Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Major Project Report
Major Project Report
Bachelor of Engineering
In
CIVIL ENGINEERING
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CERTIFICATE
Certified that the Project Phase I Report entitled “DESIGNING A SUSTAINABLE
AND EFFICIENT BUILDING SYSTEM” submitted by Mohammed
Aakif(1DS19CV060),Nabam Tapung (1DS19CV062), Sholo Tep (1DS19CV103),
Simal Mohammed (1DS19CV105), bonafide students of Dayananda Sagar College
of Engineering, in partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in
Construction technology and management , during 2019-2023. It is certified that
all corrections/suggestions indicated for Internal Assessment have been incorporated.
The report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of
Project work Phase I prescribed for the above said degree.
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Examiners: Signature
with Date1.
2.
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DECLARATION
Signature
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1.1 GENERAL 1
2.1 INTRODUCTION 9
3.1 OBJECTIVES 17
3.2 SCOPE 17
4 METHODOLOGY 18
5 REFERENCES 19
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
The biggest misconception is that people believe that a green home is one that has a
lot of green plants, lawn and grass which makes a building green which is not
so,use of elements and plants is good because plants and grass those are used for
insulation and they also absorb a lot of pollution but it is one part of a green
building.
A green building is actually green because it has natural adaptations and uses the
renewable resources, reduces wastage, reduces consumption and which recycles
materials and wherever possible it regenerates energy to make the building more
energy efficient and sustainable.
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Buildings are the major consumer of energy in their construction, operation and
maintenance. In India building sector accounts 30-40% of total primary energy
consumption and more than 30% of electricity.
Reduced operating costs by increasing productivity and using less energy and
water
Improved public and occupant health due to improved indoor air quality
Reduced environmental impacts by, for example,reducing water runoff and the
heating effect.
Reduction of natural resource consumption
Reduction of operating costs
Health, comfort and safety for all residents
Usually building contractors and owners define costing as the initial upfront cost
which is a little high for green construction.
There is need of changing the way of costing to a life cycle costing approach which
includes the operating costs and economic benefits of the building over a period of
time.
Sustainable materials are as good or even better than traditional building materials
in cases of building life, energy consumption, design flexibility even though they
can be a bit expensive initially they help to reduce the carbon footprint of the
building.
Recycled steel:
Steel is 100% recyclable.
Mining, heating and shaping steel products require a lot of energy but proper and
efficiently recycling them lowers the energy used.
Hemp Concrete:
It is a concrete like material created from the woody inner fibres of the hemp plant.
Hemp Concrete blocks are lightweight, sturdy, has good thermal and acoustic
insulation qualities and is fire resistant.
It is CO2 negative, fast growing and renewable resource.
Fibres are bound with lime.
Several green building rating systems have been developed to evaluate the energy
and environmental performance that spans the broad spectrum of sustainability of a
building. Typically, the buildings are designed to meet building code requirements,
whereas green building design challenges designers to go beyond the codes to
improve overall building performance, minimize life-cycle environmental impact
and cost.
Leadership in Energy and Environment Design (LEED) to promote the design and
construction of buildings that are environmentally responsible, profitable, and
healthy places to live and work. They are focused on integrating building industry
sectors and leading a market transformation towards greener construction. LEED is
a system for designing, constructing and certifying green buildings. It is a voluntary
rating program based on which buildings are classified or certified as Silver, Gold
or Platinum depending upon the number of points they acquire within the following
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Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) has been formed in 2001. IGBC is actively
promoting green buildings in India. It a part of Confederation of Indian Industries
(CII) and comprise of construction companies, architects, product manufacturers
and research institutes.
Similar to the LEED rating system, developed by US Green building Council,
LEED India promotes a complete building approach for its sustainability analysis.
Currently IGBC provides certification under LEED India NC Green Building
Rating System for new Commercial Construction and Major renovation, LEED
India CS Green Building Rating System for Core and Shell, IGBC Green factory
building rating system and IGBC Green home rating system.
GRIHA stands for Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment, to encourage
design construction and operation with green building principles for new
commercial, institutional and residential buildings. This GRIHA rating system is
developed by TERI (The Energy Resources Institute).
It aims to integrate various national standards and policy frameworks into one
building rating system, including ECBC, IS codes such as NBC, IS codes for
building materials, water quality and functional requirements, solid waste handling
rules and local regulations etc .
The rating criteria are categorized according to three aspects:
• Site selection and site planning, including conservation and efficient utilization of
resources.
• Building planning and construction, including design for efficient use of energy
and water, embodied energy use in the building materials and construction activities,
use of renewable or recycled materials, the reuse of water, waste management, and
health well-being
• Building operations and maintenance, including energy audits and validation,
building operations and maintenance and innovation.
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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 INTRODUCTION
Building occupants are not only passive dwellers but active individual part of
green building’s performance and can advocate for better building practices
12. “An analysis of green building costs using a minimum cost concept” (2019)
by Wannawit Taemthong and Nattasit Chaisaard
Green building requires greater investment than a conventional building.
There are different classification of green buildings including Certified,
Silver, Gold, Platinum depending on the cost and credit of the project.
This system is called the LEED-NC rating system.
Project owners can adopt a minimum cost approach to attain different levels
of LEED certification.
13. “Grey water recycling for reuse in toilet flushing: A case study in
Thailand”( 2018) by Wannawit Taemthong
Grey water means relatively clean waste water from sink, baths etc.
Grey water treatment system includes sedimentary tank, 24 hours aeration
tank and a sand and carbon filtering tank with final sedimentation tank
This water can be used in flushing system for more efficiency in buildings
If find any faecal bacteria, chlorine is used.
14. “The role of project management in the success of green building projects:
Egypt as a case study” (2020) Heba Farouk Abdelkhalik and Hisham Hussein
Azmy
The application of the (GPRS) has been neglected at the level of the public
and private sectors since its launch.
In Egypt, as a case study, there are limited numbers of green buildings in the
modern era which are certified by third-party or green rating systems.
15. “Importance of the residential front yard for social sustainability” (2019)
by Abu Yousuf Swapan, Joo Hwa Bay and Dora Marinova
They are generally privately-owned but have the high potential to act as a
public space. Though the front yard is physically private, if visible from the
street,
Social science studies commonly ignore the physical environment and only a
few empirical investigations address the stationary and social behaviour of
people
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CHAPTER 3
SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES
3.1 SCOPE
The growth of communities has a large impact on our natural environment. The manufacturing,
design, construction and operation of the buildings in which we live and work are responsible for
the consumption of many of our natural resources.
According to Lazard Asset Management, buildings represent around 40% of the global energy and
greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), while other sectors, such as transport and power generation,
have a clear roadmap to decarbonisation, the route to reducing the energy and emissions footprint
of buildings remains less clear.
Green buildings can be defined as buildings which use more environmental friendly and
resource-efficient processes throughout a building’s life-cycle on areas such as
construction, renovation, operation, maintenance and demolition.
The need of sustainable buildings is becoming clear with the increase in demand for more
commercial, residential, industrial and medical buildings. Therefore through this project we intend
to study and use sustainable construction materials and design that can be used for modern
buildings.
3.2 OBJECTIVES
To study the cost effectiveness of sustainable building materials and designs by case
studies.
To model and design an economical energy efficient system for a traditional and green
building.
To compare the efficiency between the traditional and green building models using
BIM.
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CHAPTER 4
METHODOLOGY
4.1 FLOWCHART
RESULT
(COMPARISON OF COST AND EFFICIENCY OF THE BUILDINGS)
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REFERENCES:
1. Allen, D. T., and Shonnard, D. (2012). Sustainable engineering: Concepts, design, and case
studies, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
2. Anand, S., and Sen, A. K. (1996). Sustainable human development: Concepts and priorities,
United Nations Development Programme, Cambridge, MA.
3. Allan, T. K., and Allan, K. H. (1971). “Sensitivity training for community leaders.” Proc.,
Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, American Psychological
Association.
4. The Costs and Benefits of Green Affordable Housing (A Publication of New Ecology & The
Green CDCs Initiative)
5. https://www.lazardassetmanagement.com/gl/references/fundamental-focus/what-is-the-
future-of-green-building#!
6. Briller, D. L. (2013). Adapting to a New Reality-Strategies for Building Energy Design in a
Changing Climate. Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment, 33(1), 7–65.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10485236.2013.10750245
7. Brunsgaard, C., Knudstrup, M. A., & Heiselberg, P. (2012). Occupant Experience of
Everyday Life in Some of the First Passive Houses in Denmark. Housing, Theory and
Society, 29(3), 223–254. https://doi.org/10.108 0/14036096.2011.602718
8. Buchin, O., Hoelscher, M.-T., Meier, F., Nehls, T., & Ziegler, F. (2016). Evaluation of the
health-risk reduction potential of countermeasures to urban heat islands. Energy & Buildings,
114, 27–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.06.038
9. City of Copenhagen. (2015). Climate change adaption and investment statement part 1.
10. Coley, D., & Kershaw, T. (2010). Changes in internal temperatures within the built
environment as a response to a changing climate. Building and Environment, 45(1), 89–93.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.05.009
11. Bulkeley H, Castán Broto V, Maassen A (2014) Low-carbon transitions and the
reconfguration of urban infrastructure. Urban Stud 51(7):1471–1486
12. Coenen L, Truffer B (2012) Places and spaces of sustainability transitions: geographical
contributions to an emerging research and policy feld. Eur Plann Stud 20(3):367–374.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2012.651802
13. Dewald U, Fromhold-Eisebith M (2015) Trajectories of sustainability transitions in scale
transcending innovation systems: the case of photovoltaics. Environ Innov Soc Trans 17:
110–125.
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