Old Is Gold

Abstract.
The preparation of solution experiment was designed to enable participants to prepare solutions using
standard equipment, to prepare solutions using the dilution method, to prepare solutions with various
molar concentrations, and to fully comprehend the concept of molarity in mathematics. The experiment
was conducted using common tools (glassware) and the dilution and titration methods at room
temperature. Calculating the molar concentrations of the solutions used the methods that were applied.
According to the overall findings, the concentration of sodium carbonate was 0.05M, the concentration
of hydrochloric acid was 0.1M, the actual molarity of NaOH was 0.1M, and its theoretical molarity was
0.06M. Due to the hygroscopic nature of NaOH, this demonstrates that the actual and theoretical
molarities of NaOH were different.
The purpose of the solution preparation experiment was to provide participants the opportunity to
make solutions using ordinary tools, to make solutions using the dilution method, to make solutions with
different molar concentrations, and to make sure they completely understood the mathematical notion
of molarity. The experiment was carried out at room temperature utilizing simple equipment
(glassware) and the dilution and titration methods. The techniques used to determine the molar
concentrations of the solutions. The sodium carbonate concentration was 0.05M, the hydrochloric acid
concentration was 0.1M, the actual molarity of the sodium hydroxide was 0.1M, and the theoretical
molarity of the sodium hydroxide was 0.06M, according to the overall findings. This shows that the real
and theoretical molarities of NaOH were different because of the hygroscopic nature of NaOH.
Conclusion.
The concentration of the solution could be impacted by a number of variables. Solution preparation
comes first. Based on the findings of this experiment, it is preferable, if a choice is available, to make a
solution through dilution as opposed to dissolving a solid reagent. Furthermore, the correct titration
technique must be followed. To get a more precise solution concentration, you must not overtitrate the
solution. Additionally, the experiment led us to the conclusion that a solution's molarity can be
determined by looking at it because molarity and color are related. A color's intensity increases as a
solution's molarity rises, and a color's intensity drops as a solution's molarity falls.
Discussion.
One whose precise concentration is known is referred to as a standard solution. By weighing a mass of
the solid and dissolving it in a known volume of solution, a standard solution of that solid can be
created. Sodium carbonate standard solution was made in part A of this experiment. Then, part B will
use it.
Titration is used to measure the concentration of diluted hydrochloric acid using the standard solution
sodium carbonate generated in part A. The standard solution of sodium carbonate must be obtained,
therefore this is crucial. Acid standardization is another name for this process.
Several recommendations have been made for this experiment, including the need to weigh sodium
carbonate solid more than twice to obtain accurate results and average outcome. This will improve the
value's precision at the experiment's conclusion.
Titration is a method for figuring out the amount of a drug in a sample or its concentration in a solution
with an unknown molarity. For this, a chemical reaction is used, and the reaction must to happen
quickly, completely, and with a clear end in sight. These conditions are typically met by the reaction of
strong acids and bases, and acid-base titration is one of the most significant applications of this
approach. Sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid are the sample materials in this experiment. While
the concentration of hydrochloric acid is unknown, the base substance sodium carbonate also contains
hydrochloric acid. As a result of the concentration of the base is 0.05.In this experiment, we employed
phenolphthalein indicator, which serves as a signal to indicate when the titration should finish. The
solution in the volumetric flask will turn light pink at the end point if base is used as the titrant and acid
is used as the solution. If we use base as the solution and acid as the titrant in the volumetric flask, the
solution will eventually become colorless. Since we are using acid as a titrant, the solution for this
experiment ranges from light pink to colorless.
The sodium carbonate solution has a 0.1M molarity based on the experiment that we conducted. The
molarity of the hydrochloric acid is also 0.1M, thus if we double the mass of the acid from the reaction,
it will have the same molarity as well. However, sodium hydroxide's theoretical molarity is only 0.06M
while its actual molarity is 0.1M. This is because, when measuring solid NaOH, the compound's mass
changes due to its hygroscopic nature, which causes it to absorb moisture from the atmosphere. As a
result, the theoretical molarity of NaOH is lower than the actual concentration because of this.During
this experiment, take some safety precautions. All equipment must first be rinsed with distilled water.
Make sure to accurately measure the volume of the solution when making a dilution solution. To
prevent any mistakes when taking the reading, make sure the burette's solution flows very slowly. Open
the stopcock for a while and allow a small amount of solution to flow to ensure there are no air bubbles
in the burette. In addition, we may assert that dilution or the use of liquid reagents is a more accurate
method of solution preparation than the use of solid reagents. This can be confirmed by comparing the
average percent deviation of the HCl solution, which is 87%, to the average percent deviation of the
NaOH solution, which is 183.33%.
Introduction
Most often used reagents in laboratories are solutions. A solution is created when a solute is dissolved in
another solvent, the solvent. Titration is thus the most practical method for conducting quantitative
research of acid-base neutralization processes. In titration, a solution with a precisely known
concentration, or standard solution, is progressively added to another solution with an unknown
concentration, and this process continues until the chemical reaction between the two solutions is
complete. Chemists frequently use the titration method to measure the concentration of a certain
solute in a solution. Titration involves mixing a sample of the solution with a standard solution, which is
a reagent solution with a known concentration.

Old Is Gold

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