Philosophy
Philosophy
Ibana
11-Courage
After 17 years of living. I still don't have life figured out, and I doubt I ever will, but age
has given me some knowledge, and hopefully, I've learned a few things in all that time. I don't
have just one life philosophy, but more than one and they all influence who I am now.
a question that we all deal with, why are we here, what is the point of life? There's the thought
that our reason in life is as it was known by God. That he has chosen it for some time recently we
were ever born but I still attempt my best to get the more profound meaning of life and how to
that learn when to talk and how to tune in. It is no surprise the foremost individuals don’t know
without considering. We have two ears and one mouth for a reason and on best of that, we have a
ears to rage on.
Listening is also a pathway for new knowledge. People tend to speak more and think less,
more words doesn't mean deeper meaning. Dalai Lama once said *When you talk, you are only
repeating what you already know, but when you listen, you may learn something new".
We've been blessed with the gift of talking and the gift of language. The gift of being
able to express our feelings. emotions. ideas or plans into something called words. But as with
every gift, overusing it may lead to unexpected results. Speaking and listening in a balanced way
are imperative in our world. The noise of useless words that many of us are throwing away in an
attempt to get a grip on someone else's attention, creates a thick fog that makes it really difficult
to actually understand each other Ironically the more we talk the less we're gble to communicate.
We often open our mouth without really knowing what we're going to say. Sometimes we
improvise and it may turn out right. But most of the time, we're just shouting randomly about a
The result: no one really listen to us.Before you respond, no matter how urgent the
answer may look. Think for a while. Keep in mind the thought that you really have has many
options, not just one. Ponder and your answer will not only be well thought out but people will
be more apt to listen. The "need for speed" in our modern world often forces us to simplify our
interactions, to the point where they become useless. Based on just a few words, or a few
sentences, we often create a perspective on some thing or some person, which may simply be
inaccurate because we didn't take the time to actually listen listening means not only giving to
the omer the ume to Tinish their speecn. Out also the exercise of "borrowing" their perspective.
The next thing about my philosophy of life is a proper attitude what means that I have a
lot of faith in myself and I am taking challenges with believing in final success. Optimism is very
important in man's life and we cannot forget about it, because it helps in bearing up with
difficulties.
My philosophy of life tells that I always have to be myself and listen to my heart as much
as I listen to my mind and to play along with the voice of my conscience. I believe, that man
should develop himself, every time try to experience something new and always use an
Philosopher Aristotle
embedded in Western thinking.
Aristotle’s intellectual range was vast, covering most of the sciences and many of the arts,
including biology, botany, chemistry, ethics, history, logic, metaphysics, rhetoric, philosophy of
the founder of formal logic, devising for it a finished system that for centuries was regarded as
the sum of the discipline; and he pioneered the study of zoology, both observational and
theoretical, in which some of his work remained unsurpassed until the 19th century. But he is, of
course, most outstanding as a philosopher. His writings in ethics and political theory as well as
in metaphysics and the philosophy of science continue to be studied, and his work remains a
This article deals with Aristotle’s life and thought. For the later development of
Aristotle life
Macedonia and grandfather of Alexander the Great(reigned 336–323 BCE). After his father’s
death in 367, Aristotle migrated to Athens, where he joined the Academy of Plato (c. 428–c.
Many of Plato’s later dialogues date from these decades, and they may reflect Aristotle’s
contributions to philosophical debate at the Academy. Some of Aristotle’s writings also belong to
this period, though mostly they survive only in fragments. Like his master, Aristotle wrote
dialogue Eudemus, for example, reflects the Platonic view of the soul as imprisoned in the body
and as capable of a happier life only when the body has been left behind. According to Aristotle,
the dead are more blessed and happier than the living, and to die is to return to one’s real home.
modern scholars from quotations in various works from late antiquity. Everyone must do
philosophy, Aristotle claims, because even arguing against the practice of philosophy is itself a
form of philosophizing. The best form of philosophy is the contemplation of the universe of
nature; it is for this purpose that God made human beings and gave them a godlike intellect. All
the Topics and the Sophistical Refutations, belong to this early period. The former demonstrates
how to construct arguments for a position one has already decided to adopt; the latter shows how
systematic treatise on formal logic, Aristotle can justly say, at the end of the Sophistical
Refutations, that he has invented the discipline of logic—nothing at all existed when he started.
During Aristotle’s residence at the Academy, King Philip II of Macedonia (reigned 359–
Philip to become, by 338, master of the Greek world. It cannot have been an easy time to be a
Within the Academy, however, relations seem to have remained cordial. Aristotle always
acknowledged a great debt to Plato; he took a large part of his philosophical agenda from Plato,
and his teaching is more often a modification than a repudiation of Plato’s doctrines. Already,
however, Aristotle was beginning to distance himself from Plato’s theory of Forms, or Ideas
often capitalized in the scholarly literature; when used to refer to forms as Aristotle conceived
them, it is conventionally lowercased.) Plato had held that, in addition to particular things, there
exists a suprasensible realm of Forms, which are immutable and everlasting. This realm, he
maintained, makes particular things intelligible by accounting for their common natures: a thing
is a horse, for example, by virtue of the fact that it shares in, or imitates, the Form of “Horse.” In
a lost work, On Ideas, Aristotle maintains that the arguments of Plato’s central dialogues
establish only that there are, in addition to particulars, certain common objects of the sciences. In
his surviving works as well, Aristotle often takes issue with the theory of Forms, sometimes
politely and sometimes contemptuously. In his Metaphysics he argues that the theory fails to
because immutable and everlasting Forms cannot explain how particulars come into existence
and undergo change. All the theory does, according to Aristotle, is introduce new entities equal in
When Plato died about 348, his nephew Speusippus became head of the Academy, and
Aristotle left Athens. He migrated to Assus, a city on the northwestern coast of Anatolia (in
present-day Turkey), where Hermias, a graduate of the Academy, was ruler. Aristotle became a
close friend of Hermias and eventually married his ward Pythias. Aristotle helped Hermias to
negotiate an alliance with Macedonia, which angered the Persian king, who had Hermias
treacherously arrested and put to death about 341. Aristotle saluted Hermias’s memory in “Ode
While in Assus and during the subsequent few years when he lived in the city of Mytilene
on the island of Lesbos, Aristotle carried out extensive scientific research, particularly in zoology
and marine biology. This work was summarized in a book later known, misleadingly, as The
History of Animals, to which Aristotle added two short treatises, On the Parts of Animals and On
the Generation of Animals. Although Aristotle did not claim to have founded the science of
zoology, his detailed observations of a wide variety of organisms were quite without precedent.
He—or one of his research assistants—must have been gifted with remarkably acute eyesight,
since some of the features of insects that he accurately reports were not again observed until the
the classification of animals into genus and species; more than 500 species figure in his treatises,
many of them described in detail. The myriad items of information about the anatomy, diet,
habitat, modes of copulation, and reproductive systems of mammals, reptiles, fish, and insects
are a melange of minute investigation and vestiges of superstition. In some cases his unlikely
stories about rare species of fish were proved accurate many centuries later. In other places he
states clearly and fairly a biological problem that took millennia to solve, such as the nature of
embryonic development.
stupendous achievement. His inquiries were conducted in a genuinely scientific spirit, and he
conflict between theory and observation, one must trust observation, he insisted, and theories are
In 343 or 342 Aristotle was summoned by Philip II to the Macedonian capital at Pella to
act as tutor to Philip’s 13-year-old son, the future Alexander the Great. Little is known of the
Aristotelian corpus for centuries, it is now commonly regarded as a forgery. By 326 Alexander
had made himself master of an empire that stretched from the Danube to the Indus and included
Libya and Egypt. Ancient sources report that during his campaigns Alexander arranged for
biological specimensto be sent to his tutor from all parts of Greece and Asia Minor.
After the death of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C., anti-Macedonian sentiment again
forced Aristotle to flee Athens. He died a little north of the city in 322, of a digestive complaint.
He asked to be buried next to his wife, who had died some years before. In his last years he had a
relationship with his slave Herpyllis, who bore him Nicomachus, the son for whom his great
Aristotle’s favored students took over the Lyceum, but within a few decades the school’s
influence had faded in comparison to the rival Academy. For several generations Aristotle’s
works were all but forgotten. The historian Strabo says they were stored for centuries in a moldy
cellar in Asia Minor before their rediscovery in the first century B.C., though it is unlikely that
In 30 B.C. Andronicus of Rhodes grouped and edited Aristotle’s remaining works in what
became the basis for all later editions. After the fall of Rome, Aristotle was still read in
Byzantium and became well-known in the Islamic world, where thinkers like Avicenna (970-
1037), Averroes (1126-1204) and the Jewish scholar Maimonodes (1134-1204) revitalized
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