ὁμαρτεῖν ( Ep. ), 678.
µúwų, ‘ gadfly, ' 675. ὀξύστομος , 803 .
ὁπάζειν (Ep . ), 8, 30 , 252 .
Ν. ὅπως, ‘ as though ,' 1001 .
ναρθηκοπλήρωτος , 109. with superlatives, 228 .
νεκροδέγμων , 153 . with fut. indic.(govern
νέμειν μοῖραν , 291 . ing verb supplied ?), 68.
- with past tense indic.
νηλής, 42 , 240 .
νιν , acc. sing. fem. , 46. (final), depending on
acc. neut. plur. , 55. wish in past time,749.
νόσος, 597 , 924 . - with av and subj . (final).
824.
νυκτιφρούρητος , 861.
vûv, ' as it is,' 755. ὀργή , ‘temper, 378.
νωθέστερος , 62. ὀρθόβουλος ,18 (also Pindar ).
ὀροθύνειν (Ep .), 200 .
Ξ· ös, causal, 768.
ξυλουργία , 451 . interrogative , 915, 996 .
ξυν- , Attic for συν-, 521 , ὅσον , with superlatives,
1084, q.v. 524.
- qualifying adv ., 927.
ξυναμπέχειν , 521 .
168 ΠΡΟΜΗΘΕΥΣ ΔΕΣΜΩΤΗΣ .
8170
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