Professional Documents
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Safety 3rd Lecture
Safety 3rd Lecture
College of Engineering
Architecture Department
Safety in
5th Grade - Spring Semester Construction
2022 - 2023
Site
Instructor: Asst. Prof. Dr. Hamid Turki Assistant: Mr. Carol Kharbosh
Content
V
II Basic Terms Safety Programs
I
I Importance of Safety
V
What is Safety?
Safety is the state of being safe, freedom from danger, risk, or injury.
Accident
Injury
Hazard
Risk
Unsafe acts
Unsafe conditions
• OSHA regulations and penalties has tended to obscure the fact that there
are at least two other major reasons for construction management to be
seriously concerned about) safety. These reasons are humanitarian and
financial.
• Everyone is understandably distressed when a fellow employee is killed or
disabled, so the humanitarian basis for safety is apparent.
• However, many managers do not fully appreciate the financial
consequences of accidents. Worker's compensation insurance premiums,
for example, are based on a firm's accident rate.
• Public liability, property damage, and equipment insurance rates are also
affected by accident rates.
Importance of Safety
• Construction firm can lose its competitive bidding position simply because
of the effect of high insurance premiums resulting from a poor safety
record.
• In addition to the visible cost of accidents represented by insurance and
worker’s compensation payments, there are other costs, which are difficult
to estimate such costs associated with an accident include the monetary
value of lost project time while the accident is investigated and damages
are repaired, the time required to replace critical materials and equipment
and to train replacement workers, as well as the effect on those portions of
the project not directly involved in the accident.
OSHA
Administrative Proceeding
Violation Maximum Penalty
Willful or repeated $70,000/violation
Routine or serious $7,000/violation
Failing to correct cited violation $7,000/day
Failing to post. citation nest the place where violation exists $7,000/violation
Criminal Proceeding
Violation Maximum Fine Maximum Imprisonment
Killing. assaulting, or resisting OSHA officials $10,000 Life
Willful violation resulting in death of employee, first conviction 10,000 6 months
Willful violation resulting in death of employee, second conviction 20,000 1 year
Falsifying required records 10,000 6 months
Unauthorized advanced notice of inspection 1,000 6 months
OSHA
• As shown in Table 1 , civil penalties of $7000 per day may be assessed for
failure to correct a cited violation.
• Under criminal proceedings, a fine of $20,000 and imprisonment for 1 year
may be adjudged for a second conviction of a violation resulting in the
death of an employee.
• OSHA officials may also seek a restraining order through a U.S. District
Court to stop work or take other action required to alleviate a condition
identified as presenting imminent danger of serious injury or death.
• Under OSHA regulations employers are required to keep records of all
work-related deaths, injuries, and illnesses.
• It is not necessary to record minor injuries that require only first-aid
treatment.
• However, all injuries involving medical treatment, loss of consciousness,
restrictions on work or body motion, or transfer to another job must be
recorded.
• A special report of serious accidents resulting in one or more deaths or the
hospitalization of five or more employees must be made to OSHA officials
within 48 hours.
OSHA
• One of the major inequities of OSHA is that only management may be penalized
for safety violations.
• Thus even though an employee willfully violates both OSHA and company safety
regulations, only the company and its management can be penalized under
OSHA for any safety violation.
• Therefore, the only way in which management may enforce safety regulations is
to discipline or fire workers engaging in unsafe acts.
• OSHA safety regulations for construction consist largely of safety standards
developed by segments of the construction industry.
• Requirements for equipment safety include rollover protection (ROPS), seat
belts, back-up alarms, improved brake systems, and guards for moving parts.
Maximum noise levels are also set for equipment operators and other workers.
• It should be pointed out that OSHA safety regulations are considered to be the
minimum federal safety standards and that the various states may impose more
stringent safety standards for construction within the state.
• The U.S. Department of Labor has also delegated to certain states the authority
and responsibility for enforcing OSHA regulations within those states.
Safety Programs
• All construction firms need a carefully planned and directed safety program
to minimize accidents and ensure compliance with OSHA and other safety
regulations.
• However, no safety program will be successful without the active support of
top management. Jobsite supervisors have traditionally neglected safety in
their haste to get the job done on time and within budget.
• Only when supervisors are convinced by higher management that safety is
equally as important as production will the benefits of an effective safety
program be achieved.
• An effective safety program must instill a sense of safety consciousness in
every employee.
Safety Programs
Equipment Construction
General
Operations Plant
Marine or
Construction
Excavations Over-Water
of Structures
Construction
Safety Procedures
General
Equipment Operations
Equipment Operations
• Make sure that machines are equipped with required safety features and
that operators use seat belts when provided.
• Use care when operating equipment on side slopes to prevent overturning.
• When operating cranes, be extremely careful not to exceed safe load limits
for the operating radius and boom position.
• Electronic load indicators are available.
• Do not allow workers to ride on equipment unless proper seating is
provided.
• Haul roads must be properly maintained.
• Items to check include:
condition of the road surface (holes, slippery surface, excess dust), visibility
(curves, obstacles, intersections, and dust), and adequate width for vehicles to
pass (unless one-way).
Safety Procedures
Equipment Operations
• Park equipment with the brake set, blade or bowl grounded, and ignition
key removed at the end of work.
• Equipment used for land clearing must be equipped with overhead and rear
canopy protection.
• Workers engaged in clearing must be protected from the hazards of irritant
and toxic plants and instructed in the first-aid treatment for such hazards.
• When hauling heavy or oversized loads on highways, make sure that loads
are properly secured and covered if necessary.
• Slow-moving and over-sized vehicles must use required markings and
signals to warn other traffic.
• Take positive action to ensure that equipment under repair cannot be
accidentally operated.
Safety Procedures
Equipment Operations
Construction Plant
Excavations
Excavations
Excavations
Avoid the operation of equipment near the top edge of an excavation because
this increases the chance of slope failure.
• The storage of materials near the top edge of an excavation, vibration, and
the presence of water also increase the chance of slope failure.
• When these conditions cannot be avoided, additional measures must be
taken to increase slope stability.
• If workers are required to enter the excavation, no spoil or other material
may be stored within 2 ft (0.6 m) of the edge of the excavation.
Safety Procedures
Excavations
Ensure that workers are not allowed under loads being handled by excavators
or hoists.
Construction of Structures