Department of Civil Engineering: Analysis and Design of A G+15 Storey Residential Building
Department of Civil Engineering: Analysis and Design of A G+15 Storey Residential Building
A project report on
BUILDING
Submitted by
Roll No: 11
Title Page No
1. INTRODUCTION 1-2
3. OBJECTIVE 5
5. LOADS 8 - 21
6. ANALYSIS 22 - 29
The aim of the structural design is that structures should be safe, durable, serviceable and
economical with respect to initial cost and maintenance cost. Computer helps the structural
engineers to solve large complex problems with the short interval of time. A large number of
software package are available which helps structural engineer to carry stress analysis of complex
shapes, material properties and with various boundary conditions. Hence the analysis and design
is carried out by using software’s.
Structural design is an art and science of designing, with economy and elegance, a safe,
serviceable, and a durable structure. The entire process of structural planning and design require
not only imagination and conceptual thinking (which form art of designing) but also sound
knowledge of science of structural engineering besides knowledge of practical aspects, such as
relevant design codes and bye-law, backed up by sample experience, institution and judgment. The
process of design commences with planning of a structure, primarily to meet the functional
requirement of the user or the client. The requirement proposed by the client may not be well
defined. They may be vague and may also be impracticable because is not aware of various
implication involved in the process of planning and design and about the limitations and the
intricacies of structural science. The functional requirements and the aspects of aesthetics are look
into normally by an architect while the aspects of safety, serviceability, durability and economy of
the structure for its intended use over life span of the structure are attended to be structural
designers (many times, a structural engineer is require to act in capacities of both the architect and
structural designers).
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5. Drawing, Detailing and preparation of schedule.
STRUCTURAL PLANNING:
This involves determination of the form of the structure, the material for the same, the
structural system, the layout of its components, the method of analysis and the philosophy of
structural designs.
The principle element of a R.C. building frame are as follows.
1. Slabs to cover large area
2. Beams to support slabs and walls
3. Columns to support beams
4. Footing to distribute concentrated column loads over large area of the supporting soil.
After getting an architectural plan of the building, the structural planning of the building frame is
done. This involves determination of the following.
A) Column position
B) Beam location
C) Spanning of slabs
D) Layout and planning of stairs
E) Type of footing.
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LITERATURE REVIEW ON AUTOCAD AND ETABS
AUTOCAD
AutoCAD is a commercial software application for 2D and 3D computer aided design and
drafting for various fields in engineering like civil, mechanical, electrical, automation, architecture
etc. It was first launched in 1982 by Autodesk, Inc.
AutoCAD or Computer Aided Design is a very helpful tool in drafting and designing any structure.
AutoCAD uses a Graphical User Interface for the purpose of drafting and designing any structure.
The software has various inbuilt tools for complex drafting. Also AutoCAD can be used for 2D
and 3D design and also for perspective design. Below is a screenshot of the GUI of AutoCAD.
With the help of AutoCAD all the drafting for the project has been done. It has made the life of a
drafter quite easy than the conventional drafter using paper and pencil. It has made possible to
make easy changes in the drawing as and when required. Also various commands such as COPY,
OFFSET, ROTATE, MOVE have made the tedious process of redundant work quite easy and
faster. Also one of the important features of AutoCAD is the import and export feature which
allows users to move their plans drawn using AutoCAD to other design software’s such as STAAD
Pro and ETABS with the help of DXF file format which has in turn reduced load on the designer.
Also structural designs made on STAAD and ETABS are also exportable to AutoCAD for minute
detailing required.
ETABS
The program were the first to take into account the unique properties inherent in a
mathematical model of a building, allowing a computer representation to be constructed in the
same fashion as a real building, floor by floor, story by story. ETABS uses terminology familiar
to the building designer such as columns, beams, braces and walls rather than nodes and finite
element. In any endeavor, a tool tailored to a specific task is the most efficient. For building,
ETABS provides the automation and specialized options needed to make the process of model
creation, analysis and design fast and convenient, tools for laying out floor framing, columns,
frames and walls, in either concrete or steel, as well as techniques for quickly generating gravity
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and lateral loads offer many advantages not available from most general-purpose finite element
programs. Seismic and wind loads are generated automatically according to the requirements of
the selected building code. All of these modelling and analysis options are completely integrated
with a wide range of steel and concrete design features.
While ETABS is familiar and straightforward to use for the building Designer, it also offer many
sophisticated analytical and design capabilities not found in other commercial programs. Full
dynamic analysis, including nonlinear time history capabilities for seismic base isolation and
viscous damper, along with static nonlinear pushover features offer state-of-the-art technology to
the engineer doing performance design. Powerful features for selection and optimization of vertical
framing members as well as the identification of key elements for lateral drift control provide
significant time saving in the design cycle. This design integration, in combination with the fact
that ETABS generates CAD output files, means that production drawings can be generated faster
and with greater accuracy. ETABS has long been a favorite for the analysis and design of buildings,
and whether the project is a one-story shopping center or the tallest building in the world, this
latest release offers the comprehensive tools needed to produce timely, efficient and elegant
engineering solutions.
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OBJECTIVE
The main objective of undertaking this project is to retrieve and implement our civil engineering
knowledge that we had learned during the postgraduate years in “SARASWATI College of
Engineering, Kharghar” into this project. And also to make ourselves capable Civil engineers in
the near future.
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DETAILS OF THE PROJECT:
The plot size for the project was 37.800 x 31.300 mts. Accordingly the building has been laid in
the centre of the plot leaving sample space on all the sides for landscaping and pathways for cars
and for visitors parking
Beam
B1 150X600 M30 Fe500
B2 230X600 M30 Fe500
B3 300X600 M30 Fe500
B4 300X700 M30 Fe500
B5 1000X750 M30 Fe500
B6 1200X800 M30 Fe500
B7 1200X900 M30 Fe500
Fe500
Floor
Slab 125 M30 Fe500
Shear Wall
Wall 250 M30 Fe500
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LOADS
The loading that have been considered to act upon the structure are as
follows:
1. Dead Load.
2. Live Load.
3. Seismic Load.
4. Load Combinations.
5.1. Dead Load or permanent Load:
This consists of the weights of the walls, partitions, floors, roofs, including the weights of all
other permanent construction in the buildings. A schedule of unit weights of the building
materials is given in IS code 875 part 1-1987. Some of the Unit weights of building materials
(IS code 875 part 1-1987 and IS code 4562000) are shown below;
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Where h= (summation of Aixhi)/(summation of Ai) (as per IS1893-2016,Fig No.5)
h = 150013.1925/5305.26=28.27m
Hence, time period along x direction
Tax = 0.51 sec
Tay =0.4696 sec
Medium soil site and 5% damping
Hence, Sa/g=2.5 (as per clause no.6.4.2)
Structure type: Special moment resisting frame
Hence, response reduction factor=5 (Table No.9, IS-1893-2016-PART-1)
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TABLE NO.4.1: Partial safety factors for loads under limit state of collapse and limit state of
serviceability
Note: *This Value should be considered when stability against overturning or stress reversal is
critical.
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5.5.1. Column, Beam and Slab Position
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5.5.2. Defining Material and Frame Section Property
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Fig 5.5.2.3: Defining Section Property
Fig 5.5.3: Various loads considered as per Indian Standard code for building analysis
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5.5.4. Defining Earthquake load in ETABS.
Where
Qi= Design lateral force at i
hi= height of floor i from the base
N=No of storeys in building i.e. the No of level at which the mass are located
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Response reduction factor
Table No.9,IS-1893-2016-PART-1
STRUCTURE TYPE “R” FACTOR
Ordinary Moment resisting frame 3.0
Special Moment Resisting Frame 5.0
Buildings with Ordinary Brace Frame with Concentric Brace 4.0
Buildings with Special Brace Frame with Concentric Brace 4.5
Buildings with Special Brace Frame with Eccentric Brace 5.0
Building with Ordinary Structural Walls 3.0
Building with Ductile Structural Walls 4.0
Importance Factor:
Table No.8,IS-1893-2016-PART-1
STRUCTURE TYPE IMPORTANCE FACTOR
Important structures, community buildings, lifeline & 1.5
emergency buildings.
Residential or commercial buildings 1.2
All Other buildings/structures 1.0
Zone factor:
Table No.3, IS-1893-2016-PART-1
ZONE ZONE FACTOR
ZONE II 0.1
ZONE III 0.16
ZONE IV 0.24
ZONE V 0.36
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2.3 Combination of modes:
Combination of modes can be done with different methods out of Which Complete Quadric
Combination (CQC) & Square Root of the Sum Of the Square (SRSS) methods are popular.
Modal mass
Where,
g=acceleration due to gravity
Qi=mode shape coefficient at floor i in mode k
Wi=seismic weight of floor I of the structure
N=number of floors of the structure
If Dynamic base shear is less than equivalent static base shear; then it shall be
scaled with static base shear
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5.5.4.1 Earthquake in X-direction as per IS 1893-2016
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5.5.5 Wind Load in ETABS as per IS 875-2015
5.5.5.1 Wind Load in x-direction as per IS 875-2015
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5.5.7 Define Mass Source
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5.5.9 Define Diaphragm
Fig 5.5.10.1: Plan showing dead load on a beam at ground floor level
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Fig 5.5.10.2: Elevation showing dead load on a beam at Floor level
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ANALYSIS
6.1 Bending Moment and Shear Force Diagram due to dead load
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Fig 6.1.2 Shear Force Diagram Due To DL
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6.2 Bending Moment and Shear Force Diagram Due To Live Load
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Fig 6.2.1 Shear Force Diagram Due To LL
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6.3 Bending Moment And Shear Force Diagram Due To Earthquake Load
Fig 6.3.1 Bending Moment and Shear Force Diagram Due to Earthquake
Load
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6.4 Bending Moment and Shear Force Diagram Due to Wind Load
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Fig 6.4.2 Shear Force Diagram Due to Wind Load
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6.5 BASE REACTION
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DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL COMPONENT
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Fig.7.3 Required Reinforcement at Terrace floor Level
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THANK YOU
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