BTR Day 1-2 @filesneetpg
BTR Day 1-2 @filesneetpg
S
Is it too late to run
away
I hide?
·Dear students,
done
your job by showing up
here
today;
it is to deliver.
Now
my job
It is not is
exam, it OUR exam.
your
Lets do this! Whatever it takes!
Yous, Zainab
·
o
How to make the best use this class 8
·
ACTIVE RECALL
·
WRITE
REVISION
·
REVISE-ACTIVE
·
PYRs
Great
-
·God exam-skills
BTR day 1
10-12:30: Micro
12:30-2: FMT
2:45-4:15: Derma
4:15-7: OBG
7:30-8:30: ENT
8:30-9:30: Ortho
9:30-9:45: Radiology
MICROBIOLOGY
Toxins – A B
⑬
Ribosyk
"Binding
d
Actue
aR
Inhibit Protein Synthesis cAMP cGMP NT release Superantigen
m
L L ↓
EF-2- 60S - ②CT
E
↓ Cholera ST Strep (
c.
dipthenia (DT) Staph
·
A - AT EREC
Shigella
·
Anthrax
=
BT
Le LI L Tetanosnasmin I ptosis -
0=0
-
Pseudomonas
·
SLT/VLI ↓
Be
ree
EEC -Travellers'
A
exotes in I
⑦GABA/
- - -
-
ENEC
0 157:47 O
P -
PT alycine
⑬ Strychnine t
~relax
-
risus retained
↳s Pertussis
.
·get
-
- a
A
-
Aspergills
4202
2 ->
hyptococcus, Candida
-
120+ 02
merbaden Hu ~
-D xidase-
bite
soluble
->
tochin
op
-
L ⑳ L
S Sagalactice
Se
=
Draughtsmann/ SBDD
--
-amering
BEA
&
Carrow in
polysacch dies me
of early recall
exculid
Quelleng
⑧
-
S.
&
perfringes
ch
depplocoi
-
undersurf
-
--
- -
i -
I
⑭D
Marantic
⑰ NBTE=
endocardity
LSE
wanty 0
CSLE
doc
absens
ung
treuspid
-me-
MCC in IVDU/ Hospital Acquired / Acute- S. aureus ↓
- - -
curs- Y
Aerobic Anaerobic Aerobic Anaerobic
SRIDIUM I I
-g()
Polypeptide capsule (D Bulging Subterminal Spores:⑪
M'Fadyean test
for
inverted Terminal- -
Nocardio
Actinomyces
Medussa head C.tertium-Tennis racquet 1
-
C.tetani-Drumstick no
-
MYPA:
=B. cereus (Chinese)
--
=>
LISTRIA -
mimics 3
chrom
I
au
mages
-
> ceftriaxone t -
- -
Endotoxin
-
vancomy -
- Gelagrante
mpicillin
-
DOC- ·
↓ O
depthenia
↳
C.
L I L DOC-Penicillin
Chinese letter
-- Albert stan
K tellurite agar/ Loeffler removed
⑦ nece
Bull's
- -
serum slope
-
volution ( -
Bates Erst
-
--
See S ↑
& das
↓ L
GAS O
GANGRENE Accordion
A
I
Volcano
sign
⑪fringes
gangrene
⑮ C.
en Sign Pseudomemb
Th
NA coletis
dyfale
-
c.
anktrotiss
=>
[cephalosp)
rat- engine
redare Doc_Fidaxomium
A/B
a
Entertain
->
cytolism
lis
N.
mening GN
GN cocci: ·--gl
Neisscua -
C
~mannitol
-
x I -
-
violen strung
adhesions
d d ↓
Campylobacter Here
Blc adenal age
Intracellular
ai
-
Fity Carlis
-
↳
depocoi Hug
1
·skinow
⑭
en
reduce
ause
-
Waither
·
Reiter Al
in
V.vulnificus-Sepsis
Culture: THAYER MARTIN Y -
GN Bacilli Peptone
Lactose
>°
Agar
Neutral red
Lactose Fermentation LF -
-
⊝ ⊕ Taurocholate
Oxidase NLF
Fast Slow Mackoncy
⊝ ⊕ E coli Citrobacter
Klebsiella Serratia
H2S production Pseudomonas CF Enterobacter
on TSI agar Burkholderia
-
&Halleng
-
↳it
EPEC Pathogenic- Pili Pediations -
X
-
⊝ ⊕
ETEC Toxicogenic 4-CAMP-
- -
35-cGMP
travellers
-dysentery
-
Shigella
Yersinia
#°
Salmonella
Proteus
EIEC
-
-sie- -
-
-
Dysentery YUS
I EHEC
edappendicits
I
motets (60s -)
Hemorhagic SLT
-
->
Urease
swarningcalcule ~ 0157:H7
staghom
-
EAEC
-
RIF Persistentdeaines
Aggregating
-e
paun
-
-
-
Pseudomonas
• Ecthyma gangrenosum (1)
-
-
-
zoonoses
pdammate
--
MC in adults- Burkholderin
i
->
&
• Acute osteomyelitis-Nail
-
*MCC- S. aureus
-
Sickle cell- SALMONELLA &
& - -
metaphyses
-
E. coli
t I
- -
-
-
I I
Klebsulle
-
-
CO]
de
d
·g
Diene phenomenon Satellin
Chocolate agai
I
Proteus
L
->
↳.
inferenze
-
Mycoplasma
Diene staining
Fried egg
->
↳
op 4
- -
(*/E) desac
↳
its
NCL I
Eaton, PPLO agar -
M.
funfur (SDA)
-
Hematen
-
Walking pneumonia =
Cold agglutinin -
Cold AIHA
-
Bartonelle
SPIROCUETES
El
-
hensclie
reponemen Catscratch
-
Stellate
migrans
granulate
E.
etien Lyme
hard tick
-
bute
Relapsing
1
-
-
-- Heuer
0 espuia
0 MAT: MACROSCOPIC
LLeptospians
CAT: COLD
↳
-
icter hemontagic Mycoplasma
---
-
-
SAT: STANDARD
all E milk
-
lte
↳ -
Gummer
->
--
↓ d L
W
↓
10
syphili
Sash patches Alopecia 3
-philes
d
CRE 7
CARS
/ N/s/B
- -
Nemo
-
CUS
--- sec
-
pamless
hard indurated
Coxsackie
A
RMSF
=°
rese
syphils
--
- Great imitator FD
Alter
vs Acuminate &
6,11
No- vesicobulladars/printes - wants
Bushke ollendorf sign
-
-
Butopiaplague
R. Ricketsii -SF palms/soles
=>
typhu HARD
R. Africae Afrean trek typhus
-
71
Ehrilichia monocytes
->
Tak
GAM E"
Anaplasma
- - -
Granulocytes
-
->
R. Akari Ricktstal
I
Pox
-
MITE
R. Tsutsugumashi
2 typhiy
Coxiella -
fever alational
=
ick
↳
Flea-EnI -
B. plague E
& Be
Stick file. cy clops
Y Lyme D
·
1
-
-
D. Ctens
RMSF
·
Endenic -
X
-
LOUSE RF
E/A
Feene
·
Ep typhus
I O
collections
Dirty water With PISTIA
-
10km
-longest plant
Single eggs 100m shatest
-
-
Hunchback at rest
Larva parallel Single eggs
Adult angle Stripes on body and legs
-
>
0
Dengue Brugia
Malaria I EChikungunya W. Bancrofti
JE malayi
YF A strain
-
West Nile
->
DLP6
-
Zika
-
---
--
Rift valley
- -
Malaria ONE-LINERS:
Peripheral smear stain- JSB
Sandfly species
~
Thin:
Thick: Sn + 1
-
1 microscope:
- incidence
R
>
Rk39 Ag Test Hazar Most important measure of malaria control:
Best indicator of operational efficiency:
&
ac
-
Best during outbreak:
--
slide positely
ER
ROO Pre-eradication marker of endemicity
-spleen
rate
- f
-
Optional test
&
Kinetoplast olase
-
INA
-> HRP2
By
C ⑲ O
C ⑪
&
I P. Malanac
trophozorte merozoles Acolle
-
-
Gametocyte
-
Schizot
Schiff-V
James-O
Maurier-F
O
Ziemann-M
e
- alepai - Babesions
P. vivax/e L
tick
go
--
Hard
RY
-
maltese
cros
Culture Media Motility
Mannitol salt, Ludlams S. aureus
-
Tumbling- Listene
Bile esculide Enterococcus
-
Darting- vibro
Thayer-Martin Neuserna
-
Corkscrew- treprene
LJ/ Middlebrook M. t -
Lashing- Barelia
-
Mycoplasma
-
CLED
EMB 7
- E.coli ⑰ CLE) better Candida -
Quivering / twitching- Tnchomonas
EMJH Leptospira
-
s
-
TCBS -
. chalete M
Ashdown Burkholderia
/R
-
PLET Bantacis
-
cardia
MYPA -
B. cens
Selenite F Salmonella, Shigella
-
Dames
Cetrimide Pseudomonas
- ↓
Cefoxitin agar-
c.defacele trophozorte
trophos
-
=
MYCOLOLGY – Morphological Classification
some
L
·
Rhizopus
- -
Absidia
S
Bank
·
HSBC
Pd
⑳
-
B-Glucan Galactomannan Histoplasms paracocadeo
Sporotuchosis
&
Penice
rem /
invasive
aspergillosis, candidians
Blastomes talaronyces
e ypoco st
Coccidionycor
Ged fungus
HIP
S Mice
e
Aberculate
manocardia
- & 08
Gorgest
HIP resi
endospores Captain's
Chicago/ culture South American Bamboo bats
North American/
↑
Disease reservoir
Gilchrist disease
Paracocadio ↓
d --
Blastanngees
-
Valley fever ↓
artuoyscres
Hitoplasmosis Cocadlarcycons
S
Re
desertheumatism
-
-
a&
-
adulo
unevalie
wanty
doing smass
L ↓
>
Actinonyzclama Lymphangitis
↳ --
yellow
robeof !
in S. aureus
Enmycetime - black
↳
- - -
- -
CHROMOBLASTOY 1 -
⑧tuchosis in
Aster
---
Bolyrnycons amox-claw
perpening -
-
S. aureus
Schaumann
I
Bodies
↳ --
Rose Medlar -
->
gardeneren Asterid
'Are
=
·L
-
polysacch *
Capsule O
ococus For
Ink
India
Aspergillus
-
obtuse
3
seplate -
nonseptate
Acute
L
L Man
Latex
->
⑲
aggluti
-
-
su
most
- -asfit
Bird seed agar
doping
~Cottage cherry
8 CANDIDA
-cardy
↳sendohyphal
budding,Reynold phenol (
-> Geum formation
tube
com meal
Blu MIV/AIDS
Bl
again
->
940s
m
+
Inlancy dospres ⑮
Sickle/
ball
- crusher pingpong
Come
agai ⑰ Pond/pugpong #
signature -
depressed I
CESNDES DH-Humans
00
①
staining
Movie
staryshy -E.
It
Mana
-
opercular
L
F
-
↳diminula
Grematode
Tinea -
1:host
t I
taper
-
--
~
ileum
sagmala Dwarf
solum D. Latum
- ·
(NCC] d tapeworm
-
-
h
tapewam
↓ CATTE 1-
PIG
= cyclops
2-fish /
NEMATODES
~Paragonemic
lungs
L ⑳ L
&O
I ↓
Sdiffar
Enterobius I Triomen's Blastomeres
Strongyladies
Fertilised
-
Pinworm -
I avo-vivi
- ↓ unfertilised dy
whephone Hokwan
Nin
~ scotch ↑
Dis
/
stone,
im
--
·
rectal
tape Necatur
'swab
-
-
test
-
prolapse -
-
ameucanes
penanal
prandis
TREMATODES & termine,
Infective form: metacercan
I
S- cercaine Lat
Transmission: fecooral
-
-
S- skin
Sexes- hermaphrodits
S- separate
sexes
Eggs- operculated No flexible
spine
S- SPINE
Ans
Definitive host-
S. Mansmi
Primary Intermediate- SNAILS
Second Intermediate- -Scien Schematotium
S-
smartAs
-
-
mesentenc L
Fasciola Opistants.
Paragonimus inf mesentanc sup
plexus vencal
the
=>
r Conorches
plexus
I
Fresh
aquatic
↳
Fish fetsl skull ↓
⑳l act
fibrous
-
~H. nana
NEHA NON BILE STAINED
Meat Amayana
SUIT.
Enterobus
DON’T FLOAT Trea
/
↑
1 int
strongly lordes Heperors
unfertilised
CHES Tymea Acamie
I nana Entering AUTOINFECTION
osprndum
-
DOC-Nitazoxanide
HIV/AIDS +
↳ dianhea
0
AFQ
Kinyoun
DOC-TMP-SMX
8-10u
stang
I
0 cold za
DOC-TMP-SMX
I Isospora
pao-30a
-
Microfilariae Morphology
~- -
A.Wuchereria bancrofti
I=
B.Brugia malayi
C.Loa loa
~
D.Onchocerca volvulus
-
E. Mansonella perstans
NO
=>>
intssuscept
SINGLE COPY
-
-
M
dsDNA ssDNA Retrovirus
exa 2 copies
-
UNSEGMENTED HY
-
- -
Bunya-
B 8
-
S
Nonenveloped HP's Enveloped Influenza
·
Parvovines
-
Rota
I
-
=
Ar "2
-
Nonenveloped A Arena
-
-
->
Smallest
Adenwin Heapes
--
-
Nucleic acid replication
x2y/ EBU/cmy/ DNA RNA
Spaceships -nv 6/7/8 I
-
Replicates Le
~HPY papillare ⑯ through an RNA
intermediate
e Nucleus cytoplasm
exc
papora
-o Largest
↳ exc
R I M
polyoma
--
Complex
Pox-cytoph L d -
d
arrage
symmetry small
Cytoplasm trut Measte
monkey
enge
"Decoy cells m
contagione
HSX
=>
multruded
dome moulding
margination
rodies -
umbilicating
>
Negin
↓
-Rabies Cowdry A: HAL
Lipshultz bodies-
Mollersum
contagious
Lendrum’s Phloxine Tartrazine
Seller stain
erampus/Puskege a
Torres bodies-
Cowdry B: b pow
koilocytes
L itic
⑭ - al
eye
I&
-
oesophile
~
u
waithen-
RS +
Measles Finkeldey eosinophilic
⑧ &
- Moospot/Paud-
Wine Helenophile agglot
-
stit -
Bunnel
-21 iBLBurkt
a
~Bull
Lu
Tells NPC I
CD8 gastic
Iiing
ce
calls
Downey
-> mononuclears
infections
First Disease Measles (Rubeola) W -
F
making
I
in +
12
me of SSPE
performance
-
a all
uprenors delayed
Second
*
Scarlet Fever
-
L I
Diseases I
Spyogenes/Grp A) Kopik Spots
-
Forscheimer spots
Third Disease ⑦
Rubella fever trash slapped
neck
(xx)
I
Fourth Disease Duke’s Disease
Fifth Disease -Erythema Infectiosum
-
Parovirus
BIS desquamatie in
ragh pastia
Sixth Disease Roseola Infantum Feuer lines
Adog
Rash
&
=
Sublim
- -
Nagayans
-
Exanthem
OO
“Crash & Burn”
Kawasaki
Conjunctivitis
desase
Rash
Adenopathy ul carical"
↳- La
Strawberry tongue
-
Hands swelling
--
>
BURN (fever lasting > 5 days)
I
+asparin
Y
&
=- ↳esyanerical
coronary aneyre
A
steators
I
~
↑
0 ↓
dead-
enais
-
end
↓ ifers
Reassatment
Influenzar ⑰ --
L Point
mutation
~ sudden
SHIFT 3
=
DRIFT -
slaw
pandences
Lepidences
- ↑
-
->
A -
0
I
Dengue Antibody -
dependent ephaly
* enhancement Cah-GM-woja
-
-
1st -Australia Ag= Epidemiological marker:
HBsAg
- HBs Anti- Anti- HBe Anti-
IgM -Acite Ag HBs HBc Ag HBe
Ig9-Chrone + - IgM ⑧
+ - Acute
hep King
O
+ - IgG 0
+ -
⑧
0 -
- Chrnep Ring
=
- - 0
+
-
-
-
-
-
IgM
-
-
IgM
-
+
I
+
0
-
-
Acute
hep ring
window
penod
-
--
- ⑧
+
-
IgG - 0
+
-
Remote past
E
Associations: Recovered
Hep B VS Hep C - ⑧
+ - - - vaccene -
Imanaus
↓ -
⑭sol.
X
-
ayog lobulencance
BIOTERRORISM AGENTS
-I
Category A: Smallpox, Anthrax, Botulism, Plague, tularemia,C
viral
hemorrhagic fever (yellow fever, KFD, Ebola, Marburg, Lassa)
-
- -
~
virus
Wimp-M.
**
sepsis
I
DERMATOLOGY
ro's aganulosis
s. concer 'Las mabers
->
-
-
Parakeratosis: Psonais
-
IHyperkeratosis: Ismars, LP
-
S. Gradem
-
-
Orthokeratosis: LP
palms 8 soles
-
shyperate
e
-
~
Keratohyde gin *D=
S.granulosum-odland
space
myosi
-
bodies
etic
↳
Cfishnet)
S.
~Langerhans eczene.
Birbeck
spinosum CD 1
-
a t
grameles
(turckess) 9-100 I
Langen)
Eg-eprg
--
CD 207
③
-enocyte
Merkel
- S. basale
cell CK7-
->
colon ca
- (k20
-
↑
↓ L ↓ L L
TARGET
EryMenra
dosum
-genation
multiforme Emigrans
E.
-
Eggratm
⑫F
no
I ↓
tender-shin HSK
Jones' Lyme D adenoce
panniculitis
- mycoplasma k
game
&
IBD/sidious
·
- fewer t the CN
Hogren's Heerfordt
~-
↓ ↓ L
a
->
silvery
sales ·
pencet-in
drap oil Anspitz sign
Artrates
·
me-
⑭ subungal hypeckerations
·
mutilary- Beckley
Psonasis membrane
Telescoping
doc
- Koebner :
-
LP X
isintage
&
min
Pseudo – Koebner : inoculations
HPV warts
Reverse Koebner :
Psoriasis
:
d
~Plane
" Pterygium/puptently
cral
I
patches
-people strial
Wickham's
⑭
↓
Hypergranulosis
-
I - ↑
C
Lichen
wipe on
EBX
X
S
nitidus
wipe
~
-DIDA claw clutching
ball
A
0
+
hypopge
kon-
sphagette
mas
↓ meatball
d Herald
patch
tree E Feicolar -
are
sea colarette/
I aganette
nnv 6/7
MD paper in
u
- Reassure
&
scales
↑
L L
mycusted hampeligs ipels its
metige ↓
saued
des
farmi
well-def
strep/Staph
Follicles
-
O ...
Furrcle
Carbuncle
2
-44
NF
-
all lagers
* as
#
↑ ↳
Eit FOURNIER SANDRENE Mancy's
ganger
- SSSS
e bullae
Campylobacter afant
+
Rieter’s syndrome VS Ritter’s syndrome -
/ - uptung
e
-
aral xx
/)
-
a Le
⑬
<10. 330%
↓ STS-FEN
armulis ↓
--
deme
en urunatantsoral
-
-
dung
-
-
&
↓ ↓ L L
trasma
wood's coral red
mosis
wedge
negreans
re
dradentis
-
Corynebacterium minutissimum Po
-
DM supplerate
adenoce
C Hailey
Harley
I >
&
hop grams
ronds
crop
Longitudinal
ling
->
Usplit
Dilapidated
brick wall
appearance
-
Scarring Alopecia:
Sli
⑭
Non-scarring Alopecia: ↓ L
3months- effemi
Telogen
Chemotherapy-
Accessible areas-
estress Hender
L
roggy Scutula
FANUS
Filhotillomania KERION
nee
T. Schontensi
A To meulo
igrophyte
c I -
2
i
Hair Perforation Test:
Microtubule
-
Griseofulira
DOC -
⑦
A
-]
0 coun
-
/frontat
↓
Haritton
swarm bees
-
of
Exclamatory mark sign
Nail: Regular
pitting
-
paleng
-
Going white overnight -
--
fecia
areata -
Ludwig
minoxidil topical
e < Finasteride
- -
000
G
I 0
ac
Dascopy -
↓
P
nodules
apple
jetly me-Sclofulodeins
children
↳volgenis
-
Central Scarring:
-
&
Central Clearing:
& Tinea componin zen
scrofuloscum
=
X- ↳ Interculide
Central0
Crusting: Kala asan -
--
⑭ ⑮
2
⑬
80
&
W
E
1 3 3 10 10 -
30 30-100
1
- -
-satelete
-
nerve
lesims
absers
reverse
annular
saucer
⑬ ⑫
TT BT BB BL LL
1. Number of lesions ___________________________increase I ⑪
2. Well-defined, elevated margins______________ill-defined
-
I
4. Sit Skin Smear (SSS) negative__________________positive ↑
- -
5. Anesthetic lesions _________________ sensations present
-
Lazarine: malmitation -
nodulo-vicerative Earliest sensation lost--- -
-
PBL MBL
-
I
10000
Skin lesions 0-5 >5
SSS AFB
-
⑦ ⑰
MDT duration 6 mon 12 man
-
-
MDT
>°
·
I
Adult
X
600mg OAMS 100mg OD 300mg OAMS+
=
=
X 50mg OD
-
Type 1 Type 2 CEN)
⑤
#
Hysn reaction: -
typeIV Type I
Seen in: BB LL
Relation to relation
⑦
treatment: In 12 mon
of
C/F: RED new nochulen
pre-existing
-
Systemic feer
involvement:
⑦ +f
artalgia
Treatment: Stelads
st_DOC
- --
Ralidomide
NSAIDS most
effective -
-
-
↓ L
L
-
---
E
- -
-
Gray ②
-
- Ganambee -
Chlamydia
IOC - -
NAAT
Differential diagnosis of vaginitis
- Adida
Diagnosis Bacterial vaginosis Trichomoniasis Candida vaginitis
faginatio
Examination
B.
vaginosis
(Gardnerella vaginalis) Trichomonas
(trichomonas
vaginalis)
(candida albicans)
labeug
-
-
Laboratory findings CLUE
-
CELLS -
Amsel's -
-
-
0
culeire
-
-
0
-
- --
-
- -
Treatment
- Metronidazole or
=>>
clindamycin
-
Metronidazole; treat
sexual partner
Fluconazole
-
--
⑭
-
- -
-
-> - -
I -
- I
-
>
=>
&
-
->
D
-
0 -
BAD
-DCMS -
-
APPROACH TO GENITAL ULCERS
Painful Painless
/ L -
0
0
L
L ↓ Butoes
besicles
erosions n.
ducreie 1
syphilis -gettin I
agercators Chlamydia
ROD
-due
CHANCRE
X ↳4x
2 X
↳
-
F
e
Donovanosis
Vesico-bullous diseases
zellae
flaccid -
-
I
EPIDERMAL subconcal
(P.ecythematos
-
DSG-1: P
->
foliaceous us -
DSG-3: O
P.
vulgains 1 p.regetans -
suprabusal ⑳ -
- BP 73
ulcers
-
EB
acquisila
-
-- cral
DERMAL
Bullons
BRAg pearphigord-tense
mule*
Salt split IF:
-
Roof-
BEpidemolis
=>
Floor- Gullosa
MECHANO-BULLOUS -
I S P. vilgans
&
P. vulgan's re
↳a
Anti-Dag
Nikolsky sign+
Hense 00 I
extensor printer
y peal Re
some
L ↓
194/3
Linear
A Ocollar
descase
papillar tip-
↑⑮A granular
⑬ high
manidinessthe
-
napetiforis
-
I Epidermal pregn
-
brown y I
&
OUS
-
-
↑
V
->
⑦
wood I UX CHLOASMA/ hsign Becker's
al
MELASMA
Chikungungen
news
due
slate
gray
0
11
↓
golia of
News News of
spots Ota
= ⑰
I L
0 j
I
- contact leukodems
I ↑
Lmicus
Nevs
Hydroquinone: rubber
Island
24 of sparing
-
Parabutyl phenol:
-
indi
-
- -
-
-
Leleochrome iris
00
--
L
I
telenguclavas
d ↑
membrane I
fishnet-Ithyois Patch t
&
test
genis Lamellar
-
Abe
Fellagin ictyosis
-
Callergic intact
-
colloida membrane
4
hrs, she
↓ L d L
&/
Heliotrope
As
Ash Gottan
CALMS
Sebaem
leaf papules
L
e
NF 1 L 17) ⑬
*
-
↳
-
9,16
Nr2(22) -
T
-
=
H
-
-
Sirolimus
Forensic Medicine
Types of injuries
Abrasion -
epidermal
Bruise -
submit space
Contusion ⑧ solid
organ Laceratios
Incession
Laceration
I
-
Incision
=
E
Stab
i
- 2
Chop
-
depth
↳
enging Edges: sharp irregular
Floor: A clean ingucy
Tissue bridges: - ⑰
Bruise:
-
⑰
0 O
0
L
Graze abrasion pressure enf
abrasion tram track
Gravel/Gresh design
--
Six
penny Greise
burn bruise
breye
ectopia i
(one) # I
diaprpesX
comean
melaphyseal
ARTIFICAL BRUISE:
Firtant-vesicles
witching.
d d
↓ I d
L
retation
Defence Arborisa/
Incised
&
looking wounds
laceration
wounds
Lichetrg
-
flower
Borderlinespelling
I
igreedens
bony promiences
9/
Dialectal rening
-
-
electrical
ing
-
crocodile
Joule turns
& BT
G
AC
-Grease
Abrasio
dwiped
Collar
I
*
-
cipe of off
⑬ -demis
ech ce ⑦
if pic
-
%o
shotgut
L
L
of
I
L ↑
.....
Le
I I I
rec all
I
Distant
chemy
enetemedete
cruciate
-
I
-
⑯
/
e BBT
~
XBB xBBT
BBT -
inside
~GC/Ac
I -GC/A2
x
G2/Ac
I I ↳
/ -
⑥
Stun
0
E
⑳ -
0 o
⑧
00
2: O
0
06
E
-
-
C
rathole
E
-
10-Class
Types of Bullets: fingerpraling
Bullet -
↳ ⑲ en make
-
↑
I
Piggyback/
Tandem all
Ricochet
Dumdum
--
--
Frangible
-
-
-
& -- -
-
-
-
- -
I Exit wound-Everted
-
Dermal
- nitrate test ->
Gunshot
-
Kennedy phenomenon esdie
00- -
~
↑
- iatrogenic sest
of wound
Exhibitionism Exposing ones’s genitals to an unsuspecting person or
performing sexual acts that can be watched by others
↳294
Frotteurism Touch or rubbing against a non-consenting person
&
I
Hemlich's obese
alcohol
smothering Gagging
king
-
-
Trust
-
e
-
en
-
me
L
↓ L
*In Traumatic
asphyxia -
asphyxia
-
Strangulation:
throttling
-
Mugging O
Bansdola -
Garolling I
Spanish windlash
Features Hanging Strangulation
Direction Oblique
-
Transverse
Continuity Non- continuous Continuous
-
Base
⑳
Pale, hard,
parchment-like
-
Soft and reddish
hyxia
Hyoid fracture Abduction # Adduction # d
-last
low and
dog
of
sale
Surest Sign of Antemortem Hanging:
La Faire
my sympathies
Fresh Water vs Salt –Water Drowning
-
8↳
Er
Mg
4kt
= 1/ d
r ↓
ter
Gavin
Ly
test
spasm
Dry Drowning:
=
laryngospasm M
loss
- of AAP
soindete
-
Near Drowning:
-
death-survived
>
drawing
-Sepsis
⑦ elex
-
Paltauf’s hemorrhage
Immersion syndrome:
- --
↳ ⑮ Tardeau
⑩
-
pleural uge
xieges
-
A
-
1 D ⑧
What
p
Arch
*diff
-
-
Pelvic inlet, outlet Larger Smaller
Coccyx
anteriorly
-
Moveable and more curved Immovable and less curved
anteriorly
Public arch
-
Wider V shaped
Subpubic Angle
-
Greater than 90 o Less than 90o
Pelvic brim ⑧
Large and round Small and heart-shaped
Sciatic notch O
Wider Narrower
Obturator foramen Small and triangular-shaped
-
&
Large and oval-shaped
Sacroiliac joint
-
surface
Short, wider and curved
&
Long, narrow and straight
Pelvic acetabulum
-
Small and faced anteriorly &
Large and faced laterally
frame
O
S are
e
A notch
Feature Male Female
⑧
Architecture Rugged Smooth
Plate Large, broader and U shaped Smaller and parabola
Occipital condyle
⑧
Large Small
Supra orbital ridges
Digastric groove ⑧ Prominent
More deep
Less prominent
Less deep
Mastoid process
&
Large and blunt Small and pointed
Zygomatic arch O
More prominent Less prominent
Occipital protuberance &
Well marked Less marked
Frontal eminence -
Small O
Large
Parietal eminence - Small
&
Large
Orbits - Square with smooth margin -
Rounded with sharp margin
-F/P eminence
-Nasal aperture
-Female forehead, orbit, chin round
Zim of
1
-
-
⑱
-taparecenee 1
2 mon:
3 mon:
CR1 + >12y ⑰ 3yr:
-
4yr:
- -
-
LMO
by by by by log 12y ↓ d
5-6yr:
By 15y" by 9-12yr:
(10y)
~Elbow
-
---
17- 18
· (y]
-
ESHA Ki wast
-
M
IIIII)
&
&al
O
-
I
(III)
X
⑳ -
-
a
PM caloricity:
=
Heat stroke
Pontine cdte
5
hemorrhage
Sepsis
NOT BURNS
seating
XX
-
PM lividity:
CO
Cherry red-
Brick red-
Chocolate- cyanide
Marbling sigmoid
nitutes
- sulfmethHb ② platean
Linear (d) Rigor mortis
S First- myocardium
18hs Parabola
(b) First external-
Nysten’s rule
eyclid
->
Rule of 12
-
Order in autopsy:
1) Poisoning ->
canty 1st-smell
cranial
2) Newborn -> abdo 1st
3) Asphyxia -> Neck last Diaphragm
-
Virchow- H - T
=
Letulle- en masse
A-
-LM ①preern/faul Not hemid-Sweetish Hot/Goddu
dy
-
Ipreser
Ghon- en block -Blog Casper’s dictum
A WE
->
--
->
of viscera
Rokitansky-
--
EmetaHIV/COND 1: 2:8
Superfetation VS Superfecundation:
Eri i Semans
->
deff cycle -
-
-houses
Barberio test- Spermine acid
--
-
picric
BSP
-
Entange /Bastiado
& datan
wet
submarine
Telefono
I e
&
Parrot
perch jaw have atte
proding Hog lying
Declaration
Tokyo, Istanbul Protocol,
Hamburg declaration torture-bad
Hongkong -
elder abuse
Venice -
feminal illness
Oslo -
abortrai
- - -
Hippocratic oath
Malta
stake
Hunger
->
-
-
1
L OPI carbamatex
-
Miosis ochronosis
Baled lobster Copioid
·
--
(oil
-
-
vituo)
chalky teeth
Corrosive Poisoning:
-Acid: coagulative necross
we both Stomach Mucosa
-
perform
=> Leather- CARBOLIC ACID
-> FGL
* Monday morning
1) fever + chills:
chemy ↳sinosso
2) Chest tightness:
3) sickness (headache): Nitrates
down/It --
in
ty
-
Canthardin
⑳ Priapism
-Histox,- (IV)
- I
0
0
-- Comman
brant
-easin
ELAPIDAE
-
-> AN
->
I ASY
11 Viper lau
u
N -Sea snake
tie
N
-
- Hydrodac
d L
Abrus lan Ricnus/
Semicarpus/ Schnine
--
-
Castor
Bhilwanol
post
synaptic
cal brine
-
L
↓
ite
Mees' lines raen
drop &
Mallecan
Bone
&
⑬
-
Dus
T
0
Tactile Hallucination CEA Garlic Odour:
yjaw
Cocaine
Magnum bugs
C
ALP white
-
-- toxic
↳Ergot As As yellow
1 R ↓
lines Minamata disease Black
Claptoman -Mad Hatter’s = Glass
-
-
-
Budonian ↓
I
tremors
-Erethism
hi-te
11 M cA -
-Gingivostomatitis
"apper erug
-
1 2
Pb
Fe
Menury
AchE O
-=
Organophosphates VS Carbamates
L ↓
irreversible reversible -
miosis
mins ↓
-
↓
⑧ R ->
Atropine + R
-Alropine
Hura(
A
ximes
-
I Thorapple
Hyosine - Atop me
-
-
B -
Physostognence
FBBB
ANTIDOTES:
PCM +N-Acetyl
cysteine Alkalinization of urine:
M
Methanol, Ethylene glycol Fomepizole ->
Barbiturate
BZD -> Flenazemit Chlorpropamide
&
TCA -
NaNCOS -- DRS >100ms
B blocker -
-(came Methotrexate
NSAIDs
salveglale
-
Glucagon
-
&>
Cyanide Sulfonamide
-
ile's
bit Nitrite
Na ->
A thiosulfate
+
- cyanocobalamine
Meth Hb
&
-
Heparin CI:
Protanure so,
-
-
Dabigatran
Iron
-
-
Idamcizumab
Desteioxamine
-
↳
Lead -
ED i
Copper (D-penicillarine
ferrocyanide
-
E
Organophosphate -
-
83- Fyr-maternity
toxicated
0 McNaughten
84-
rule
s
7
12y
85- red
-
0 untersich <7y
-
86- intech
87- >18yr- consent
consent
89- </yr
- <12y
90-
-
-2
Invalid consent
-
intoxicated / insane
understand
92- Whid
⑧ consent
191-
Perying
false evidence
192- Fabricating
e
0
193- -
-
Punishment
197-
I
False certificate
x
preserve
201-
*
↳ing evidence
emtalnung ->
300- CH-murder
Mental
302- as me
e
304- Punesh -
CH
-
⑬ Elements of Negligence
304 A- negligency
Criminal
&
Duty
304 B- He
owry
death
Ayr
-
>
Breach of Duty
Act Must Be
Done
498A -
Damages
Harrasment
(melty
-
to -
I
312: CA I consent
of
a
313: CA cant
consent
of
314:
- -
-
CA I death
of
315: Infantiude
=
317: child
-
- Abandoning
318:
-
conceal birth
-
i. Emasculation.
E
E
ii. Permanent privation of the sight of either eye.
iii. Permanent privation of the sight of either ear.
319- MURI iv. Privation of any member or joint.
v. Destruction or permanent impairing of any
member or joint
Gr HURT
320- vi. Permanent disfiguration of the head or face
vii. Fracture or dislocation of a bone or tooth
viii. Any hurt which endangers life or which causes
C
the sufferer to be during the space of twenty
C
days in severe bodily pain or unable to follow
his ordinary pursuits
&
attach
Acid
326 A-
at attach
and
326B- Attempt
375- RAPE dife
376 - Punishmentrape
(death
376 A ->
peem vegetative
376 B
-
- of
separation manage
& rape
Custodial
"authority
1/
376 C T
-
-
376 D I
Gang
-
rape
376 E ->
REpeat offence
377- sexual
offences
Unnatural CONSENSUNL
CrPC
Police inquest: Minimum rank
I
53-
Exam" accused
rape 0 0
Sub-inspector-Sexual offences
Head constable-Others
53A- - Judicial magistrate-Custodial
- death
Sexual Assault case: Duties of doctor
164a -Rape
rictm exam" 1) Inform police
-
174- Police
inquest 4) Written refusal
-
5) Provide
-
diagnosis and treatment
Time limit:
Vaginal swab- 96hr) Lugol's
176- Magistrate inquest -> -
iodine)
-
Semen sample- 72hr
IEA
32-
Byaration
&
45-
Expect wither
154- witness
Hostile
-
-
OBG
Mullerian Anomalies
IOC: 3D USG/MRI
⑨GOLD STD:
Laparoscopy Hysteroscopy
+
tester abortions -
I
-
↳
Best reproductive outcome: Arcuate > Diadelphys
Uncommon lie in diadelphys: transverse
Max association with renal anomaly: unconiate
ij
-
--
E
DES related mc malignancy: clear cell ca vagina
-
adenosis
DES related mc malformation: Hypoplastic Her
-
Straussman
toplasty teroscopic
septum
resection
-
->
septate
3DUSG MRI
INFERTILITY
Initial Investigation: semen analysis Semen
parameters
WHO 2010 WHO 2020
I
volume
APPROACH TO AZOOSPERMIA: Sperm 15 million/ml 16 million/ ml
concentration
FSU testosterone Total motility 40% 42%
LH
-Esk e
Progressive
motility
32% 30% I
I
- LA
Viability 58% 54%
&
-
am Est
↑
FSUIM Morphology 4% 4%
test
↓ testosterone important
⑯tre
=
failure
testrcular
Kallman S, e ↓
S
pit varicole/architis-D
Female infertility
MCC of female factor- Anovulation
WHO grade- ⑳I
OVULATION:
MC- Usa Follicular monitoring
-
Best- d21
progestione 2 Nul)
-
⑬
Biopsy-d21-seco -ovul/endometites
Gold standard-
OVARIAN RESERVE
MC- IS 0. >
Best-
Am
TUBAL FACTOR:
Initial- 454
-
BE
-
⑩ septate
Best-
Lap chromopentubation -
metagene Here
-
APPROACH TO AMENORRHEA
-up te
Imperforseen
mer
incisio
on
t -
Transverse
maxing
-
rag septum
me
S listen
- Mulleuan
agenci
-
SRY
=>
>
-
-
X
↳
ext
def gen
I
x 2/3
FT
x ot x
upper
- rag
oraries
lameword
means,
WPLOD
IO ↳
Karyotyping Premature
ovarian ~
failure
-> anal
bleed
GONADAL DYSGENESIS
-
woman
Secondary sexual characteristics:
-
⑦ gameS
amenochial
D&C
I
45XO 46XY 46XX en
↓
!
HOPPR -
Tens Swyer's
- >
The
gonadal dysgenes
- >
-
----sky
L BMI <185 - anorexia
⑦breast
uter ->-Am anosmis - Kallan S
Turner's
doblastin
- -
-
i
00 ale
CONTRACEPTIVES-NFWP
L
d
d d ↓
Cut 380A Cut 375 Male Female
d
Mulkload Condom conden
Ds
L
durethane
-
S
Mirena (LNG-1VS)
AO
- -5gr (xNewP) X NFP
no menorhagic
CONTRACEPTIVES-NFWP
as
L
Lulaefere A ↓
Oc--N
CDRI, Lucknow
150mg ⑮
⑮man
.
LMG
0.15mg
-
O
X
ringapplicater
-
verces needle 1.52
salisticFalse
rings 15. CO2
-
-
<15mm
CO2
beganient ug
s
Interval:
e-lap
->
MTP:
↳ Aymensalmy]
Post-partum:
Concurrently
Consent of spouse:
-
1st
-
~ MBBS
Not needed
CONTRACEPTIVES
E P
+
d ↓ I I
E P
⑳
+
Nura
Diaphragm Today sponge mig
- -
speiicidal
agent
-
nonoxynal- 9
CONTRACEPTIVES
↓
POP
oscopied
>
ESSURE
-
-
-34 x 2.4mm: 6 Silicone capsules
I immed
Esug ⑭ reversible
T
I
a effecture
EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTIVES
-OCP Juzpee
-
-MIFEPRISTONE
>
Misoprostol [PGE
-
Danazol
- -
↓ Mirene
- -
⑮
effecti
LNG
1.5mg
-
-
most
↳
⑬
Contraceptive of choice:
In
pills
↳
Pace
wok
tree
2
1/2 314
day
next a
e
I wa
APPROACH TO ENLARGED OVARIES
- Rotterdam
Is
Omm follicles - -
L
string ofpearl
·
CIF -
t
page
Birch
·
⑬ Melforn
-
-
etility
USE
Intracepr:
&
9:
-
Letrozole) are
&
LOCP
LEOPOLD MANOUEVERS
d
↓ L L
Fundal grip hat/
-
unfilical Pelvic
-
-
PAWLICK --
grip gi
I
altitude
at
L
Hypopgrodios presenting
part
the
PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN PREGNANCY
④ ⑳ constant
Blood/plasma/RBC volume Hematocrit
-
BT, CT
-
Retic count Hb
WBC count -
Platelet EF
-3
All clotting factors F 11/13
-Fibrinogen Protein C/S
=
IRV
↓ESR RR
SHBG/TBG, Total protein
- >
not
of tryrsine* p
PVR
BP
Vital capacity
TLC
⑧
CO, HR, SV
FRC
COMPLIANCE
=
⑧
IC
I
TV
MV
Sr Urea
E-
Uric acid/Creatinine
1 -
N in
-
pregnancy
RBF, GFR e
Vaginal pH late
Early pregnancy USG
D
~
as Isac
- -
retus Pyle Double blet
↓
surest slo embryo
&
tis-4.5-5wh -
Anacon
-
IUP 6.5-Twoks
yolk
Intradeadual sign
-
-> sae
rest
~ 5.5-6whs Fr
I Double decidual 7.5-8 wis
slo viability --
the
is
Nuchal translucency 3mm -
aneupl) in
anomalies
Ist
Nuchal fold thickness -and tunester -6mm
e
Dual marker: HCG f PAPP-A Down-UCaI
&
-
-
PAPPAL
-
nEE
4G4
Quadruple marker: -
Unheau- ↓ L
NIPT:
sening
- CONFIRMATORY
Be Gct
ranulare
I -
Chorionic Villous Sampling Amniocentesis Cordocentesis
(c) -xx
-
-infred
felat
10-13 wks.
Trophoblasts
⑪ felat 15-20 wks.
-
-
Amniocytes, fetal
18-20 wks.
Fetal blood cells anemia
-
dermal fibroblasts
-
Molar pregnancy
Complete Partial 0
--
paternal
-
L
=-
-
Snowslam
-
appearance ⑭-to
evacuation
L
Ca F/U
>
Q. 26-year-old woman G2P1 at 12 weeks POG comes with vaginal bleeding for 2 hours. She
has soaked 2 pads fully. BP is 100/70mm Hg, pulse is 88/min. Pelvic examination reveals0open
os with vaginal bleeding. Bimanual examination reveals 6weeks uterus What is the likely
-
diagnosis? -
150 b
A. Ectopic pregnancy
B. Incomplete hydatidiform mole
-
- Incomplete
C. Missed abortion
open -
inevitable
D. Incomplete abortion -
-
E. Normal pregnancy
Incomplete
Os open
Inevitable
Os open
Complete
Os closed
malened
Os closed
-
Missed
Os closed
0
-
- -
Bleeding + Pain + Bleeding + Pain + Bleeding stopped Spotting, Pain + Spotting, Pain +/-
Uterus smaller Uterus equal Uterus smaller Uterus equal Uterus smaller
-
= -
USG: RPOC
-
USG: Fetus, no USG: Empty ET USG: Fetus, FCA +
-
USG: No FCA
-
FCA
- -
e n --
Progesterone
-
Rest
Ectopic pregnancy
PUL
neg signtire prege UPT + Empty Uterus
-ent
i
&
Next: B-NCG
-
18h X
-
-
-- ectopic
CRITERIA:
↳abo Cervical- Rutian (Palman
Ovarian- Spielberg
Abdominal- Studdiform
Mx –Ruptured: LBP ExpCaparatory
-
I
-Motivated
mu,
-HCG : 5000
Day 1: MTXO im
-FCA : absent Day 4, 7 : B-HCG
- -
-No CI to Mtx
PIH
Pathophysiology: Failure of invasion of spiral artery by extra-villious trophoblasts
Condition Criteria
Chronic hypertension
>170/90 -
<20wls POG
Gestational hypertension > 140/90 -
>2001 POS
§ Dipstick 1+ persistent
Severe Preeclampsia / HELLP
Tenesse
⑰-schstosytes
-
EPC
-
-
Match
600
Eclampsia
Seizures
Antihypertensives in pregnancy: Eclampsia:
Labetalol DOC
dong
max oral-2
-
-
~
Methyldopa
iv
-MCC of death: IC nemorhage
Nifedipine
-
Nitroprusside ng &
-DOC:
-
e
Nitroglycerine -REGIMEN Pritchard 119
Hydralazine
5g/5g M
-
ARB/ACE 49 ix t
Betablockers
Diuretics
⑳ ⑮
-Therapeutic level-
Monitoring-
Greg
I
⑰ exiest
I Antidommate
-
RR
-
& arrest
GDM -
24-28whs oos
-
D &
DIPSI
(wro] 75 g OGTT ≥ 140
X
Congenital anomalies DM
-MC CVS - YSD
-Most specific CVS -> T4A
-Most specific overall -> caudal
regression &/ sacral
agenei
->
Macrosomia -
>Abg
Liquor: --
Neonatal:
-
-
-
Hypoglycemia
-
Pol y hydranmens
Pendled
hypothers
LIVER DISEASES IN PREGNANCY
e
HELLP
L
AFLP
I
0
ICP Viral
Hepatitis
⑰pe
anenue
-
Un >600 ↓glycemia
-
BANDST
↑NU3
EL Y2x El 10-50x4
& - UDCA
#3- 5x
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Sappor/sydney
Clinical Criteria Laboratory Criteria
• Vascular Thrombosis • Anti-Cardiolipin IgG/M
-
omits
Anticoagulation in pregnancy
⑮I
L al
are
Emwn
is
36rly
was
I 12-36 I
- -
X L
LMWH
warfa -
PR-stem
FETAL MONITORING
-
0
W m
O -
-
⑳teable
water oxytocin⑭an
odd
CTG - acc+ contro
=
re ↓ I
A
⑭Tanteparters Reache
NST
- --
-
e
- -
-
R:Repeat
NST anenig
110-1606pm
a
fever ↓X
-> 1606pm
I
acceler
150pm
-
>55
-
(prolonged Rom)
&
-
charicamnionalis
Mean
20 min ~ -
DOPPLER IN PREGNANCY
UMBILICAL ARTERY
-
UTERINE ARTERY ⑦
MCA
I
-w
predict
early
-
- meet ⑳ anemia
-absent preclampsis
sawto
Rhisolman
11.
Reversal
<3 bwhe-stands atop
whe
-
- - immediate
TOP
>1.5MOM
- -
-
MODIFIED BISHOP SCORE ->
ripening
cervical
Cervical Feature 0 1 2 3
Induction of labour:
>6-ripe -
-
-
NUD
&
Dinoprostone: PGE2
eine
get
I
-
Misoprostol: PGEl -
Mifepristone
-
Oxytocin-
Foley’s
-
Stripping of membranes
~
A
Active Phase
Stages of Labour CPD
Protracted N-<1.2cm/mM- < 1.5cm/hu
Arrest No
diln--> LSCS
-Fundal pressure X
Definition of Labour (ACOG): 6cm -
--
-Routine episiotomy X
-Lithotomy X
Stage 2 ->
baty expulsion AMTSL: ↓ v0PPH
-10IU oxytocin within 1min
Stage 3 ->
placenta -
h after delivery
-Intermittent assessment of uterine tone
Stage 4 -
-Delayed cord clamping
-
eptras
aneasier
TYPES OF PELVIS
Face to pubis:
-
I Antipod
-
DTA: Andrad
-
-
-
moulding
O
Infra-umbilical flattening and FHS in
&
- flank:
Op
-
Management: it
watch to
- -
Ap >trav
-
-
ASuboccipitobregmatic 9.5 cm
z
-
Complete flexion
-
-
Vertex
-
Foley's E2
Dinoproslime
↑ ④
bimanual
pinl/nym
- -
⑭z 250
ug*
PGE,
-
=-
saibals -
-
-
-
uterene - Navian
L
storl condan
Inle
(anti)
catheter
*
~
-
~
·
UAE
PERINEAL TEAR
d Yexhus
X
I Jenn immed -
↓
-
pan
imm
&
> 6w
-Jo
repair
-
TYPES OF PLACENTA
ilobed CC urcminoiginate
Marginall -
-
--
xelamentors
Medare
Pa
-
PREVIA
NASA
&
-
asphyxia
-
centrate
-
I
⑧ urunvalate ⑪
20PP, an
I retained placente O Hb FT-ali
Qualitate Apt
#
-
V
laser
ablation
lo
I ⑧
0
O
Ign mc
DCDA
- -
>
o-nd 1 8d
A confined
-
-> -- -
prices
-
thoracopages
-
HIGH-YIELD Autreten
-
-
-
3ys
Teratogens cat Maximum amniotic fluid: 34 was
• Valproate/ Phenytoin -
NT Major contributor: veine
• ACE / ARB -
Renal
agenins Calorie Requirement increases in
• Li -
Ebsteen pregnancy by -
• Misoprostol -Mobius S
-
6/7 (N Second trimester: + 350 Kcal/day
>
Thirst trimester: + 450 Kcal/day
• Isotretinoin
P &-Upt
->
-
2 mas Lactation (0-6m): + 600 Kcal/day
Lactation (6-12m): + 520 Kcal/day
-
• Warfarin STEROIDS
punctate...
Chondysplania
->
skull
• Methimazole
↳ clover
leaf im
t
Grg 1
•&
x
12 has
-
-
Indomethacin apart im
↳ A o ductor Reduce RDS, NEC, IVH, neonatal mortality
free Neonatal jaundice- No
--
arteries
• Tetracycline ->
• Thalidomide
enamel
hypoplana change
-
Hupper bat
HIGH-YIELD
twin
Uterine involution pregn
48hrs: I finger breadth <
2 abor
Complete: 4 who
I
I
- -X
Grum
at
beg
the
-
of
G-No. of conceptions
P-No. of past pregnancies >28wks
-
=
issue-tem
TPAL:
--
term +
preterm + abort here issue
+
I L
45Pp
>3full d
-
2
A
1
+
+
periphery
- -
7-12whs POS
No pregnancy:
lyr
-
ine
Monopolar cautery: IDw
↓ Nat alleved
Bipolar cautery:
sensor
⑰ D
-
d
L L
↓
Emphalocele
Caudal Homelia rephaly --
regressing ⑭ ⑬ ①a
re
So Ministic
band se
gastroschins
bond loops
CA CERVIX screening
Screening
-Start at: Clyr
-Pap smear:-X Yearly /
PAD
-Co-testing: 5 Yearly (Age˃30yr)
+ HOX
⑮
-Immunocompromised:
->
d L
-Stop when: ⑭
65ys
-
be e
Gasadil
-
His
spalata Cenex brush/
are
broom
14,
45,5E7: p5e
HPV 3, E6:
Low-risk 31 High-risk >2/yn-2-0,6 man
⑬
settings.L
WHO SAGE
In ↓
resource
poor
loders
Acetic and ugol's 95% alcohol Fix
Papins
-
·
:Harris' hematoxylin
COLPOSCOPY CIN-LEEP
4-6
Next
-
Next Orange
·
Bx
I Mass
·
EA-50
-
ant G (Punch ↳ ·
Eosin Y (Not B(
CA CERVIX
I ⑳ opic II
23
III IV
-
a.
Vaginal a vaginally a BB
b-dytet
mets
⑤ -clinically lecting
in
visible Atrachy ing
I -
⑯ pelvic
a
-
⑧
-
e let
b parametual
-
128
Smm-a-dum
2um
m
CT-RT
>
- 00 ⑭8-1-pelvic
b-paramortic
Stage Description
I The carcinoma is strictly confined to the cervix (extension to the uterine corpus should be disregarded)
IA Invasive carcinoma that can be diagnosed only by microscopy, with maximum depth of invasion <5mma
IA1 Measured stromal Invasion <3mm in depth
IA2 Measured stromal Invasion ≥3mm and <5mm in depth
IB Invasive carcinoma with measured deepest invasion ≥5 mm (greater than Stage IA), lesion limited to the cervix uterib
IB1 Invasive carcinoma ≥5mm depth of stromal invasion, and < 2cm in greatest dimension
IB2 Invasive carcinoma ≥2cm and < 4cm in greatest dimension
IB3 Invasive carcinoma ≥4cm in greatest dimension
IIA Involvement limited to the upper two-thirds of the vagina without parametrial involvement
IIA1 Invasive carcinoma < 4cm in greatest dimension
IIA2 Invasive carcinoma ≥4cm in greatest dimension
IIB With parametrial involvement but not to the pelvic wall
IIIA The carcinoma involves the lower third of the vagina, with no extension to the pelvic wall
IIIB Extension to the pelvic wall and/or hydronephrosis or nonfunctioning kidney (unless known to be due to another cause)
IIIC Involvement of pelvic and/or para-aortic lymph nodes, irrespective of tumor size and extent (with r and p notations)
IIIC1 Pelvic lymph node metastasis only
IIIC2 Para-aortic lymph node metastasis
IV The carcinoma has extended beyond the true pelvis or has involved (biopsy proven) the mucosa of the bladder or rectum. (A
bullous edema, as such, does not permit a case to be allotted to Stage IV)
IVA Spread to adjacent pelvic organs
IVB Spread to distant organs
CA OVARY: PATH
CA-125- epithelial
Pseudomyxoma peritonii- mucinous adenoce of
Walthard cell rests-
NaturalBrennette
all
AFP- YsT/EST
- L
HCG- CCA
- I L
CD30- embyonal ca 1 I
&
~
LDH, PLAP, HCG, -
SCHILLER-
OCT3/4, NANOG- syncytic I cyttroph
germiname
- -- DUVAL
Call-Exner bodies, FOXFL2-
2
=
-
Reinke crystalloids-
Meig syndrome-
2
Inhibi
↑
Granulosa call
call aplane
-
--
A
-
Huma
-
pland s
ENT
⑰
-
L
-
C
-
Frontal
-- Best &
Suns
-
I
sphenad
↑
(Best)
-
PIERRE's view
⑭
PNS:
IOC- HRCT
GOLD STANDARD- #S
DRAINAGE:
INF MEATUS: NLD
Fronlet
-
EAFaxil ary (MM)
+ DCR
MIDDLE MEATUS: I
FrAE
(B
Haller
-
-
SUPERIOR MEATUS: 1T
⑧
LARGEST- Bulk etmadalis
all
INFARORBITAL- Haller cell
OPTIC NERVE COMPRESSION- postmost - ONadi cell
->
fungal
Allergic - I
Sinusitis
farm
Menefrier's
·
Terted syndime
papillarner
sezary
·
&kunN Mycoises
-
-
fungiodes
Adolescent with epistaxis
Diagnosis: ⑰
Origin: sphenopalatine
foramen
IOC:ET &o sy CI
Staging:
Radoni EMIDE
she
Management:
Feeder:
tog face Pre-op DSA
LECA
in 0 -
Homan-
-
sign
=
- ~y
-
-
⑲
--
--
-
Sampter’s triad
polyps BK
ethmoidal
-
[
Iaspirin hysh
Trotter’s triad
NP Ca
NP CA
112 Origin: Fossa of Rossenmuler
CHL
C/F: cervical (N
Neuralgia Palatal -
- I
EBV
⑪
secous on -
-
-
I
I he
-
-
ear
Le Fort
-
--
I
#
⑦
0
L out
iron
I GPA craniofacd
pyramidal
MCF # remalais
CSOM I
dystr
mastard ⑦ CSFRhearke
cythema sig
/
Acute mastordits
↑
Bezold ->
aSCM
&
Griesinger sign: hat sinus trombosis - CSOM
-
-
-
citelli
-
digest
Gradenigo syndrome: Petits: If neceralgia +
+
CSOM
disch
(SoM) deptopia
Grisel syndrome: ear -
⑰a
Guerin sign: GPA nerstore -
he
Fort Rose poss
Ulrich Classification-TEMPORAL BONE #
Longitudinal
-
Transverse
Parallel to long axis of petrous Perpendicular to long axis of
temporal bone petrous temporal bone
--
-
↳ I
I ↳
FE
--CP
⑧ I
0
target
-
-
#1
Blowout
CSFrhinorhea
-
erdrop #
R
IOC to confirm CSF leak: Bz
transferrin
--
&
IOC: CT cis
-
tenography
- conservalue
/
-
gland hypertropy
Russel Body / Mikulicz Cells H/P- ⑱ endospries ca
DOC: Streptomycin + tetracycline TOC: Excision + Dapsone
-
-
Mx- Mod
-
-
Sx
Young
⑰t children post- elderly
wrde are
Little’s area
-
Kiesselbach plexus
⑰same
--
-
L
antepistaxs -
-
700
er's Mananeuer
labial ↓x
sup
X Large
Nasal
0 -actey of
↓X
epistons PA
-
->
-
ECA
-
wall
ant
-
-- -
roof
⑰
-
·Framesre
-
↑
of
Not great occipital nerve
TM:
Lateral-Auriculotemporal, X
--
preauncular sinus
Danum tuberle Bat ear
Boxer's/Cauliflower
-
SURFER:
-
exostosis sam
DOC
I SWIMMER:
- GOE Leftazidine
ant
-
-
-
otitis
externa L
stosis 4/DM Pseudomonas
-
-
is obturans
fistula
↑
Ant
-
post
mastoid -
sig
TE A
-
Et
Gene -
>
-
-
Cana
of
IX
Duguien
-
E
&medial
Footplate of -ecosmon-ISOM -eacest
stapes -> otosclerosis Scutum
epitympaneers
-
I
=
⑬
-
Lenticular Chorda
process tympani
L E
I
erosion on CSOM
M-I: Saddle Es
-
I-S:
--B8S
LR
-> C
CN
7th stapedins
E
/
O
PE E
- al
ST -
medial
-
-
↑
T
-
mi DP
M
SS
And
plates
Rt - 50'
2 70
7
-
I
along
quadrant
0 Legithause
0 M -
- -
me
L Bullas
Grommet Rising Cartwheel
Glue/sea ⑰ e
↳us mynagitis
& &
ayuplasms
HSY
Asa
-
- -
Braun phign
sign - -
I
Rinne’s Test: Tuning Fork: 256, 512, 1024 Hz
Positive
AC ˃BC
-
V I SNL I I
u
Air-bone gap: 15, 30, 45 dB
Negative (HL
O
->
BC ˃ AC
False Negative
Weber
Lateralized
->
ol profound
swill
Weber ↳
Renne's
an en
Same- CHL
-
-
C/L- SNAL
cross
-
Schwabach reduced -
Presbycusis -
↑
freq HL
Where's D
O
/U/L episodic TVS
Diplacusis
-
↳
Tulio vertigo
-
Tumarkin
-
allack
drop
-
IOC: ECO4
low
freq
CARHART Note Baler's notch
0
L
-
otosclerosis ⑭ 0
Paracusis
- -
Pregnancy
B/L gradual &
-
-
CHL
V
S
Schwartz sign
salepresente
-
-
Rx: Am
=
Stapedolony
? e
⑭
Lossiudan
=>
discontinents
dysf I
som I zt
-tracted
Glue
ear
O ir
-o
->
otoscleros
↓
OAE confirmating
-
⑬RA 31
II
- Audity
LONC EE COLIM A
->
->
-M43
Mea
-
I
↓ b
W
screening
-
e -
- - -
8NCN olivalary
-
d1 e
⑫mens
Cochlear
- N
L N
Dix
--
Halpick
⑰ e Eplay
E
Acoustic Schwannoms
11 Anton A
-
-
Antarc
vencay
B
He creams B
O
-> -
NF2 acellular
-
↑
0
1 I8D
0
O
->
Ludwig's
->
I
PP absces
swelly
- neck
argina
-
I
Qvinsy- peulinslam
abscess
& HeLestrate
VS Quinke’s edema:
-
nvula edeas
->
umpod
- E
I
poss
⑯
-
Rumb
sign Raceni
barkingsough
-
epin
Andepigolluls
-
↓ Steeple sign
b -vaccess
prev Stends coup/Acute LIB
-
strep-mee -
Parainfluenza
evert
Met
space
is
coups Prevertebral fascia
absor
- Danger ↳
-
space
Alar fascia
tracheal Gfurn
-
All muscles supplied by
RLN except cricothyroid
SLN :
External Internal
Vocal cord palsy
Thyroplasty
1-
2-
3- Shortening/ relaxation
4- Lengthening/ tightening
CA LARYNX
T1 T2 T3 T4
d I L
⑬ ↓
Recurrent Turban -
-
Omega vocal
--
& Reinke's
resp ↓ Insp stude Nodules
papillomalas edema
⑬
-
We, Laryngomiatain
-
11
-
6/1-
painless GERD
&
--
prone vocal
L
polyp
Lys-conservative
HIGH-YIELD
Tonsillectomy:
*
Primary- paratonsillar rea
Secondary- 5-10d
-
Reactionary- <1h -
egature slip
Surgical landmarks of facial nerve in parotid surgery
=
Subglottic stenosis
Staging: Cotton
Treatment:
Meyer
Mitomycin
C
HIGH-YIELD
O SNHL: Ciliocytophoria:
-
disease
Inner ear- cochlear viral
implant
S W
-
"
-
A stenoses/
pus/absent
TRACHEOSTOMY
Complete- remove
-
trite >