SUBJECTIVE SOLVED EXAMPLES

L
1. A circular loop of radius R is bent along a diameter and given a M
shape as shown in figure. One of the semi-circles (KNM) lies in I y
the x-z plane and the other one (KLM) in the y-z plane with their N
centres at origin. Current I is flowing through each of the semi- I x
K
circles as shown in figure. z

A particle of charge q is released at the origin with a velocity V   V0 iˆ . Find the instantaneous force

F on the particle. Assuem that space is gravity free.

Solution :Magnetic field at the centre of a circular wire of radius R carrying a current I is given by
0I
B
2R
In this problem, currents are flowing in two semi-circles, KLM in the y-z plane and KNM in the x-
z plane. The centres of these semi-circles coincide with the origin of the Cartesian system of axes.
 1 I
 B KLM   0 ( î )
2  2R 
 1 I
BKNM   0 ( ĵ)
2  2R 
The total magnetic field at the origin is
0I
B0  ( î  ˆj)
4R
It is given that a particle of charge q is released at the origin with a velocity V = - V0 î . The
instantaneous force acting on this particle is given by
 
f  q[V  B]
 I 
 q( V0 î )   0 (î  ˆj)
 4R 
qV  I
  0 0 [(î )  ( î  ˆj)
 4R 
q V0 0 I
 ( k̂ ) .
4R

2. A coil of radius R carries current I. Another concentric coil of radius (r <<R) carries current i.
Planes of two coils are mutually perpendicular and both the coils are free to rotate about common
diameter. Find maximum kinetic energy of smaller coil when both the coils are released, masses of
coils are M and m respectively.
Solution: If a magnetic dipole having moment M be rotated through angle  from equilib-
rium position in a uniform magnetic field B, work done on it is W  MB (1  cos ) .
This work is stored in the system in the form of energy. When system is release,
dipole starts to rotate to occupy equilibrium position and teh energy converts into
kinetic energy and kinetic energy of the system is maximum when stored energy is
completely released.
0 I
Magnetic induction, at centres due to current in larger coil is B 
2R
Magnetic dipole moment of smaller coil is i r 2 .
Initially planes of two coils are mutually perpendicular, therfore  is 90 or energy of the system is
U  (i r 2 ) B(1  cos 90)
0 Ii r 2
U
2R
When coils are release, both the coils start to rotate about their common diameter and their kinetic
energies are maximum when they become coplanar.
1 2
Moment of inertia of larger coil about axis of rotation is I1  mR
2
1 2
and that of smaller coil is I 2  mr
2
Since, two coils rotate due to their mutual interaction only, therefore, if one coil rotates clockwise
then the other rotates anticlockwise.
Let angular velocities of larger and smaller coils be numerically equal to 1 and  2 respectively
when they become coplaner,
According to law of conservation of angular momentum,
I11  I 2 2
and according to law of conservation of energy,
1 1
I112  I 2 22  U
2 2
From above equations, maximum kinetic energy of smaller coil,
1 UI1
I 2 22 
2 I1  I 2

 0 liMRr 2

2( MR 2  mr 2 )

A B
3. A long horizontal wire AB, which is free to move in a vertical
plane and carries a steady current of 20 A, is in equilibrium at a
C D
height of 0.01 m over another parallel long wire CD which is
fixed in a horizontal plane and carries a steady current of 30 A,
as shown in figure. Show that when AB is slightly depressed, it
executes simple harmonic motion. Find the period of oscilla-
tion.
Solution: Let m be the mass per unit length of wire AB. At a height x about the wire CD, magnetic force per
unit length on wire AB will be given by
 0i1i 2
Fm  (upwards) ...(i)
2 x Fm
B I1=20A
Wt. per unit of wire AB is
Fg  mg (downwards) Fg
X=d=0.01
At x = d, wire is in equilibrium m
I2=30A
C D
 ii
i.e., Fm  Fg  0 1 2  mg
2 d
0 i1i2 mg
  ...(ii)
2 d 2 d

When AB is depressed, x decreases therefore, Fm will increase, while Fg remains the same. Let
AB is displaced by dx downwards. Differentiating equation (i) w.r.t.x, we get
 0 i1i 2
dFm   .dx …(iii)
2 x 2
i.e., restoring force, F = d Fm   dx
Hence the motion of wire is simple harmonic. From equation (ii) and (iii), we can write
 mg 
dFm   .dx ( x  d)
 d 
g
 Acceleration of wire, a = -  d .dx
 
Hence period of oscillations

dx disp.
T  2  2
a acc.

0.01
 T  2 d / g  2
9. 8
 T  0.2s .

4. A particle of mass 1 1026 kg and charge 1.6  1019 C traveling with a velocity 1.28  106 ms 1 in
the +x direction enters a region in which a uniform electric field E and uniform magnetic field of
1
induction B are pr esent such that E x  E y  0, E z  102.4 kVm and Bx  Bz  0 .

B y  8  102 Wbm 2 . The particle enters this region at the origin at time t =0. Determine the location
(x, y and z coorediantes) of the particle at t  5  106 s. If the electric field is switched off at this
instant (with the magnetic field still present), what will be the position of the particle at t  7.45  106 s ?
Solution: Let ˆi, ˆj and k̂ be unit vector along the positive directions of x, y and z axes. Q = charge on the

particle  1.6  10 19 C v  velocity of the charged particle  (1.28  106 )ms1ˆi

E  electric field intensity; z
 ( 102.4  103 Vm 1 )kˆ

B = magnetic induction of the magnetic field
x
 (8  102 Wbm 2 )ˆj

 Fe = electric force on the charge y

 qE  [1.6  1019 ( 102.4  103 )N]kˆ
ˆ
 163.84  1016 N( k)
  
Fm  magnetic force on the charge  qv  B
 [1.6  1019 (1.28  106 )(8  102 )N](iˆ  ˆj)
ˆ
 (163.84  1016 N)(k)
 
The two forces Fe and Fm are along z-axis and equal, opposite and collinear..
The net force on the charge is zero and hence the particle does not get deflected and continues to
travel along x-axis.
(a)At time t  5  106 s
x  (5  106 )(1.28  106 )  6.4m
 Coordinates of the particle = (6.4 m, 0, 0)
(b) When the electric field is switched off, the particle is in the uniform magnetic field perpendicu-
lar to its velocity only and has a uniform circular motion in the x-z plane (i.e. the plane of velocity
and magnetic force), anticlockwise as seen along +y axis.
mv 2
Now,  qvB where r is the radius of the circle.
r
mv (1  1026 )(1.28  106 )
 r  1
qB (1.6  1019 )(8  102 )
The length of the arc traced by the particle in [(7.45  5)  106 s]
 (v)(t)  (1.28  106 )(2.45  106 )
1
= 3.136 m  m  circumference
2
 The particle has the coordinates (6.4, 0, 2m) as (x, y, z).

5. The region between x = 0 and x = L is filled with uniform, steady magnetic field B0 k. A particle of
mass m, positive ch arg e q and velocity v 0 ˆi travels along x-axis and enters the region of magnetic
field. Neglect gravity throughout the question.
(a) Find the value of L if the particle emerges from the region of magnetic field with its find velocity
at an angle 30º to the initial velocity.
 (b) Find the final velocity of the particle and the time spent by it in the magnetic field, if the field now
extents up to x = 2. 1L.
Solution:
(a) As the initial velocity of the particle is perpendicular to the field the particle will move along the arc
of a circle as shown.
V0i x=L
If r is the radius of the circle, then
.. 30º
mv 20 ..
 qv0 B0
r ..
r B0k ..
Also from geometry, L = r sin 30º ..
r
 r  2L 30º
mv0
or L
2qB0
L>r
2.1mv0
(b) In this case L  2qB  r
0

Hence the particle will complete semi-circular path and emerge

from the field with velocity v ˆi as shown.
0 -v0i
Time spent by the particle in the magnetic field
r m
T 
v0 qB0
The speed of the particle does not charge due to magnetic field.
Y
6. A straight segment OC (of length L meter) of a circuit carrying a (0, a, 0)
current 1 amp is placed along the x-axis. Two infinitely long straight B
I
wire A and B, each extending z   to  are fixed at y = – a I C
metre and y = + a metre respectively, as shown in the figure. If the O
X
L
wires A and B each carry a current I amp into the place of the
paper, obtain the expression for the force acting on segment OC.
What will be the force on OC if the current in the wire B is re- A (0, -a, 0)
versed? Z
Solution: Magnetic field BA produced at P(x, 0, 0) due to wire, BA   0 I / 2R, BB  0 I / 2R . Compo-
nents of BA and BB along x-axis cancel, while those along y-axis add up to give total field.

 I  2 I x  I x
B  2  0  cos   0 .  0 (along – y direction)
 2R  2R R  (a  x 2 )
2

Y
The force dF acting on the current element is dF  I(d I  BB) B×
R
a
 I 2 x dx
 dF  0  sin 90º  1 x P(x, 0, 0)
 a2  x2 O

X

L a 
 I 2 x dx  0 I 2 a 2 L2 R BB BA
 F 0  2  ln 2 Z A×
 0 a  x2 2 a
If the current in B is reversed, the magnetic field due to the two wires would be only along x-
direction and the force on the current along x- direction will be zero.
 y
 S R
7. A uniform, constant magnetic field B is directed at an angle of 45º
to the x-axis in the xy-plane. PQRS is a rigid, square wire frame
carrying a steady current I0 , with its centre at the origin O. At time O
x
t =0, the frame is at rest in the position shown in the figure, with its
sides parallel to the x and y axes. Each side of the frame is of mass
P Q
M and length L.

(a) What is the torque  about O acting on the frame due to the magnetic field?
(b) Find the angle by which the frame rotates under the action of this torque in a short interval of
time t , and the axis about which this rotation occurs. ( t is so short that any variation in the
torque during this interval may be neglected). Given moment of any variation in the torque
during this interval may be neglected). Given moment of inertia of the frame about an axis
through its centre perpendicular to its plate is (4/3) ML2 .

Solution: (a) As magnetic field B is in x-y plane and subtends an angle
of 45º with x-axis y
S R
Bx  Bcos 45º  B / 2
45º
And By  Bsin 45  B / 2 x
O
So in vector form
 I0
B  ˆi(B / 2)  j(B/ 2) P Q

and M  I0Skˆ  I 0 L2 kˆ

    B ˆ B ˆ
so,   M  B  I 0 L2 kˆ   i j
 2 2 

 I0 L2 B
i.e.,   (iˆ  ˆj)
2
i.e., torque has magnitude I0 L2 B and is directed along line QS from Q to S.
(b) As by theorem of perpendicular axis, moment of inertia of the frame about QS,
1 1 4  2
IQS  I z   ML2   ML2
2 2 3  3
And as   I ,
 I0 L2 B  3 3 I0 B
  
I 2L2 M 2 M
1 2
As here  is constant, equations of circular motion are valid and hence from   0 t  t with
2
0  0 we have
1 1 3 I B 3IB
  t 2   0  (t) 2  0 t 2 .
2 2 2 M  4 M
 y
8. A wire loop carrying a current I is placed in the x-y plane as shown
M
in figure. (a) If a particle with charge q and mass m is placed at the
centre P and given a velocity v along NP find its instantaneous

acceleration. (b) If an external uniform magnetic induction B  Biˆ q x
120º
is applied, find the force and torque acting on the loop. I P
Solution: (a) As in case of current -carrying straight conductor and arc, a
the magnitude of B is given by
N
0 I
B1  (sin   sin  )
4d
 0 I
And B2  y
4r M
So in accordance with right hand screw rule,
v
  1 90º
 
Bw  0
4 (a cos 60)
ˆ
 2sin 60(  k) F
q x
120º
I P
 0 I  2  ˆ a
and  B 
    ( k)
4 a  3 
MN
N

and hence net B at P due to the given loop

     2I   ˆ
B  B w  BA  B  0  3   ( k) …(i)
4 a  3
Now as force on charged particle in a magnetic fields is given by
  
F  q(v  B)

so here, F  qvBsin 90º along PF
  2qvI  
i.e. F 0  3   along PF
4 a  3

 F 2qvI  
and so a   107  3   along PF
m a  3
     
(b) As dF  IdL  B , so F   IdL  B

As here I and B are constant
   
F  I   dL   B  0  as dL  0 

   
Further as area of coil,
 1 1   3ˆ
S   a 2  .2a sin 60º a cos 60º  kˆ  a 2   k
3 2  3 4 

   3 ˆ
So M  IS  Ia 2   k
3 4 
     3 ˆ ˆ
and hence   M  B  Ia 2 B    (k  i)
 3 4 

  3 ˆ
i.e.   Ia 2 B    jN  m as (kˆ  ˆi  ˆj) .
3 4 
m
q
9. In the figure a charged sphere of mass m and charge q starts slid- 
ing from rest on a vertical fixed circular track of radius R from the
× B
position shown. There exists a uniform and constant horizontal
magnetic field of induction B. The maximum force exerted by the
track on the sphere.
Solution: Fm  qvB ,a and directed radially outward.

mv 2
 N  mg sin   qvB 
R
mv 2
 N  mg sin   qvB
R
Hence at    / 2
2mgR
 N max   mg  qB 2gR  3mg  qB 2gR .
R
10. In the figure shown the magnetic field at the point P.
y

x
(a, 0) (2a,0) (3a,0)

i
z

Solution: Consider the figure

     
Bp  B1  B2     B 
p p
3
p
 (B4 ) P  (B5 ) P

 0 i
B  1
p

 3a 
(ˆj)
y
where 4   (semi-infinite wire)
 2
2
1
  0i 4
(B 2 ) p  ˆ
( k)
 3a  3 P
x
4  a/2
 2 3a/2
 5
(B3 ) p  0 z
  i ˆ
(B4 )p  0 (  k)
a
4 
2
  0i
(B5 ) p  (ˆj)
a P
4  
2
  i   1 1   1 
 Bp  0     ˆj   1   kˆ 
2a   3    3  
 2 i  1 
 Bp  0  ˆj  kˆ 
3a   
0 i
 Bp  1  2 .
3a
+
11. There exists a uniform and constant magnetic field of strenght B in
the space between teh plates of a charged parallel plate capacitor. × × ×
em
The charge density onthe plate is  and length of the plate is  .
× × ×
An electron is projected in the space between the plates along the
length of the plate. It is found that velocity of the electron does not × × ×
change. Find the time taken by the electron to come out of the
l
capacitor. The figure describes the situation. Ignore the gravity.
Solution: The net electric field
 
E  E1  E 2
  
 E  
2 0 2 0  0
The net force acting on the electron is zero because it move with constant velocity
    
 Fnet  Fe  Fm  0  | Fe |  | Fm |
E 
 eE  evB  v 
B 0 B
The time of motion in side the capacitor
l  lB
t  0 .
v 

12. Shown in the figure is a very long semicylindrical conducting shell i0

of radius R and carrying a current i along its length. An infinitely R
long straight current carrying conductor is lying along the axis of
the semicylinder. If the current flowing through the straight wire is
i0, then find the froce on the semicylinder. i
Solution: The net magnetic force on the conducting wire
 F   2dFcos 
   (di)i0 
 F   2 0  cos 
 2R  dFcos dFcos
dF   dF
 0i 0 i0
F
R 
 di cos  d
  P
i id di
when di   Rd 
R 
 0i 0 (id)cos 
F
R 


 0 i 0i  / 2 ii
 F 2  cos d  02 0 .
R 0 R

13. A uniform magnetic field of 30 mT exists in the + X direction. A particle of charge +e and mass
1.67  1027 kg is projected into the field along the + Y direction with a speed of 4.8  106 m/s.
(a) Find the force on the charged particle in magnitude and direction
(b) Find the force if the particle were negatively charged.
(c) Describe the nature of path followed by the particle in the both the case.
Solution: (a) Force acting on a charge particle moving in the magnetic field y
  
F  q(v  B)
 v F
Magnetic field B  30(mT)ˆj
Velocity of the charge particle v  4.8  106 (m/s) ĵ
x
B

F  1.6  1019 [(4.8  106 ˆj)  (30  103 )(i)]
ˆ z

F  230.4  1016 ( k)N .
(b) If the particle were negatively charged, the magnitude of the force will be the same but the
direction will be along (+z) direction.
(c) Ad v  B , the path described is a circle
mv
R  (1.67  1027 ).(4.8  106 ) /(1.6  1019 ).(30  103 )
qB
= 1.67 m.

14. What is the work done in transferring the wire from position (1) to position (2)?
b

I2
I1 a l a

1 2
Solution: The loop can be considered as the combination of teh number of elementary loops.

The net current in the dotted wires is 0 as current in the neighboring loops flowing through the same
wire are opposite in direction.
I2 I2 I2 I2 I2
consider an elementary loop of width dr at a distance r from I2
the wire
I2 I2
I2
I2

I2
The 'd ' magnetic moment of the elemental loop
 I 2 l dr I2
The B at that point due to straight wire
  0 I1 / 2r .
r
0 I1 I1
dU   B.d   I 2l dr(cos )
2r
dr
[As d is anti-parallel to B.]
b
 0 I1I 2l 1 0 I1I 2 l  b 
U1   du   r dr  ln  
2 a 2 a
By symmetry, U 2   U1
 0 I1I 2l b
 U = work done  (U 2  U1 )  2 ln .
2 a
 0 I1I 2l b
The work done in transferring the wire from position 1 to 2  ln .
 a
15. A disc of radius R rotates at an angular velocity  about the axis perpendicular to its surface and
passing through its centre. If the disc has a uniform surface charge density  , find the magnetic
induction on the axis of rotation at a distance x from the centre.

Solution: Consider a ring of radius r and width dr.

Charge on the ring, dq  (2r dr)
dq
Current due to ring is dI 
T
 dq
   r dr
2
Magnetic field due to ring at point P is
 0 dl r 2
dB 
2(r 2  x 2 )3 / 2
R
0  r 3 dr
B   dB 
2 0 (r 2  x 2 )3 / 2
or …(i)
Putting r 2  x 2  t 2 and 2r dr = 2t dt and integrating (i) we get

 0   R 2  2x 2 
B   2x  .
2  R 2  x2 