GE CORE 11 Sino si Lucia Caballero

Social Science and Philosophy Last secluded maiden of Calinog, Iloilo,died 74

Sino si Antoon Postma  Age of 3 or 4, she is already kept by her
parents.
 Dutch anthropologist, linguist, and
 Not exposed to sun, allowed to be seen
former missionary priest from the
by others or made to work
Society of the Divine Word
 Either only daughter or the prettiest
 was assigned to the island of Mindoro,
daughter of a family of good standing
Philippines, 1958
 Baths in the river at night, has female
 1959, he met Mangyans, he fell in love
servant, spends her days learning oral
with their culture, and began
lore, traditional dancer and embroidery.
researching and writing about them
 At 13 or 14, she is ready to marry, her
 3 decades later he left priesthood and
parents ask for a big dowry
marry Yam-ay, a Hanunuo Mangyan
 “binukot” similar to princess in Panay
 October 22, he succumbed to kidney
Bukidnon tribe of Iloilo Province.
and heart failure, 87
 Grown up to become a fair-
 Wife, Yam-ay Insik
complexioned, fail and long haired
 Children, Anya, Sagangsang, Yangan, woman who brings prestige to her
Ambay and grandchildren family
Indegenous Philosophy and Worldviews  Garangan, Calinog, Iloilo Province
 Cultural master and wife of Gawad
 Knowledge is holistic, cyclic, and Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA)
dependent upon relationships and awardee Frederico Caballero
connections to living and non-living  Binukot embroidery called “panubok”
beings and entities.
 There are many truths, and these Tribal Culture
truths are dependent upon individual
 Each design of the panubok has a story
experiences.
and meaning, culled from the tribes
 Everything is alive.
rich culture
 All things are equal.
 Garbed in the traditional costume of
 The land is sacred. rich red emblazoned with panubok;
 The relationship between people and jewelry made from coins strung
the spiritual world is important. together; a headdress also made of old
 Human beings are the least important coins, and layers of “patadyong”, a
in the world. colorful tribal cloth.
Law of Reversion  GAMABA Learning Center, one of the
schools of living tradition in the
Batas ng panunumbalik which explains that mountain of Iloilo, where she and her
man in his thoughts, for as he think so he is. family pass on knowledge of the culture
To simply put it, if man thinks he would be to younger “tumandok” or tribe
something, he would be something. members
Balance of Nature School of Living Tradition
Balance between the good and bad, beauty  Children learn not science, math,
and ugliness, positive and negative traits. English, filipino and civics, but their
Everyone has his own share or pleasure and epic chants.
pain, success and failure, bliss and tears.  Oral tradition called “sugidanon” which
uses archaic language and traditionally
Cyclic Concept of Nature
chanted while lying down in a
Nature is characterized by a cyclic design, a hammock, the longest in Asia.
process of appearance and disappearance,  Chants tell stories about legendary
growth and decay, union and separation, warriors of the tribe and their heroic
generation and destruction. exploits. There are stories about a dog
with extraordinary powers, a strange-
Centripetal Morality looking bamboo tree, a man-eating with
A morality which tends towards having the and a hermit who accepts two girls as
self (sariling pagkatao) as an “anchor”. payment for a misdeed.
 The maidens are locked down in a
Value of Non-Violence golden chamber, cared for and become
Filipinos in general regards as priceless the binukot
value of peace and reconciliation, harmony  Dance called “binanog” a courtship
and brotherhood, and love for one another. dance that mimics the flight of a mighty
bird and that involves the use of
Concept of Life and Death scarves or a piece of cloth to catch or
elude a partner
 Learn their tribes lore, including 48
phases of moon and names of the
constellations
 Learn to read sky and predicts weather
Sino si Merly Suday Ilocano’s Inabel
29, Bukidnon Tribe Sustainable Livelihood  take center stages in Milan Fashion
Champion Week
 rebith of 1,000-year old tradition
 First among the Daraghuyan of
(batok)
Malaybalay, Bukidnon to have
 binatbatan festival 2021
graduated from College
 She is now being trained to become the Music and Dance
“Bae” or female leader of their tribe,
following the steps of Bae Inatlawan The earliest art forms in the Philippines that
have not yet been somewhat penetrated by
Convenor Western influences.
In her aim of fostering harmony among the  Igorot war dance, Igorot funeral dance,
Seven Tribes of Bukidnon, she convened all Igorot victory dance
tribal youth leaders and created a series of
developmental workshops for them. Indigenous Peoples Decorate their Everyday
Implements with Art.
Steward
 Wood carving, Moro brass, Moro’s
Suday has always been invested in sustaining bumbong, Moro’s weaponry
her community through livelihood, and she
shared that the concept of sustainability is in TRUE OR FALSE
fact ingrained in IP culture. “Dream ng tribo 1. There is dichotomy of the artist and society.
naming sa Bukidnon to reforest yung areas na
kalbo na. ang bundok ay ang siyang buhay ng 2. The community is involved in the work of
mga katutubo” art; thus, one artist is always recognized and
remains known most of the time.
Online Seller
3. Process of creation is valued over the work
In order to strengthen reforestation efforts, of art.
Suday works as a technical assistant at
Hineleban Foundation, an organization 4. There are rigid standards that dictates
committed to reforesting the mountain ranges materials, forms or techniques.
of Mindanao and transforming lives through
agricultural livelihood for the different 5. Art is separated from its other values and
Bukidnon tribes. They also have an online functions such as “Religious, Social and
store where they sell coffee, adlai, yacon Ecological Concers”
syrup, turmeric, honey, as well as arts and
crafts.
Sino si Chad Booc
Coffee Lover
Booc and his companions were headed back
Suday promotes coffee planting among IP to Davao City after visiting a community in
youth. “ sa kape, may forever dahil sa umpisa New Bataan, according to Save our Schools
kailangan mo talaga mag-effort para (SOS) Network, a nongovernmental
makapagtanim ka ng kape. Pero pagkatapos organization involved in providing nonformal
ng iyong paghihirap, andyan na yan permi sa education to indigenous peoples’
iyo, you just need to love and care para ito ay communities.
productive.”
The Military’s Account
Soil Painter
Brig.Gen. Jesus Durante III, commander of
Another project of Suday is the Daraghuyan the Army’s 1001st Infantry Brigade, all the five
Tribal Store, which showcases the killed belonged to the Regional Operations
community’s products such as honey, Command of the NPA’s Southern Mindanao
essential oils, clay and bead jewelries, Regional Committee.
carvings and soil paintings. Suday herself is a
soil painter, and her love for nature shines not Citing a report from the Army’s 10th Infantry
only through her material but also in how her Division, the Civil Relations Service of the
art focuses on landscapes and seascapes. Armed Forces of the Philippines said the 15-
minute gunfight with the troops of the 1001st
Active Young Leader Infantry Brigade happened in Barangay Andap
As an active young leader, suday also of New Bataan town.
promotes her tribe’s products through the ‘Intent to kill’: the Booc Autopsy
various conferences she attends, because she
would like to show others that Ips are here to Dr. Raquel Fortun on Friday said that based
stay, their culture as everlasting as the on the preliminary findings from the autopsy
mountains that provide their livelihood. on Monday this week, Booc suffered multiple
gunshots to the body, including one that
Art vs. Craft Controversy smashed his right elbow.
That these indigenous masterpieces have been The math and science teacher suffered
“downgrade” by outsiders to merely crafts or internal hemorrhages after bullets lacerated
handicrafts that are only worthy of being sold his lungs, diaphragm, liver, spleen, stomach,
in tourist shops. intestines, right kidney and right adrenal
gland. Fortune also found fractures on the rib Language Convergence
and thoracic vertebrate and his spinal cord
was transected, or cut. A type of linguistic change in which languages
come to resemble one another structurally as
Victim or Villain? a result of prolonged language contact and
mutual interference, regardless of whether
 Bakwit 7 those languages belong to the same language
 New Bataan 5 Massacre family, i.e. stem from a common genealogical
Who are Lumad? proto-language.

 There are 14.7 million indigenous Factors Influenced IP Languages’ Death or

peoples in the Philippines Abandonment
 61% of those are Lumad  Utilization of national or official
 There are about 18% of the country’s language in educational institutions
population  The need to communicate to non-IP
 They are the largest indigenous results in frequent borrowing from
population in the Philippines dominant languages in the region.
Some Lumad Groups Indigenous Peoples Language
Ata, Bagobo, Blaan, Bukidnon, Dibabawan, The language spoken uniquely by a group of
Higaonon, Mamanwa, Mandaya, people who affiliates with a particular
Manguwangan, Manobo, Mansaka, Subanen, indigenous group and/or with origins in the
Tagakaolo, Tasaday, Tboli, Tiruray, Ubo particular group.
Some facts about Lumad and their schools IP language particularly used
 9 out of 10 Lumad children have no  As a mother tongue;
access to education  As the habitual means of
 233 alternative schools provide communication at home or in the
education to Lumad youth and children family; or
 27 DepEd-accredited alternative  As the main, preferred, habitual,
schools that were forcibly closed general, or considered normal language
 89 schools allegedly affected by military
encampment and indiscriminate firing Constant Threats to the Preservation and
 2,624 affected Lumad students Conservation of the IP language

Alleged Rights Violations Against the  National Language

Lumad  Dominant Regional Language

 Aerial bombing National Language

 Intimidation and harassment  The official language/s adopted by a
 Destruction of school facilities particular state of nation
 Use of school facilities for military
operations Dominant Regional Language
 3,000 Lumad evacuees
 The language spoken by dominant
 7 alleged school-related killings ethno-linguistic groups in a particular
geographical location

Indigenous Languages Should IP language be considered second-

rate or indifferent?
 Linguistic diversity enriches our human
ecology; No, IP language is a significant part of
 Languages are expressions of identity; indigenous peoples’ ways of life, culture, and
 Languages are repositories of history; identity.
 Languages contribute to the sum of Language Embody
human knowledge and each language
provides a matrix of wisdom of a A particular language embodies the ideas,
particular group of people; beliefs, values and abstraction that contain
 Languages are interesting subjects in their sense of:
their own right.
 History
Status of IP Language  Psychology and mindset
 Understanding of the world
 Abandoned  Spirituality
 Extinct  The vision of their community
Cause of Abandonment and Extinction of IP The Philippines is considered to be one of the
languages richest sources of linguistic diversity in the
 Language convergence world. What factors brought this diversity?
 Natural death  Archipelagic character of the country
 Natural processes
According to McFarland Linguistic Diversity in Lapat
the Philippines is a result of Natural
processes. How it is possible?  closed section of forest
 due to cultural and spiritual beliefs
 Language change  for a specific period of time
 Divergence between linguistic  rejuvenation of Biodiversity
communities caused by lack of
communication Uma
 Converse convergence affected by a  swidden farm
high rate of communication between  terraced rice fields
communities
 planted with staple food
What does McFarland mean by CONVERSE  privately-held lands
CONVERGENCE?
 The people of the Philippines are
Indigenous Filipino Psychology
experiencing a period of language
convergence, marked by high levels of Mangyan meter
borrowing from large languages such as
English, Tagalog, as well as from  avoid saying bad words to other
regionally important languages. In this  observe “pakikiramay” to an offended or
process, for a better or worse, some bereaved neighbor
languages are abandoned altogether  observe “bayanihan”
and become extinct.  have close friends or “barkada”
 participate in “sandugo” to prove your
Status of Philippine IP Languages loyalty
 Individual languages in PH is 187.  believe in superstitious beliefs
 183- living  the parents decide for your spouse-to-
 4 extinct be
 believe that the opinions of men be
Of the living languages given more weight than women
 believe in the wisdom of the old
 175- indigenous
 confrontational type of person
 8- non-indigenous
Mangyan Values
Furthermore
First tribal and American couple in PH
 41- institutional
 73- developing  the love story of Shem and Jenessa
 45- vigorous
 13- trouble
 11 dying
 4- extinct
IP Customary Laws
Cordilleran Customary Laws
Bodong - peace compact among neighboring
tribes
Ili – center of governance
Dumapat – traditional irrigation association
Amam-a – council of elders
Abong – physical location of Ili

Indigenous Livelihood and Technology

Land Classification: Cordilleran Experience
Muyong
 private-owned woodlot
 as farm lots
 for timber and firewood
 managed by a single family
Tayan
 corporate type of land management
 forested land
 managed by clan
 for timber, firewood, & hunting