Q4 - STEM - Basic Calculus - Week 8

Learning Area Basic Calculus Grade Level Grade 12
W8 Quarter Quarter 4 Date June 2021

I. LESSON TITLE Areas of Plane Regions Using Definite Integrals
II. MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING The learners compute the area of a plane region using the definite
COMPETENCIES (MELCs) integral
III. CONTENT/CORE CONTENT The learners demonstrate an understanding of antiderivatives and
Riemann integral
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
I. Introduction (Time Frame: _____30 minutes___)
Before we further proceed with our discussion, let us have these review exercises by evaluating the following integrals.
2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1. ∫ 𝑑𝑥 4. ∫
1+𝑥 2 √𝑥(1+√𝑥)2
𝑥2
2. ∫ 4 𝑑𝑥 5. ∫(sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 3+2
cos 𝑥
3. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1+sin 𝑥
We have learned how to evaluate definite integrals. One of the many applications of the evaluation of definite integrals is
in determining the areas of plane regions bounded by curves.
𝑏
Consider a continuous function f. If the graph of y = f(x) over the interval [a, b] lies entirely above the x-axis, then ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
gives the area of the region bounded by the curves y = f(x), the x-axis, and the vertical lines x = a and x = b. This is illustrated in
the figure below:
Example 1: Find the area of the plane region bounded by y = 3x + 1, x = 1, x = 3, and the x-axis.
Solution: The graph of the plane region is shown in the figure below.
This plane region is clearly in the first quadrant of the Cartesian plane (see figure above) and hence immediately from the
previous discussion, we obtain
𝑏
𝐴𝑅 = ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
3
= ∫1 (3𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑥
Evaluating the integral and applying the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, we get
3
𝐴𝑅 = ∫1 (3𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥
3
3𝑥 2
=( + 𝑥)|
2 1
3𝑥 2 3
= ( + 3) − ( + 1)
3 2
= 14 square units
3
Recall that in the previous discussion, we evaluated ∫1 (3𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥 and got the value 14. As we previously mentioned, this is the
reason why we use the same symbol since antiderivatives are intimately related to finding the areas below curves.
Example 2: Find the area of the plane region bounded above by y = 1 - |x -1| and below by the x-axis.
Solution: The graph of the plane region is shown below.
Observe that the line from the point (0,0) to (1,1) is given by y = 1 – [-x – 1)] = x and the line from the point (1, 1) to (0, 2) is
given by y = 1 – (x – 1) = 2 – x.
Clearly, we have two subregions here, Region 1 (R1) which is bounded above by y = x, and Region 2 (R2) which is bounded by
y = 2 – x.
Hence, the area of the entire plane region is given by

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑅1 + 𝐴𝑅2
1 2
= ∫0 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫1 (2 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
1 2
𝑥2 𝑥2
= [ ] + [2𝑥 − ]
2 0 2 1
12 02 22 12
= − + [2(2) − ]− [2(1) − ]
2 2 2 2
= 1 square unit
D. Development (Time Frame: _____30 minutes___)

We now generalize the problem from finding the area of the region bounded by above by a curve and below by the x-
axis to finding the area of a plane region bounded by several curves (such as the one shown below).
The height or distance between two curves at x is

h = (y-coordinate of the upper curve) - (y-coordinate of the lower curve).
Now, if y = f(x) is the upper curve and y = g(x) is the lower curve, then
h = f(x) - g(x).
Sample 1: Find the area of the plane region bounded by the curves y = x2 – 2 and y = x.
Solution:
We start by finding the points of intersection of the two curves. Substituting y = x into y = x2 – 2, we obtain
x = x2 – 2
⇒ 0 = 𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 2
⇒ 0 = (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 1)
Thus, we have x = 2 or x = -1. When x = 2, y = 2 while when x = -1. Hence, we have the points of intersection (2, 2) and (-1, -1).
Hence, we have the points of intersection (2, 2) and (-1, -1). The graphs of the two curves, along with their points of
intersection, are shown below.
The function f(x) – g(x) will be x – (x2 -2). Our interval is I = [-1, 2] and so a = -1 and b = 2. Therefore, the area of the plane
region is
𝑏
𝐴𝑅 = ∫𝑎 [𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥
2
= ∫−1[𝑥 − (𝑥 2 − 2)]𝑑𝑥
2
𝑥2 𝑥3
= [ − + 2𝑥]
2 3 −1
22 23 −12 (−1)3
=[ − + 2(2)] − [ − + 2(−1)]
2 3 2 3
8 1 −1
= [2 − + 4] − [ − − 2]
3 2 3
9
= 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
2
Sample 2: Find the area of the plane region bounded by the curves y = x2, x = -1, x = 2, and y = -1.
Solution:
First, we find the points of intersection of the curves. With respect to the curves y = x 2 and x = -1, we have
y = (-1)2 = 1
Hence, these curves intersect at the point (-1, 1) For the curves y = x2 and x = 2, we have
y = 22 = 4
Thus, they intersect at the point (2, 4). Now, for the curves x = -1 and y = -1, they intersect at (-1, -1) While for x = 2 and y = -1,
they intersect at (2, -1). The graphs of these curves ae shown below and the required region is shaded.
The function f(x) – g(x) will be x2 – (-1) = x2 + 1. Our interval is I = [-1, 2] and so a = -1 and b = 2. Therefore, the area of the plane
region is
𝑏 23 −13
𝐴𝑅 = ∫𝑎 [𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥 =[ + 1] − [ − 1]
3 3
2 8 1
= ∫−1(𝑥 2 + 1)𝑑𝑥 = [ + 2] − [ − 1]
3 3
2
𝑥3
= ( + 𝑥)| = 6 square units
3 −1
In the formula for the area of a plane region, the upper curve y = f(x) is always above the lower curve y = g(x) on [a, b].
Hence, the height of any vertical line on the region will always have the same length that is given by the function f(x) – g(x).
E. Engagement (Time Frame: _____60 minutes___)
Activity 1: Find the area of the region bounded by the graphs of

a. x = y2 - 4 and x - 2y = 1.
b. y = 9 - x2 and y = x + 3.
c. 2y2 + 9x = 36 and 14y = 9x.
𝜋
d. y = sin x and y = cos x, x = 0, and x = .
4
e. y = x + sin x and y = x, x = 0, and x = 𝜋
A. Assimilation (Time Frame: _____10 minutes___)
Area between two curves
If f and g are continuous functions on the interval [a,b] and f(x) ≥ g(x) for all x ∈ [a,b], then the area of the region R bounded
above by y = f(x), below by y = g(x), and the vertical lines x = a and x = b is
𝑏
𝐴𝑅 = ∫𝑎 [𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)] 𝑑𝑥
V. ASSESSMENT (Time Frame: _________)
Find the area of the region bounded by x = y2, x = -1, y = 2 and y = -1. (See figure below.)
VI. REFLECTION (Time Frame: _________)

• Communicate your personal assessment as indicated in the Learner’s Assessment Card.
Personal Assessment on Learner’s Level of Performance
Using the symbols below, choose one which best describes your experience in working on each given task. Draw it in the column
for Level of Performance (LP). Be guided by the descriptions below:
 - I was able to do/perform the task without any difficulty. The task helped me in understanding the target content/ lesson.
✓ - I was able to do/perform the task. It was quite challenging, but it still helped me in understanding the target content/lesson.
? – I was not able to do/perform the task. It was extremely difficult. I need additional enrichment activities to be able to do/perform this
task.
Learning Task LP Learning Task LP Learning Task LP Learning Task LP
Number 1 Number 3 Number 5 Number 7
Number 2 Number 4 Number 6 Number 8
VII. REFERENCES TEACHING_GUIDE_FOR_SENIOR_HIGH_SCHOOL_Basic_Calculus_CORE_SUBJECT

Commission_on_Higher_Education_in_collaboration_with_the_Philippine_Normal_University
Prepared by: Rodolfo V. Tria Checked by: Joralie J. Mendoza

Q4 - STEM - Basic Calculus - Week 8

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Learning Area Basic Calculus Grade Level Grade 12

W8 Quarter Quarter 4 Date June 2021

Hence, the area of the entire plane region is given by

D. Development (Time Frame: ___30 minutes_)

The height or distance between two curves at x is

E. Engagement (Time Frame: ___60 minutes_)

Activity 1: Find the area of the region bounded by the graphs of

VI. REFLECTION (Time Frame: _________)

VII. REFERENCES TEACHING_GUIDE_FOR_SENIOR_HIGH_SCHOOL_Basic_Calculus_CORE_SUBJECT

Prepared by: Rodolfo V. Tria Checked by: Joralie J. Mendoza

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