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GRADE 10
CHEMICAL REACTIONS 0123XCRRe40

2 Marks

1 (a) State the law that is followed by balancing a chemical equation.

(b) Balance the following chemical equation: Na + H3O → NaOH +
H2 (Board Term I, 2013)
Answer:
(a) Law of conservation of mass is followed for balancing a chemical
equation which states that mass can neither be created nor destroyed in a
chemical reaction. That is, the total mass of the elements present in the
products of a chemical reaction has to be equal to the total mass of the
elements present in the reactants in a balanced equation.

(b) 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)

2 When hydrogen sulphide gas is passed through a blue solution of
copper sulphate, a black precipitate of copper sulphide is obtained
and the sulphuric acid so formed remains in the solution. The
reaction is an example of a (2020)
(a) combination reaction
(b) displacement reaction
(c) decomposition reaction
(d) double displacement reaction.
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Answer:
(d) CuSO4 + H2S → CuS + H2SO4
It is a double displacement reaction as in this reaction CuSO4 and H2S
reacting by exchange of Cu2+ and H+ ions to from two new compounds
i.e., CuS and H2SO4.
3 Study the following equation of a chemical reaction: (Board Term 1,
2015)
H2 + Cl2 → 2HCl
(i) Identify the type of reaction.
(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation of another example of this
type of reaction.
Answer:
(i) Combination reaction.
(ii) Another example of combination reaction is

4 State the type of chemical reactions, represented by the following

equations : (Board Term I, 2014)
(a) A + BC → AC + B
(b) A + B → C
(c) PQ + RS → PS + RQ
(d) A2O3 + 2B → B2O3 + 2A
Answer:
(a) Displacement reaction.
(b) Combination reaction.
(c) Double displacement reaction.
(d) Displacement reaction or redox reaction.
5 1 g of copper powder was taken in a China dish and heated. What
change takes place on heating? When hydrogen gas is passed over
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this heated substance, a visible change is seen in it. Give the chemical
equations of reactions, the name and the colour of the products
formed in each case. (2020)
Answer:
When copper powder is heated in a China dish, the reddish brown surface
of copper powder becomes coated with a black substance which is copper
oxide.

When hydrogen gas is passed over CuO, the black coating on the surface
turned reddish brown due to the formation of Cu.

6 Identify the type of reaction(s) in the following equations.

(i)CH4 + 2O2 ——–> CO2 + 2 H2O
(ii) Pb(NO3)2 + 2KI ——–>Pbl2 + 2KNO3
(iii) CaO + H2O ——–> Ca(OH)2
(iv) CuSO4 + Zn ——–> ZnSO4 + Cu
Answer.
(i) Combustion reaction and oxidation reaction.
(ii)Double displacement reaction and precipitation reaction.
(iii) Combination reaction.
(iv) Displacement reaction
7 What is the colour of ferrous sulphate crystals? How does this colour
change after heating? Give an example each for thermal
decomposition and photochemical decomposition reactions. Write
relevant balanced chemical equations also
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Answer:The colour of ferrous sulphate is pale green. The colour changes

to reddish brown on heating due to formation of iron (III) oxide.
Thermal decomposition reaction

Photochemical decomposition reaction:

8 Why does the colour of copper sulphate solution change when an

iron nail is dipped in it? Write two observations.
Answer. It is because displacement reaction takes place.
Iron displaces copper from copper sulphate solution and forms pale green
coloured solution of FeS04 and reddish brown copper metal gets
deposited.
Fe(s) + CuS04(aq) ——–> FeS04(aq) + Cu(s)
9 A zinc plate was put into a solution of copper sulphate kept in a glass
container. It was found that blue colour of the solution gets fader and
fader with the passage of time. After few days, when zinc plate was
taken out of the solution, a number of holes were observed on it.
(i) State the reason for changes observed on the zinc plate.
(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction involved.
Answer.
(i) It is because zinc has displaced copper from CuS04. Zinc metal
has been used to form zinc sulphate, therefore, number of holes
were observed.
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10 In electrolysis of water, why is the volume of gas collected over one

electrode double that of gas collected over the other electrode?
Answer. It is because water contains hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of
2 : 1.
11 State one basic difference between a physical change and a chemical
change.
Answer. In physical change, no new substance is formed, whereas in a
chemical change, new substance(s) is/are formed

12 What happens when food materials containing fats and oils are left
for a long time? List two observable changes and suggest three ways
by which this phenomenon can be prevented. (2020)
Answer:
Food materials containing fats and oils change their taste and smell due
to a process called rancidity. Rancidity is a process in which air reacts
with fats and oils which changes the smell and taste of food.
Methods of prevention:
Vacuum packing, refrigeration of food materials, placing of food
materials, away from direct sunlight.
3 Mark

1 Write balanced chemical equations for the following chemical

reactions:
(a) Hydrogen + Chlorine → Hydrogen chloride
(b) Lead + Copper chloride → Lead chloride + Copper
(c) Zinc oxide + Carbon → Zinc + Carbon monoxide (Board Term I,
2014)
Answer:
(a) H2(g) + Cl2(g) → 2HCl(g)
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(b) Pb(s) + CuCl2(aq) → PbCl2(aq)+ Cu(s)

(c) ZnO(s) + C(s) → Zn(s) + CO(g)
2 Mention with reason the colour changes observe when:
(i) silver chloride is exposed to sunlight.
(ii) copper powder is strongly heated in the presence of oxygen.
(iii) a piece of zinc is dropped in copper sulphate solution. (2020)
Answer:
(i) When white silver chloride is left exposed to sunlight, its colour
changes to grey as it decomposes to silver in the presence of sunlight.
This type of reaction is called photodecomposition reaction.

(ii) When copper powder is strongly heated in presence of oxygen, the

reddish brown surface of copper powder becomes coated with a black
substance which is copper oxide.

(iii) When a piece of zinc is dropped in copper sulphate solution, then the
blue colour of copper sulphate fades gradually due to the formation of
colourless zinc sulphate solution and reddish brown copper metal gets
deposited on zinc piece.

3 Lead nitrate solution is added to a test tube containing potassium

iodide solution.
(a) Write the name and colour of the compound precipitated.
(b) Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction involved.
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(c) Name the type of this reaction justifying your answer. (2020)
Answer:
(a) When lead nitrate is added to potassium iodide then yellow precipitate
of lead iodide is formed along with potassium nitrate.
(b) Balanced chemical reaction is as follows :

(c) This type of reaction is called precipitation reaction in which one of

the products formed is an insoluble substance or this is also called double
displacement reaction.
4 2 g of ferrous sulphate crystals are heated in a dry boiling tube. (Al
2019, Board Term 1, 2017, 2016)
(a) List any two observations.
(b) Name the type of chemical reaction taking place.
(c) Write balanced chemical equation for the reaction and name the
products formed.
Answer:
(a) Ferrous sulphate crystals (FeSO4.7H2O) lose water when heated and
the colour of the crystals changes. It then decomposes to ferric oxide
(Fe2O3), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and sulphur trioxide (SO3) with a smell
of burning sulphur.
(b) This is a thermal decomposition reaction.

5. Write the chemical equation of the reaction in which the following

changes have taken place with an example of each:
(i) Change in colour
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(ii) Change in temperature

(iii) Formation of precipitate
Answer.
(i)Cu (s) + 2AgNO3 (aq)———–> Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag
The solution will become blue in colour and shiny silver metal will be
deposited.
(ii) NaOH + HCl ———–> NaCl + H2O+ heat
The temperature will increase because heat will be evolved.
(iii) Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + 2KI (aq)———–> Pbl2 (s) + 2KNO3 (aq)
Yellow ppt
Yellow precipitate of Pbl2will be formed.
6 What is rancidity? Mention any two ways by which rancidity can be
prevented.
Answer. The process in which taste and smell of food gets spoiled is
called rancidity. It happens due to oxidation.
Prevention from rancidity:
(i) Antioxidants are added to fatty acids to prevent oxidation, e.g. chips
are packed in presence of nitrogen gas which prevents spoilage by
oxidation.
(ii)Food should be kept in airtight container in refrigerator.

7 What is redox reaction? Identify the substance oxidised and the

substance reduced in the following reactions.
(i)2PbO + C —–> 2Pb + CO2
(ii)MnO2 + 4HCl —–> MnCl2 + 2H20 + Cl2
Answer. Those reactions in which oxidation and reduction takes place
simultaneously are called redox reactions.
(i) PbO is getting reduced and C is getting oxidised.
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(ii) MnOs is getting reduced and HCl is getting oxidised

8 Decomposition reactions require energy either in the form of heat or

light or electricity for breaking down the reactants. Write one
equation each for decomposition reactions where energy is supplied
in the form of heat, light and electricity. (2018)
Answer:
Decomposition reaction involving absorption of heat:

Decomposition reaction involving absorption of light:

Decomposition reaction involving absorption of electrical energy:

9 Name the type of chemical reaction represented by the following

equation: (Board Term I, 2016)
(i) CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2
(ii) 3BaCl2 + Al2(SO4)3 → 2AlCl3 + 3BaSO4

Answer:
(i) Combination reaction.
(ii) Precipitation reaction or double displacement reaction.
(iii) Thermal decomposition reaction.
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5 Mark

1 Mention the type of chemical reaction that takes place when: (Board
Term I, 2013)
(i) a magnesium ribbon is burnt in air.
(ii) limestone is heated.
(iii) silver bromide is exposed to sunlight.
(iv) electricity is passed through acidified water.
(v) ammonia and hydrogen chloride are mixed with each other.
ANS:

This is a combination reaction.

This is a thermal decomposition reaction.

This is a photo decomposition reaction

This is electrolytic decomposition reaction.

This is a combination reaction.

2 (a) Define a balanced chemical equation. Why should an equation be
balanced?
(b) Write the balanced chemical equation for the following reaction:
(i) Phosphorus burns in presence of chlorine to form phosphorus penta
chloride.
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(ii) Burning of natural gas.

(iii) The process of respiration.
Answer.
(a) Balanced chemical equation has an equal number of atoms of different
elements in the reactants and products. According to law of conservation of
mass, matter can neither be created nor be destroyed in a chemical reaction.
(b)(i) P4 (s) + 10Cl2 (g) ———> 4PCl5 (S)
(i)CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g) ———> CO2 (g) + 2H2O(l) + heat energy
(iii) C6H12O6 (s) + 6O2 (g) + 6H2O ———> 6CO2 (aq) + 12H2O (l) + energy

3 (a) Write one example for each of decomposion reaction carried out
with help of
(i) Electricity (ii) Heat (iii) Light
(b) Which of the following statements is correct and why copper can
displace silver from silver nitrate and silver can displace copper from
copper sulphate solution.
Answer.

ASSERTION AND REASON

DIRECTION: Each of these questions contains an Assertion followed by Reason.

Read them carefully and answer the question on the basis of following options.
You have to select the one that best describes the two statements.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

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(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
1 Assertion (A) : Following is a balanced chemical equation for the action
of steam on iron : 3Fe + 4H2O → Fe3O4 + 4H2
Reason (R): The law of conservation of mass holds good for a chemical
equation..
ANS:A
2 Assertion (A) : Decomposition of vegetable matter into compost is an
example of exothermic reactions.
Reason (R) : Exothermic reaction are those reactions in which heat is
evolved.
ANS: A
3 Assertion (A) : When HCl is added to zinc granules, a chemical reaction
occurs.
Reason (R) : Evolution of a gas and change in colour indicate that the
chemical reaction is taking place.
ANS:B
4 Assertion (A) : Calcium carbonate when heated gives calcium oxide and
water.
Reason (R) : On heating calcium carbonate, decomposition reaction takes
place.
ANS: D
5 Assertion (A): Rusting of iron metal is the most common form of
corrosion.
Reason (R): The effect of rusting of iron can be reversed if they are left
open in sunlight.
ANS:C
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6 Assertion (A): A lead nitrate on thermal decomposition gives lead oxide,

brown coloured nitrogen dioxide and oxygen gas.
Reason (R): Lead nitrate reacts with potassium iodide to form yellow ppt.
of lead iodide and the reaction is double displacement as well as
precipitation reaction.
ANS: B
7 Assertion (A): AgBr is used on photographic and X-ray film.
Reason (R): AgBr is photosensitive and changes to Ag and bromine in
presence of sunlight and undergoes
decomposition reaction
ANS: A
8 Assertion (A): Zinc reacts with sulphuric acid to form zinc sulphate and
hydrogen gas and it is a displacement reaction.
Reason (R): Zinc reacts with oxygen to form zinc oxide.
ANS: B
9 Assertion (A) : White silver chloride turns grey in sunlight.
Reason (R) : Decomposition of silver chloride in presence of sunlight
takes place to form silver metal and chlorine gas.
ANS:A
10 Assertion (A) : In a reaction of copper with oxygen, copper serves as a
reducing agent.
Reason (R) : The substance which gains oxygen in a chemical reaction
acts as a reducing agent..
ANS: A
11 Assertion (A): Corrosion of iron is commonly known as rusting.
Reason (R) : Corrosion of iron occurs in presence of water and air.
ANS:B
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12 Assertion (A): Iron articles are painted so as to prevent them from

rusting.
Reason (R): When the surface of iron is coated with paint, its surface
does not come in contact with oxygen and moisture therefore rusting
does not take place.
ANS: A
13 Assertion (A): When calcium carbonate is heated, it decomposes to give
calcium oxide and carbon dioxide.
Reason (R): The decomposition reaction takes place on application of
heat, therefore, it is an endothermic reaction.
ANS:B
14 Assertion (A): Magnesium ribbon keeps on burning in atmosphere of
nitrogen.
Reason (R) : Magnesium reacts with nitrogen to form magnesium nitride
and this reaction is combination reaction.
ANS:A
15 Assertion (A) : Brown fumes are produced when lead nitrate is heated.
Reason (R) : Nitrogen dioxide gas is produced as a by product due to the
decomposition of lead nitrate.
ANS:A

CASE STUDY

1 Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v).
A chemical reaction is a representation of chemical change in terms of symbols
and formulae of reactants and products. There are various types of chemical
reactions like combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement,
oxidation, and reduction reactions. Reactions in which heat is released along
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with the formation of products are called exothermic chemical reactions. All
combustion reactions are exothermic reactions.

(i) The chemical reaction in which a single substance breaks down into two
or simpler substances upon heating is known as
(a) thermal decomposition reaction
(b) photodecomposition reaction
(c) electric decomposition reaction
(d) both (a) and (c)
Answer: A
ii) The massive force that pushes the rocket forward through space is
generated due to the
(a) combination reaction
(b) decomposition reaction
(c) displacement reaction
(d) double displacement reaction
Ans: B
(iii) A white salt on heating decomposes to give brown fumes and the yellow
residue is left behind. The yellow residue left is of
(a) lead nitrate
(b) nitrogen oxide
(c) lead oxide
(d) oxygen gas
ANS:C
((iv) Which of the following reactions represents a combination reaction?
(a) CaO (s) + H2O (l) → Ca(OH)2 (aq)
(b) CaCO3 (s) → CaO (s) + CO2(g)
(c) Zn(s) + CuSO4 (aq) → ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu(s)
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(d) 2FeSO4(s) → Fe2O3 (s) +SO2(g) + SO3(g)

ANS: A
(v) Complete the following statements by choosing correct type of reaction for
X and Y.
Statement 1: The heating of lead nitrate is an example of ‘X’ reaction.
Statement 2: The burning of magnesium is an example of ‘Y’ reaction.
((a) X- Combination, Y- Decomposition
(b) X- Decomposition, Y-Combination
(c) X- Combination, Y-Displacement
(d) X- Displacement, Y-Decomposition
ANS: (b)
2 In a chemical reaction, reactants are converted into products. The conversion
of reactants into products in a chemical reaction is often accompanied by some
features which can be observed easily. These easily observed features which
take place as a result of chemical reactions are known as characteristics of
chemical reactions. Some important characteristics of chemical reactions are:
(I) Evolution of heat
(II) Formation of a precipitate
(III) Change in color
(IV) Change in temperature
(V) Change in state

Anyone of these general characteristics can tell us whether a chemical reaction

has taken place or not.
(i) Reaction of magnesium with air is a/an
(a) exothermic reaction (b) endothermic reaction
(c) reversible reaction (d) substitution reaction
ANS:A
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(ii) In the following reaction

Ca2+(aq)+2OH−(aq)⟶ Ca(OH)2(s)
precipitate of calcium hydroxide will be of
(a) green colour (b) blue colour (c) brown colour (d) white colour
ANS:D
(iii) In the given reaction,
S(s)+O2(g)⟶SO2
the physical state of SO2 is

(a) liquid (b) solid (c) gaseous (d) all three

ANS:C

(iv) Which one of the following processes involves chemical reactions?

(a) Storing of oxygen gas under pressure in a gas cylinder.
(b) Keeping petrol in a china dish in the open.
(c) Liquefaction of air.
(d) Heating copper wire in the presence of air at high temperatures.
ANS:D

(v) In which of the following reactions, high amount of heat energy will be
evolved?

(a) Electrolysis of water (b) Dissolution of NH4Cl in water

(c) Burning of L.P.G. (d) Decomposition of AgBr in the presence of light
ANS:C