Index: Trajectory

INDEX
 INTRODUCTION
 APPLICATIONS
BASEBALL
PROGRAMMING/ANIMATION
 PARABOLIC MOTION OF PROJECTILES
Total Time of Flight
Horizontal Range
Maximum Height of Projectile
The Equation of Trajectory
 FACTORS AFFECTING THE RANGE OF PROJECTILE
 EXTERNAL FACTORS INFLUENCING PROJECTILE
TRAJECTORY
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Projectile Motion
 When a particle is thrown obliquely near the earth’s surface,

it moves along a curved path under constant acceleration
directed towards the earth's center (we assume that the
particle remains close to its surface). The path of such a
particle is called a projectile, and the motion is called
projectile motion.
 The point O is called the point of projection; θ is the angle of

projection and OB =
Horizontal Range or
Simply Range. The total
time taken by the particle
from reaching
O to B is called the time
of flight
APPLICATIONS
Projectile motion is very common in sports since most sports
involve the motion of a projectile (usually a ball). By using physics,
we can determine the optimal angle of a ball’s flight to maximize
speed or distance.
 BASEBALL
Projectile motion is applicable in both throwing and hitting. A

thrown ball undergoes projectile motion when it is in mid-air since
the only force that affects the ball is the acceleration due to gravity.
Baseball analysts can analyze baseball pitchers using an
understanding of kinematics and projectile motion. A variety of
factors will go into the trajectory of a pitch, including a pitcher’s
height, arm angle, and the spin being applied to the ball. All of
these, along with kinematics, are used to determine how fast a
pitch is being thrown relative to the batter’s eye. Typically, a 90
mph pitch takes 0.4 seconds to reach the batter from around 55
feet (subtracting the pitcher’s stride from the regular 60 feet); this
can be calculated using kinematics.
 Programming/Animation
Another example of the
application of projectile motion is
in programming. The challenge for
modern-day programmers and
animators is to model real-life
physics as accurately as possible,
whether for a tv show or a video
game. Great video games attempt
to follow them as accurately as
possible, whether it is the physics of a baseball being hit or the
physics of a person falling a certain height. For the games to be
enjoyable, they must be as close to reality as possible; a golfing
game would not be fun and realistic if the ball were being driven
1000 yards.
THERE ARE VARIOUS EXAMPLES OF PROJECTILE MOTION
 Firing a Canon
 Sneezing
 javelin throw
 Archery
 Water Escaping a Hose
 Car and Bike Stunts
 Golf Ball
 Disc Throw
 Gun Fire
PARABOLIC MOTION OF PROJECTILES

Let us consider a ball projected at an angle θ concerning the
horizontal x-axis with the initial velocity u as shown below
 Total Time of Flight
Resultant displacement (s) = 0 in the Vertical direction.
Therefore, the time of flight formula is given by using the
Equation of motion: i.e. gt2 = 2t × u sin θ
 Horizontal Range
Horizontal Range (OA) = Horizontal component of velocity (ux)
× Total Flight Time (t)
R = u cos θ × 2u×sinθg
projectile motion, the horizontal Range given by
 Maximum Height of Projectile

After understanding what a projectile is, let us know the
maximum height of the projectile. The object’s maximum
height is the highest vertical position along its trajectory. The
horizontal displacement of the projectile is called the range of
the projectile. The range of the projectile depends on the
object’s initial velocity.
If v is the initial velocity, g = acceleration due to gravity and H

= maximum height in meters, θ = angle of the initial velocity
from the horizontal plane (radians or degrees).
The maximum height of the projectile is given by the formula:
 The Equation of Trajectory
This is the equation of trajectory in projectile motion, and it proves

that the projectile motion is always parabolic in nature.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE RANGE OF PROJECTILE

 Angle of Projection
 Projection velocity
 Relative Height of the Projection
FACTORS INFLUENCING PROJECTILE TRAJECTORY
 Trajectory shape dependent

on the angle of projection in
the absence of resistance.
• If the angle is perfectly

vertical, the trajectory is also vertical
 If angle oblique, trajectory
is parabolic
If the angle is horizontal, the

trajectory is half parabolic
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 https://www.wikipedia.org
 https://openstax.org
 https://byjus.com
 NCERT TEXTBOOK FOR CLASS XI PHYSICS PART-1

Index: Trajectory

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INDEX

 When a particle is thrown obliquely near the earth’s surface,

 The point O is called the point of projection; θ is the angle of

Projectile motion is applicable in both throwing and hitting. A

THERE ARE VARIOUS EXAMPLES OF PROJECTILE MOTION

PARABOLIC MOTION OF PROJECTILES

projectile motion, the horizontal Range given by

 Maximum Height of Projectile

If v is the initial velocity, g = acceleration due to gravity and H

The maximum height of the projectile is given by the formula:

 The Equation of Trajectory

This is the equation of trajectory in projectile motion, and it proves

FACTORS AFFECTING THE RANGE OF PROJECTILE

 Trajectory shape dependent

• If the angle is perfectly

If the angle is horizontal, the

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