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  • Making National Movement Part 3

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    Machhindra Dahifale
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    The document summarizes key events in India's independence movement in the early 20th century. It describes the partition of Bengal by the British in 1905 which divided the province and sparked opposition. It then discusses the rise of the swadeshi movement and mass nationalism in response. Key organizations that formed include the All India Muslim League in 1906 and the growing divide within the Indian National Congress in 1907. The document outlines the increasing unrest during World War 1 and the role of Mahatma Gandhi. It details acts of civil disobedience like against the Rowlatt Act of 1919 and the Khilafat agitation of 1920.

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    making national movement part 3

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    The document summarizes key events in India's independence movement in the early 20th century. It describes the partition of Bengal by the British in 1905 which divided the province and sparked opposition. It then discusses the rise of the swadeshi movement and mass nationalism in response. Key organizations that formed include the All India Muslim League in 1906 and the growing divide within the Indian National Congress in 1907. The document outlines the increasing unrest during World War 1 and the role of Mahatma Gandhi. It details acts of civil disobedience like against the Rowlatt Act of 1919 and the Khilafat agitation of 1920.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    18 views12 pages

    Making National Movement Part 3

    Uploaded by

    Machhindra Dahifale
    The document summarizes key events in India's independence movement in the early 20th century. It describes the partition of Bengal by the British in 1905 which divided the province and sparked opposition. It then discusses the rise of the swadeshi movement and mass nationalism in response. Key organizations that formed include the All India Muslim League in 1906 and the growing divide within the Indian National Congress in 1907. The document outlines the increasing unrest during World War 1 and the role of Mahatma Gandhi. It details acts of civil disobedience like against the Rowlatt Act of 1919 and the Khilafat agitation of 1920.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 12

    Partition of Bengal

    •Partition of Bengal
    •In 1905 by Lord Curzon
    •Bengal was biggest province of British India and included
    Bihar and Odisha
    •Tied to British interests
    •Rather than removing the non-Bengali areas from the
    province, government separated East Bengaland merged it
    with Assam
    •British wanted to curtail influence of Bengali politicians
    and split Bengali people
    •Both moderates and extremists opposed it
    •Public meetings and demonstrations were made
    Swadeshi Movement

    •Strongest in Bengal (also called as Vandemataram


    movement in Andhra Pradesh)
    •Opposed British rule
    •Encouraged self-help, swadeshi enterprise, national
    education and Indian languages
    •Boycott of British institutes and goods
    •Revolutionary violence started
    All India Muslim League

    •Formed in Dacca in 1906


    •Supported partition of Bengal
    •Wanted separate electorates for Muslims in 1909
    •Seats in councils were reserved for Muslims
    Congress Split in 1907

    •Moderates were opposed to boycott


    •They felt it involved force
    •Dominated by Moderates
    •Later two reunited in 1915
    •Lucknow Pact – b/w Congress and Muslim League was signed to
    work together for representative government
    Growth of Mass Nationalism

    •Involved peasants, tribals, students, factory workers and women

    •WW-I: huge rise in defence expenditure which was imparted on


    individual income as taxes – led toprice rise for common people
    but businessmen earned huge profits (demand for industrial
    goodslike cloth, jute, iron rails) ; industries in India expanded,
    expansion of army (villages pressurized tosupply soldiers to be
    sent abroad)

    •1917 – Revolution in Russia inspired the local workers


    Advent of Mahatma Gandhi

    •1895 – Established Natal Congress to fight racial discrimination

    •Arrived in India from South Africa in 1915


    •Emerged as mass leader

    •Had contact with various types of Indians: Hindus, Muslims, Parsis and
    Christians; Gujaratis, Tamilsand north Indians; and upper-class merchants,
    lawyers and workers

    •1st year he travelled throughout India to understand needs

    •Interventions in Champaran, Kheda and Ahmedabad


    •Came in contact with Rajendra Prasad & Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
    •1918 – successful mill worker strike in Ahmedabad
    Rowlatt Act

    •1919 – satyagraha against Rowlatt Act (it curbed freedom of


    expression and strengthened police powers)

    •Criticized by Gandhi and Jinnah as devilish and 6th April as


    “day of humiliation and prayer” with hartals (strikes)

    •Satyagraha sabhas were set up – against British government


    but was restricted to cities

    •Jallianwala Bagh atrocities, inflicted by General Dyer in


    Amritsar on Baisakhi day (13 April) , were apart of this
    repression
    •Tagore renounced the knighthood (honor granted by British
    Crown for exceptional achievement)
    •Hindus and Muslims were united against the fight
    Khilafat Agitation

    •1920 – British imposed treaty on Turkish Sultan or Khalifa


    •Indian Muslims were keen that the Khalifa be allowed to retain control over
    Muslim sacred places in the erstwhile Ottoman Empire
    •Led by Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali - wished to initiate a full-fledged Non-
    Cooperation Movement
    •Was supported by Gandhiji
    •Congress to campaign against Jallianwala massacre, Khilafat wrongs and
    demand swaraj

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