THERAPEUTIC

MODALITIES
Therapeutic Community (backbone of Rehabilitation)
HUMAN RIGHTS
➢Those rights which are inherent in our nature and without
which, we cannot live as human beings.

➢It allows us to develop and use our human qualities,

intelligence, talents and conscience and to satisfy our spiritual
and other needs.
CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN RIGHTS

➢INHERENT - not granted by any person or authority

➢FUNDAMENTAL - without them, the life and dignity of man will
be meaningless
➢INALIENABLE - cannot be rightfully taken away from a free
individual. Cannot be given away or be forfeited.
➢IMPRESCRIPTIBLE- cannot be lost even if man fails to use or
assert them, even by a long passage of time.
CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN RIGHTS

• INDIVISIBLE- Not capable of being divided. Cannot be denied

even when other rights have already been enjoyed.
• UNIVERSAL - It applies irrespective of one's origin, status, or
condition or place where one lives. Rights can be enforced
without national border.
• INTERDEPENDENT - The fulfillment or exercise of one cannot
be had without the realization of the other.
CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN RIGHTS

1. Natural Rights - God-given rights, acknowledged by everybody to

be morally good. Unwritten, but prevail as norms of the society.

2. Constitutional Rights - Conferred and protected by the constitution

and which cannot be modified or taken away by the law-making body.

3. Statutory Rights - Those rights which are provided by law

promulgated by the law-making body. May be abolished by the body
that created them
CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN RIGHTS

1. Idealization- Notions about human rights start in the realm of

the ideas that reflect consciousness against oppression or
inadequate performance of the State.

2. Positivism- Where the support for the ideas become strong,

and thus incorporate into legal instruments.

3. Realization- When these rights are already being enjoyed by

the citizens by the transformation of the social, economic, and
political order.
SOURCES AND FOUNDATIONS OF
HUMANRIGHTS LAW
➢The 1987 Constitution The Constitution itself is a source, and
not only the Bill of Rights.

➢International Bill of Rights

➢Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)

➢International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)

RIGHTS OF PERSON UNDER CUSTODIAL
INVESTIGATION
Section 12, Article III of the 1987 Constitution
The right to be informed of his rights
➢The right to remain silent and to be reminded that anything he says can
and will be used against him
➢The right to an attorney or to counsel, preferably of his own choice; if
not, one will be provided for him
➢Rights against torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation or any other
means which may vitiate the free will of the person
➢Right against secret detention places, solitary, incommunicado, or
other similar forms of detention
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7438
AN ACT DEFINING CERTAIN RIGHTS OF PERSON ARRESTED, DETAINED OR UNDER CUSTODIAL INVESTIGATION
AS WELL AS THE DUTIES OF THE ARRESTING, DETAININGAND INVESTIGATING OFFICERS, AND PROVIDEING
PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS THEREOF

Section 2. Rights of Persons Arrested, Detained or Under Custodial

Investigation; Duties of Public Officers.-
a. Any person arrested detained or under custodial investigation shall at all
times be assisted by counsel. (independent and competent counsel)
b. Any public officer or employee, or anyone acting under his order or his
place, who arrests, detains or investigates any person for the commission of an
offense shall inform the latter, in language known to and understood by
him, of his rights to remain silent and to have competent and independent
counsel, preferably of his own choice, who shall at all times be allowed to
confer privately with the person arrested, detained or under custodial
investigation. If such person cannot afford the services of his own counsel, he
must be provided with a competent and independent counsel by the
investigating officer.
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7438
c. The custodial investigation report shall be reduced to writing by the
investigating officer, provided that before such report is signed, or thumb
marked if the person arrested or detained does not know how to read and
write, it shall be read and adequately explained to him by his counsel or by
the assisting counsel provided by the investigating officer in the language or
dialect known to such arrested or detained person, otherwise, such
investigation report shall be null and void and of no effect whatsoever.

d. Any extrajudicial confession made by a person arrested, detained or

under custodial investigation shall be in writing and signed by such
person in the presence of his counsel or in latter's absence, upon a valid
waiver, and in the presence of any of any of the parents, elder brothers and
sisters, his spouse, the municipal mayor, the municipal judge, district school
supervisor, or priest or minister of the gospel as chosen by him; otherwise,
such extrajudicial confession shall be inadmissible as evidence in any
proceeding.
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7438
e. Any waiver by a person arrested or detained under provisions of Article
125 of the Revised Penal Code, or under custodial investigation, shall be in
writing and signed by such person in the presence of his counsel;
otherwise, the waiver shall be null and void and of no effect.

f. Any person arrested or detained or under custodial investigation shall be

allowed visits by or conferences with any member of his immediate
family, or any medical doctor or priest or religious minister chosen by him or
by any member of his immediate family or by his counsel, or by any national
non-governmental organization duly accredited by the Commission on
Human rights of by any international non-governmental organization
duly accredited by the Office of the President. The person’s “immediate
family” shall include his or her spouse, finance or fiancée, parent or
child, brother or sister, grandparent or grandchild, uncle or aunt,
nephew or niece, and guardian or ward.
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7438
As used in this Act, “custodial investigation” shall include the
practice of issuing to a person who is investigated in
connection with an offense he is suspected to have committed,
without prejudice to the liability of the “inviting” officer for any
violation of law.

Section 3. Assisting Counsel.- Assisting counsel is any lawyer,

except those directly affected by the case, those charged with
conducting preliminary investigation of those charged with the
prosecution of crimes.
 THE UNITED NATIONS STANDARD MINIMUM RULES FOR THE
TREATMENT OF PRISONERS (THE NELSON MANDELA RULES)

RULES OF GENERAL APPLICATION

Rule 1 All prisoners shall be treated with the respect due to the
inherent dignity and value as human beings. No prisoner shall be
subjected to, and all prisoners shall be protected from, torture
and other cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment or
punishment, for which no circumstances whatsoever may be
invoked as a justification. The safety and security of prisoners,
staff, service providers and visitors shall be ensured at all
times.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES
RULES OF GENERAL APPLICATION
Rule 2 The present rules shall be applied impartially.
Rule 3 Imprisonment and other measures that result in cutting off
persons from outside world are afflictive by the very fact of taking from
these persons the right of self- determination by depriving them of
their liberty.
Rule 4 The purposes of a sentence of imprisonment or similar
measures deprivative of person's liberty are primarily to protect society
against crime and to reduce recidivism.
Rule 5 The prison regime should seek to minimize any differences
between prison life and life at liberty that tend to lessen the
responsibility of the prisoners or the respect due to their dignity as
human beings.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES
PRISONER FILE MANAGEMENT
Rule 6 There shall be a standardized prisoner file management
system in every place where persons are imprisoned.

Rule 7 No person shall be received in a prison without any valid

commitment order.
Rule 8 Prisoner’s personal information shall be entered in the
prisoner file management system in the course of imprisonment.
 THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

PRISONER FILE MANAGEMENT

Rule 9 All records referred to in rules 7 and 8 shall be kept
confidential and made available only to those whose
professional responsibilities require access to such records.

Rule 10 prisoner file management systems shall be used to

generate reliable data about trends relating to and
characteristics of the prison population, including occupancy
rates, in order to create a basis for evidence-based decision
making.
 THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

SEPARATION OF CATEGORIES
Rule 11 The different categories of prisoners shall be kept in
separate institutions, taking account of their sex, age,
criminal record, the legal reason for their detention and the
necessities of their treatment.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES
ACCOMMODATION
Rule 12 Where sleeping accommodation is in individual cells or
rooms, each prisoner shall occupy by night cell or room by
himself or herself. If for special reasons, such as temporary
overcrowding, it becomes necessary for the central prison
administration to make an exception to this rule, it is not
desirable to have two prisoners in a cell or room.
Rule 13 All accommodation provided for the use of prisoners and
in particular all sleeping accommodation shall meet all
requirements of health, due regard being paid to climatic
conditions and particularly to cubic content of air, minimum floor
space, lighting, heating and ventilation.
 THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

ACCOMMODATION
Rule 14 In all places where prisoners are required to live or work:

(a) The windows shall be large enough to enable the prisoners to read and
work by natural light and shall be so constructed that they can allow the
entrance of fresh air whether or not there is artificial ventilation;
(b) Artificial light shall be provided sufficient for the prisoners to read or
work without injury to eyesight.

Rule 15 The sanitary installations shall be adequate to enable every

prisoner to comply with the needs of nature when necessary and in a clean
and decent manner.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES
ACCOMMODATION
Rule 16 Adequate bathing and shower installations shall be
provided so that every prisoner can, and may be required to,
have a bath shower, at a temperature suitable to the climate, as
frequently as necessary for general hygiene according to season
and geographical region, but at least once a week in a temperate
climate.

Rule 17 All parts of a prison regularly used by prisoners shall be

properly maintained and kept scrupulously clean at all times.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

PERSONAL HYGIENE
Rule 18 Prisoners shall be required to keep their persons clean,
and to this end they shall be provided with water and with such
toilet articles as are necessary for health and cleanliness.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES
CLOTHING AND BEDDING
Rule 19 Every prisoner who is not allowed to wear his/her own
clothing shall be provided with an outfit of clothing suitable for
the climate and adequate to keep him or her in good health. Such
clothing shall in no manner be degrading or humiliating.

Rule 20 If prisoners are allowed to wear their own clothing,

arrangements shall be made on their admission to the prison to
ensure that it shall be clean and fit for use.

Rule 21 Every prisoner shall, in accordance with local or national

standards, be provided with a separate bed and with separate and
sufficient bedding which shall be clean when issued, kept in good
order and changed often enough to ensure its cleanliness.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

FOOD
Rule 22
1. Every prisoners shall be provided by the prison administration
at the usual hours with food of nutritional value adequate for
health and strength, of wholesome quality and well prepared and
served.
2. Drinking water shall be available to every prisoner whenever
he or she needs it.

PHP 70/DAY allowance

THE NELSON MANDELA RULES
EXERCISE AND SPORT
Rule 23

1. Every prisoner who is not employed in outdoor work shall have

at least one hour of suitable exercise in the open air daily if
the weather permits.

2. Young prisoners, and others suitable age and physique, shall

receive physical and recreational training during the period of
exercise. To this end, space, installations and equipment should
be provided.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES
HEALTH-CARE SERVICES
Rule 24 The provision of health care for prisoners is a State
responsibility. Prisoners should enjoy the same standards of
health care that are available in the community, and should
have access to necessary health-care services free of charge
without discrimination on the grounds of their legal status.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES
RESTRICTIONS, DISCIPLINE AND SANCTIONS

Rule 36 Discipline and order shall be maintained with no more

restriction than is necessary to ensure safe custody, the secure
operation of the prison and a well ordered community life.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES
INSTRUMENTS OF RESTRAINTS
Rule 47 The use of chains, irons or other instruments of restraint
which are inherently degrading or painful shall be prohibited.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

SEARCHES OF PRISONERS AND CELLS

Rule 50 The laws and regulations governing searches of
prisoners and cells shall be in accordance with obligations
under international law and shall take into account international
standards and norms, keeping in mind the need to ensure
security in the prison. Searches shall be conducted in a manner
that is respectful of the inherent human dignity and privacy of the
individual being searched, as well as the principles of
proportionality, legality and necessity.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

CONTACT WITH OUTSIDE WORLD

Rule 58
Prisoners shall be allowed, under necessary supervision, to
communicate with their family and friends at regular intervals;
(90 days/5 minutes of telephone call)
a. By corresponding in writing and using, where available,
telecommunication, electronic, digital and other means; and
b. By receiving visits
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

BOOKS
Rule 64 Every prison shall have a library for the use of all
categories of prisoners, adequately stocked with both
recreational and instructional books, and prisoners shall be
encouraged to make full use of it.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

RELIGION
Rule 65 If the prison contains a sufficient number of prisoners of
the same religion, a qualified representative of that religion
shall be appointed or approved. If the number of prisoners
justifies it and conditions permit, the arrangement should be on a
full-time basis.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

RETENTION OF PRISONERS’ PROPERTY

Rule 67 All money, valuables, clothing and other effects
belonging to a prisoner which he or she is not allowed to retain
under the prison regulations shall on his or her admission to the
prison be placed in safe custody. An inventory thereof shall be
signed by the prisoner. Steps shall be taken to keep them in good
condition.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

NOTIFICATIONS
Rule 68 Every prisoner shall have the right and shall be given the
ability and means, to inform immediately his or her family, or
any other person designated as a contact person, about his or
her imprisonment, about his or her transfer to another
institution and about any serious illness or injury.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

INVESTIGATIONS
Rule 71 Notwithstanding the initiation of an internal investigation,
the prison director shall report, without delay, any custodial
death, disappearance or serious injury to a judicial or other
competent authority that is independent of the prison
administration and mandated to conduct prompt, impartial
and effective investigations into the circumstances and causes
of such cases. The prison administration shall fully cooperate
with that authority and ensure that all evidence is preserved.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES
REMOVAL OF PRISONERS
Rule 73
1. When prisoners are being removed to or from an institution they
shall be exposed to public view as little as possible and proper
safeguards shall be adopted to protect them from insult, curiosity
and publicity in any form.
2. The transport of prisoners in conveyances with inadequate
ventilation or light, or in any which would subject them to
unnecessary physical hardship, shall be prohibited.
(SCREEN TEST – sudden application of brake)
3. The transport of prisoners shall be carried out at the expense of
the prison administration and equal conditions shall apply to all of
them.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

INSTITUTIONAL PERSONNEL
Rule 74 The prison administration shall provide for the careful
selection of every grade of the personnel, since it is on their
integrity, humanity, professional capacity and personal suitability
for the work that the proper administration of prison depends.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL INSPECTIONS

Rule 83
1. There shall be a twofold system for regular inspections of
prisons and penal services.
a. Internal or administrative inspections conducted by the
central prison administration;
b. External inspections conducted by a body independent of
the prison administration, which may include competent
international or regional bodies.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL INSPECTIONS

2. In both cases, the objective of the inspections shall be to
ensure that prisons are managed in accordance with existing
laws, regulations, policies and procedures, with a view to bringing
about the objectives of penal and corrections services, and that
the rights of prisoners are protected.
.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

TREATMENT

Rule 91 The treatment of persons sentenced to imprisonment or

a similar measure shall have as its purpose, so far as the length
of the sentence permits, to establish in them the will to lead law-
abiding and self-supporting lives after their release and to fit them
to do so. The treatment shall be such as will encourage their self-
respect and develop their sense of responsibility.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

CLASSIFICATION AND INDIVIDUALIZATION

Rule 93
1. The purpose of classification shall be:
a. To separate from others those prisoners who, by reason of their
criminal records or characters, are likely to exercise a bad influence;
b. To divide the prisoners into classes in order to facilitate their
treatment with a view to their social rehabilitation.
2. So far as possible, separate prisons or separate sections of a
prison shall be used for the treatment of different classes of prisoners.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

PRIVILEGES
Rule 95 Systems of privileges appropriate for the different
classes of prisoners and the different methods of treatment shall
be established at every prison, in order to encourage good
conduct, develop a sense of responsibility and secure the interest
and cooperation of prisoners in their treatment.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

WORK
Rule 96 Sentenced prisoners shall have the opportunity to work
and or to actively participate in their rehabilitation, subject to a
determination of physical and mental fitness by a physician or
other qualified health-care professionals.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

EDUCATION AND RECREATION

Rule 104 Provision shall be made for the further education of the
prisoners capable of profiting thereby, including religious
instruction in the countries where this is possible. The education
of illiterate prisoners and of young prisoners shall be compulsory
and special attention shall be paid toi t by the prison
administration.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

PRISONERS WITH MENTAL DISABILITIES AND/OR HEALTH

CONDITIONS
Rule 109 Persons who are found to be not criminally responsible
or who are later diagnosed with severe mental disabilities and/ or
health conditions, for whom staying in prison would mean an
exacerbation of their condition, shall not be detained in
prisons, and arrangements shall be made to transfer them to
mental health facilities as soon as possible.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

PRISONERS UNDER ARREST OR AWAITING TRIAL

Rule 111
1. Persons arrested or imprisoned by reason of a criminal
charge against them, who are detained either in police custody or
in prison custody (jail) but have not yet been tried and sentenced,
will be referred to as “untried prisoners” hereinafter in these rules.
2. The unconvict prisoners are presumed to be innocent and
shall be treated as such.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES

PRISONERS UNDER ARREST OR AWAITING TRIAL

Rule 111
3. Without prejudice to legal rules for the protection of individual
liberty or prescribing the procedure to be observed in respect of
untried prisoners, these prisoners shall benefit from a special
regime which is described in the following rules in its essential
requirements only.
Bail, a matter of right; exception – All persons in
custody shall be admitted to bail as a matter of right, with sufficient
sureties, or released on recognizance as prescribed by law or this
Rule:
(a) before or after conviction by the Metropolitan Trial Court, Municipal
Trial Court, Municipal Trial Court in Cities, or Municipal Circuit Trial
Court, and
(b) before conviction by the Regional Trial Court of an offense not
punishable by death, reclusion perpetua, or life imprisonment.
Bail a Matter of discretion
Upon conviction by the Regional Trial Court of an offense not
punishable by death, reclusion perpetua, or life imprisonment.
PUNISHMENT

Deterrence
Incapacitation
Rehabilitation
Retribution
Restitution
HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was

established in response to the atrocities during WWII, including
the Holocaust.
The document outlines the human rights that all people are
entitled to such freedom from torture, freedom of expression, and
the right to seek asylum.
DEFINITION AND TYPES OF HUMAN
RIGHTS VIOLATIONS
A state commits human rights violations either
Directly (commission) or indirectly (omission)
Intentionally or as result of failing to prevent the violation

EXAMPLES OF HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS

Civil and Political Rights
(genocide, torture, arbitrary arrest_
Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights
(right to education, right to work, right to health)
VICTIMS COMPENSATION PROGRAM

What is the law creating the Board of Claims?

Republic Act no. 7309 is the law creating the board of claims
under the Department of Justice granting compensation for
victims of unjust imprisonment or detention and victims of violent
crimes.
WHO MAY APPLY FOR COMPENSATION?

1.A person who was unjustly accused convicted and imprisoned

and subsequently released by virtue of a judgement of acquittal;
2.A person who was unjustly detained and released without being
charged;
3.A person who is a victim of arbitrary detention by the authorities
as defined in the Revised Penal Code under a final judgment of the
court; or
4.A person who is a victim of violent crime which includes rape in
offences committed with malice which resulted in death or
serious physical and/or psychological injuries, permanent
incapacity or disability, insanity, abortion, serious trauma, or committed
with torture, cruelty, or barbarity.
WHEN SHOULD A CLAIM BE FILED?

The claim should be filed with the Board by the person entitled to
compensation under this Act within six months after being
released from imprisonment or detention or from the date he
suffered damage or injury, Otherwise he is deemed to have
waived his claim.
HOW IS A CLAIM FILED?

•A claimant may file a claim with the board by filling up an

application form provided for the purpose with the
Secretariat of the Board of Claims, Department of Justice.
Thereafter, he will be interviewed, and he will be duly notified of
the action taken by the Board.
HOW MUCH IS GIVEN TO A QUALIFIED
APPLICANT?
1. For the victims of unjust imprisonment, the compensation
shall be based on the number of months of imprisonment and
every fraction thereof shall be considered one month, but in no
case shall such compensation exceed one thousand pesos
(Php1,000.00) per month.
2.In all other cases the maximum for which the Board may
approved a claim shall not exceed ten thousand pesos
(Php10,000.00) or the amount necessary to reimburse the
claimant the expenses incurred for hospitalization, medical
treatment, loss of wage, loss of support or other expenses
directly related to the injury whichever is lower to be determined
by the Board.
MAY THE DECISION OF THE BOARD OF
CLAIMS BE APPEALED?
• Yes, Section 8 provides that “Any aggrieved claimant may
appeal, within fifteen (15) days from receipt of the
resolution of the Board to the Secretary of Justice whose
decision shall be final and executory.”
RESTORATIVE JUSTICE

• Restorative Justice is a process through which remorseful

offenders accept responsibility for their misconduct, particularly
to their victims and to the community.
•It creates obligation to make things right through proactive
involvement of victims, ownership of the offender of the crime
and the community in search for solutions which promote repair,
reconciliation, and reassurance.
RESTORATIVE JUSTICE

• Thus, the restorative justice process is actively participated in

by the victim, the offender, and/or any individual or community
member affected by the crime to resolve conflicts resulting from
the criminal offense, often with the help of a fair and impartial
third party.
WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF RESTORATIVE
JUSTICE AS A REHABILITATION PROGRAM IN PPA?
• ·Reintegration of the offenders to the social mainstream and
encouraging them to assume active responsibility for the injuries
inflicted to the victims;
• ·Proactive involvement of the community to support and assist in the
rehabilitation of victims and offenders;
• ·Attention to the needs of the victims, survivors and other persons
affected by the crime as participating stakeholders in the criminal
justice system, rather than mere objects or passive recipients of
services of intervention that may be unwanted, inappropriate or
ineffective;
• ·Healing the effects of the crime or wrongdoing suffered by the
respective stakeholders; and
• ·Prevention of further commission of crime and delinquency
HOW IS RESTORATIVE JUSTICE
IMPLEMENTED IN PPA?

DURING THE INVESTIGATION STAGE

•Information such as victims’ version of the offense, effect of
victimization to their lives, families, future, and plans, and victims’
appreciation on how the damage/harm inflicted by the crime can
be repaired and healed are gathered to serve as input in the
post-sentence investigation or pre-parole/executive clemency
investigation reports prepared by the investigating officer (PPA)
to be submitted to the Court respectively. These data are vital in
the conduct of restorative justice processes during the
supervision phase.
HOW IS RESTORATIVE JUSTICE
IMPLEMENTED IN PPA?

DURING THE SUPERVISION STAGE

Restorative Justice Program is a part of the rehabilitation of the
client which is incorporated in the client’s Supervision Treatment Plan
(STP). In applying the various restorative justice processes for the
client’s rehabilitation, the supervising officer observes the following
points:
•The parties are brought within the program out of their own volition.
Parties have the right to seek legal advice before and after the
restorative justice process.
•Before agreeing to participate in the restorative justice process, the
parties are fully informed of their rights, the nature of the process,
and the possible consequences of their decision.
DURING THE SUPERVISION STAGE

Neither the victim nor the offender is induced by unfair means to

participate in restorative justice processes or outcomes.
•Discussion in restorative justice processes should be highly
confidential and should not be disclosed subsequently, except with
the consent of the parties, and should not be used against the
parties involved.
•Where no agreement can be made between the parties, the case is
withdrawn from the restorative justice process; and
•In the event agreement is reached by parties, it is put in writing to
give substance/essence to the agreement. The failure to implement
any provision of the agreement made in the course of the restorative
justice process is a basis for the withdrawal of the case from the
program.
 PEACEMAKING ENCOUNTEr
(Restorative Justice Model Applied in PPA)
As a community-based decision model, the Agency Peacemaking
Encounter is being implemented through the following processes:
• VICTIM/OFFENDER MEDIATION ➔ INTERESTED VICTIM
HAS THE OPPORTUNITY TO MEET FACE-TO-FACE HIS/HER
OFFENDER ➔ SECURED AND STRUCTURED SETTING ➔
TRAINED MEDIATOR

• CONFERENCING ➔ PEOPLE MOST AFFECTED BY THE

CRIME ➔ VICITM, OFFENDER, AND THEIR FAMILIES,
AFFECTED MEMBERS OF THE COMMUNITY

• CIRCLE OF SUPPORT ➔ clients (undergoing community-

based correction), the VPAs, SELECTED MEMBER OF THE
COMMUNITY
OUTCOMES OR INTERVENTIONS WHICH CAN BE AGREED
UPON DURING THE RESTORATIVE JUSTICE PROCESS?

A. Restitution (core” of victim’s right)

Restitution is a process upon which the offender accepts
accountability for the financial and/or non-financial losses
he/she may have caused to the victim.
B. Community Work Service
Community Work Service, whether imposed as a condition of
offender’s conditional liberty or integral part of his treatment
plan, should be purposely motivated to make the offender
realize that he/she incurred an obligation to make things
right.
OUTCOMES OR INTERVENTIONS WHICH CAN BE
AGREED UPON DURING THE RESTORATIVE JUSTICE
PROCESS?
• Mentoring and Intergenerational service ➔ caring for other
people: orphanages, street children, senior citizen
• Economic development = link directly with the business project:
cleaning downtown area, tree planting, recycling, garbage and waste
management
• Citizenship and Civic participation = peer counseling, puppet
shows that showcases values, sports participation. (Sportmanship
and healthy lifestyle.
• Helping the disadvantaged = enhances the self-esteem (self-
respect) of the offender, assisting the handicapped, tutor peers,
visiting the sick in hospitals, visiting the aged (senior) hospital, jail.
• Crime Prevention Project = brgy ronda. Giving testimonies to the
youth.
OUTCOMES OR INTERVENTIONS WHICH CAN BE AGREED
UPON DURING THE RESTORATIVE JUSTICE PROCESS?
C.Counseling (whether individual, group or family)
D.Attendance to trainings, seminars and lectures
E.Participation in education, vocation or life skills program
F.Group Therapy Session
G.Spiritual development session/faith-based session
H.Submission to psychological/psychiatric assessment
I.Submission to drug test/drug dependency examination
J.Attendance to skills training/livelihood assistance program
K.Marital enhancement program
L.Written or oral apology
M.Submission to family therapy session
N.Confinement in Drug Treatment Rehabilitation Center Including
Aftercare
 DIFFERENT
THERAPEUTIC &
TREATMENT MODELS
 MODALITIES IN THE TREATMENT OF
OFFENDERS IN THE PHILIPPINES

Like many countries, the

correctional system in the
Philippines has both and
institution-based and a
community-based component.
It also has separate treatment
systems for youth offenders
and adult offenders. The
custodial care of adult offenders
is handled by the following:
CHILDREN IN CONFLICT WITH THE LAW (CICL)

There are ten (10) rehabilitation centers for youth offenders,

one of which is National Training School for Boys and the
other, a National Training School for Girls. Their stay in the
center can be shorter than their sentence term, depending on
how they respond to the rehabilitation process therein.
NON-INSTITUTIONAL
TREATMENT OF
ADULT OFFENDERS
SALIENT FEATURES OF TC?
SALIENT FEATURES OF TC?

RELATIONAL/BEHAVIORAL
AFFECTIVE/EMOTIONAL/PSYCHOLOGICAL
COGNITIVE/INTELLECTUAL/SPIRITUAL
PSYCHOMOTOR/VOCATIONAL-SURVIVAL SKILLS (not included in bjmp, only in PPA)

VOCATIONAL/INTELLECTUAL/BEHAVIORAL/EMOTIONAL (VIBES)
By Parole and Probation Administration
CHILDREN IN CONFLICT WITH THE LAW (CICL)

Youth Offenders in the Philippines are treated differently. A youth

offender is defined as a child over nine (9) years but below
eighteen (18) years of age at the time of commission of an
offense. Under the country’s laws, these youth offenders are
entitled to a suspended sentence. Instead of serving their
sentence, they are rehabilitated in regional youth
rehabilitation centers, which are managed and supervised by
the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD).
 Therapeutic Community Modality
Program(TCMP)
The mandate of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) is
both safekeeping and development of inmates. The thrust of the
Directorate for Inmates Welfare and Development is to devise
programs for inmate development to prepare them for their eventual
reintegration into the mainstream of society.
 Therapeutic Community Modality
Program(TCMP)
The Therapeutic Community Modality Program (TCMP) is a self-help
social learning treatment model which utilizes the community as the
primary therapeutic vehicle to foster behavioral and attitudinal change.
In this modality, the person learns and practices skills and
responsibilities through structured activities that they can transfer to
the society upon their release.
At present, TCMP is recognized as the backbone program of the BJMP
for inmate development and is being implemented in majority of the
jails nationwide
 TCMP IN THE BJMP: BACKGROUND
➢In the BJMP, Therapeutic Community Modality Program
(TCMP) was introduced in 1998when a group of personnel
underwent six (6) week live-in trainer’s training under the
DAYTOP International trainers sponsored by the US State
Department.
➢From then on, several BJMP personnel were trained by
DAYTOP trainers, namely Aloysius Joseph, Frederick Loke,
Jimmy Curtin and Fernando Perfas. The program was initially
implemented in selected jails in the National Capital Region
(NCR). The TCMP training was cascaded to a significant
number of BJMP personnel.
 TCMP IN THE BJMP: BACKGROUND
➢The Jail National Training Institute (JNTI) likewise incorporated
the TCMP into its Program of Instruction (POI) for BJMP
personnel undergoing mandatory trainings. Despite the
significant number of trainer’s training conducted, sustaining the
TCMP in jails remained a challenge. There is also the prevailing
issue of development versus security.
➢The wardens were adamant to implement the program for fear
of security laxity due to the increased mobility of inmates during
activities. The low ratio of jail personnel to inmates has caused
such alarm. Despite these factors, some jails continue to
implement the TCMP but activities are mostly centered on the
Morning Meeting.
 TCMP IN THE BJMP: BACKGROUND
The TC staffs are regularly rotated to other jails as part of the BJMP
rules thus leaving a vacuum on the respective jails if not properly
relieved by another TC trained staff. This lack of constancy and
consistency makes it difficult for the program to thrive. Despite their TC
training, TC staff generally feels inept to handle the program. On
assessment of the existing TCMP in certain jails, some modifications
were introduced which tend to deviate from the core essence of the
program, hence this TCMP manual has been crafted
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY PROGRAM BY THE
BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY

PHASES OF TREATMENT
 THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY PROGRAM BY THE
BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY

PHASES OF TREATMENT
Phase I – entry and orientation phase
- Once the inmate is to committed to jail
Undergoes a series of examination to determine his
physical/social/ psychological status
The rules and norms of the community
Tc concepts (written and unwritten philosophy)
- job functions and tc hierarchy
- assigned to a static group (permanent group)
 THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY PROGRAM BY THE
BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY

PHASES OF TREATMENT

Phase II – primary treatment

Resident is also ready to undergo treatment proper.

- becomes part of the community
✓crew member of the housekeeping
 THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY PROGRAM BY THE
BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY

PHASES OF TREATMENT
• Phase III – pre-reentry
➔ He should focus on the following learning:
➔ rebuild social and family ties
➔ Going up the ladder of hierarchy
➔ Realization of his full potential
 THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY PROGRAM BY THE
BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY

PHASES OF TREATMENT
• Phase IV – RE-ENRTY
• FOCUS:
• TRANSITION TO LIFE OUTSIDE THE JAIL
• CREATING NEW LIFESTYLE APPLYING THE TOOLS AND CONCEPTS of
TC
• REINGETRATION INTO MAINSTREAM OF SOCIETY
 THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY PROGRAM BY THE
BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY

• PHASES OF TREATMENT
• Phase IV – AFTERCARE
OUTPATIENT PROGRAM =REQUIRED TO REPORT 2X A WEEK TO AN
OUTREACH CENTER/ ATTEND GROUP SESSIONS
✓ The internal and external environment ✓ There is adequate space to hold
is comfortable, clean, and welcoming. activities and rooms for specific
meetings that require privacy.
✓ TC Philosophy and unwritten
philosophies are visibly posted around ✓ A clean and well-maintained kitchen
the facility. that complies with the sanitary
standards of BJMP.
✓ Hierarchical structure and daily
activities are displayed.

PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

✓Provision of recreation areas ✓Provision of recreation areas

both indoors and outdoors. both indoors and outdoors.
✓The dining area is equipped ✓The dining area is equipped
with enough tables and chairs with enough tables and chairs
to accommodate the inmates. to accommodate the inmates.
 ✓ The TCMP staff will not be
transferred to other jails until properly
✓ The TCMP staff has undergone proper covered by another TC trained staff
training on TCMP
✓ There is proper shift turn-over of TC
✓ Presence of a permanent TCMP staff to trained staff daily
supervise the program and conduct the
various activities ✓ TCMP staff can be utilized to handle
other tasks but puts priority to TCMP

TCMP STAFF

✓Regular meetings are held by staff ✓The staff works as a team in

to discuss progress, issues, and delivering services to inmates
concerns about the program ✓The staff serves as role models
✓All the jail staff are involved in the and treats inmates with respect
TCMP and are contributing and dignity
members ✓Incentives are given to TCMP
staff in terms of awards and
commendations
✓ The residents always treat each other
with respect regardless of age, religion, ✓ Confidentiality is respected and
cultural diversity, etc. practiced
✓ üThe residents practice a culture of ✓ The residents are involved in decision
honesty and openness in discussing making and planning in TCMP
thoughts and feelings, providing and activities
receiving feedbacks.

THE INMATES/RESIDENTS
✓The participants of TCMP are change agents in bringing about
transformation among peers
✓The residents comply with the cardinal (NO drugs, NO violence or
threat of violence, NO sexual acting out and NO stealing) and house
rules and serve as “watchdogs” for their peers with the aim of
correcting erring members.
✓Absence or minimal incidence of jail violence/disturbance
✓The residents respect the hierarchy and chain of command.
PARTICIPANTS OF THE TCMP CONDUCTS “MORNING MEETING”

Morning Meeting is a daily ritual that starts the day in a TC

facility. It is attended by the whole community and lasts for an
hour. It commences with the Opening Prayer, Singing of the
Philippine National Anthem, and the recitation of the TC
Philosophy.
PARTICIPANTS AND FACILITATORS RECITE THE TC
PHILOSOPHY AS PART OF THE MORNING MEETING

I am here because there us no refuge finally, from myself.

Until I confront myself in the eyes and hearts if others.
I am running.
Until I suffer them to share my secrets
I have no safety from them.
Afraid to be known,
I can know neither myself nor any other,
I will be alone.
Where else but in our common ground I can see such a mirror?
Here, together, I can at last appear clearly to myself, not as giant of my
dreams nor the dwarf of my fears, but as a person , part of a whole, with my
share in its purpose.
In this ground, I can take root and grow, not alone anymore,
as in death but alive to myself and to others.
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY PROGRAM BY THE
BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS (BUCOR)
The Therapeutic Community (TC) Program represents an effective,
highly structured environment with defined boundaries, both moral and
ethical.
The primary goal is to foster personal growth. This is accomplished by
re-shaping an individual’s behavior and attitudes through the inmate’s
community working together to help themselves and each other,
restoring self-confidence, and preparing them for their re-integration
into their families and friends as productive members of the
community.
Patterned after Daytop Therapeutic Center, New York which is the
base of the Therapeutic Community movement in the world, the
BuCor TC program was adopted as part of the Bureau's holistic
approach towards inmate rehabilitation. It is implemented primarily
but not limited to drug dependents.
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY PROGRAM BY
THE BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS (BUCOR)

BUCOR TC HISTORY
March 1996 (fight against drugs) - crusade by inmates called the
INMATES CRUSADE AGAINST DRUGS (ICAD)
1998 - DOJ - ADOPTED THE TC DRUG TREATMENT AND
REHAB - DAYTOP TC NY (base therapeutic community
movement in the world)

BUCOR TCP – WAS BORN AND DESIGNED by DR. EDILINDA

GARCIA – PATAC (primarily but not limited to drug dependents)
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY PROGRAM BY THE
BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS (BUCOR)
On sept 27, 1999 = bucor tcp was formally launhed using the
facilities of the ICAD (inmates crusade against drugs)
Where 22 inmates are involved.

April 22, 2002 – STANDARD OPERATING MANUAL FOR TC

WAS created.
BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT

is the component of TCMP that introduces the concept and

mechanisms of the various shaping tools to include morning
meeting in order to facilitate the management of an shape the
behavior of the residents
➢PRE-MORNING MEETING (15 min daily before
PRE-MORNING MEETING

Duration/ Frequency: Fifteen minutes daily

Participants: Senior Residents, Counselor

What happened or what was the attitude of the house yesterday

or on previous day.
Senior Residents formulate solutions to be discussed during the
day
MORNING MEETING
Duration/ Frequency: One hour daily
Participants: All residents, Counselor

✓It commences with the Opening Prayer, Singing of the

Philippine National Anthem and the recitation of the TC
Philosophy.
✓It is usually facilitated by any member of the community.
✓It is divided into two (2) parts namely: \
(1) public announcements and community concerns
(checking the behavior or erring members through “pull-up”
encouragement of the ownership of mistake) then followed by
affirmation of good deeds and (2) community-spirit building or
up rituals.
 PARTS OF THE MORNING MEETING
I. COMMUNITY ANNOUNCEMENT/ CONCERNS
a. Opening Prayer (Ecumenical)
b. Singing of the Philippine National Anthem (Flag must be displayed)
c. TC Philosophy (Adopted translation)
d. Announcements
Ø Staffs (Director, Asst. Director, Counselor & other personnel)
Ø Residents (Coordinators, Dept Heads, expedites)
Ø Report on Dorm Inspection by Chief Expediter)
e. Community Concerns
Ø Pull-ups/ elaboration
Ø Affirmations
f. Concept of the day
g. Verse of the day
PARTS OF THE MORNING MEETING

II. UP-RITUALS
a. News casting (Local, Natl, International, Sports and
Weather News)
b. Entertainment (Choose either Song, dance, Skit, Humorous
Story)
c. Community Singing (Any song that has relation to the
Concept of the Day)
d. Greetings
TALK TO

A “Talk To” is an outright done by any member of the TC

community to another member who has done a minor infraction
but is not aware of it.
During a “Talk To”, the resident is made aware of his/her negative
behavior and the results it may have on others and the
environment.
HIERARCHY OF BEHAVIOR SHAPING
TOOLS
Behavior Shaping Tools (BST) is employed to strengthen the
learning process and the practice of more adaptive behaviors
within the social learning environment.

The major tools of the BST, such as the Talk to, Pull-up, Dealt
with, Haircut, Learning Experience, General Meeting and
Expulsion were developed as a means to correct behaviors of
the residents that violated the TC norms.
TALK TO
A “Talk To” is an outright done by any member of the TC
community to another member who has done a minor
infraction but is not aware of it.

During a “Talk To”, the resident is made aware of his/her

negative behavior and the results it may have on others and the
environment.

“the Violator is known”

PULL-UP

A Pull-up is done as a result of lack, missed or lapses in

awareness in a resident. All members of the community are
responsible to pull-up minor infractions done by peers. It
encourages honesty, demeanor awareness and owning up to one's
mistakes. This is done when violator is unknown and must be
validated first prior to bringing up in the Morning Meeting.

Elaboration (must be explained well the rectification of faults)

Affirmations

“the violator is not known”

DEALTH WITH

Dealth With is done when negative behaviors or infractions to

the House Rules/ Norms are done for the second time of the
same offense by a resident.
A panel of three (3) composed of a senior resident, peer and
a friend are tasked to deliver a serious and stern reprimand to
the subjected resident
 HAIRCUT
Haircut is done when negative behaviors or infractions to the House
Rules/Norms in same offense are done for the third time or more or
for first time grave offenses.
It is a carefully planned and structured verbal reprimand given by
the staff with four other residents- Senior Resident, Peer, Big
Brother, and Department head
The staff or peer who booked the haircut should not be part of the
team so as to avoid bias or subjectivity.
Before a resident be subjected to Haircut, his/ her infraction must be
first investigated, discussed and decided by the Disciplinary Board
(Book II, Rule 2, Section 4 of the BJMP Manual. Sanction/ Learning
Experience that has been decided upon by the jail Disciplinary
Board and the TCMP staff will be imposed after the Haircut.
LEARNING EXPERIENCE
A Learning Experience (LE) is an action or activity given to a
resident who was subjected to Haircut or General Meeting who
did an infraction to correct or modify a behavior. LE may be task-
oriented, written task or peer interactions.

Putting a person on LE for more than one (1) week may lessen the
learning objective. Putting the person on LE for an extended period
of time or sanctions that are far harsher than the offense or may deny
him of the basic necessities may border on abuse and violation
of human rights

Senior resident - assigned to give a self-report (after 15 days) on

how the resident who undergone LE carried out his responsibilities
after the LE / resident’s condition (if further supervision is needed)
 LEARNING EXPERIENCE
Categories of Learning Experiences:
a. Task-Oriented LE
· Pots and Pans
· Grounds and Landscaping
· Cleaning and Maintenance
· Time keeping (wake up calls, lights out calls)
b. Written Tasks
· Composition or essay
· Reproduction of TCMP Materials
c. Peer Interaction
· Reading and reporting of topic
· Announcements (Morning Meeting or House meeting)
· Bans (sanctions to members who commit repeatedly infractions or violations to cardinal
rules by prohibiting, disallowing, or limiting an activity or affiliation to a group)
HIERARCHY OF BEHAVIOR SHAPING TOOLS

Behavior Shaping Tools (BST) is employed to strengthen the

learning process and the practice of more adaptive behaviors
within the social learning environment.

The major tools of the BST, such as the Talk to, Pull-up, Dealt
with, Haircut, Learning Experience, General Meeting and
Expulsion were developed as a means to correct behaviors of the
residents that violated the TC norms.
LEARNING EXPERIENCE

• RESIDENT➔ MISSING OUT HIS RESONSIBILITIES IN THE

KITCHEN ➔ he can be assigned of cleaning the kitchen for a
specific period of time

• RESIDENT➔ INIIWAN NYA MADLAS ANG HIGAAN NIYA NA

HINDI MAAYOS ➔ HE CAN BE ASSIGNED TO GIVE
ORIENTATION AND SUPERVISION TO NEW RESIDENTS ON
HOW TO KEEP THEIR BEDS NEAT AT ALL TIMES
GENERAL MEETING:

A repeated breach to the Cardinal Rules and necessitates a

General Meeting. Such issue should be discussed with the
community to point out to the violator the negative effect of
the behavior had on the community. These behaviors pose a
threat to the community because they violate the established
order and safety of the facility.
GENERAL MEETING:
PROCEDURES IN GENERAL MEETING
A General Meeting is called and led by a senior member of the
staff, usually a Director of the facility.
The Director sets the tone of the meeting and leads the
community in an open expression of opinions and feelings
regarding the offense brought out into the community. (how or
what is extent of the problem must be assessed/ determine who
are involved)
As soon as the mood is set and the level of awareness of the
community is raised, the leader calls for the violators to face the
entire community. The leader encourages the community to
express their feelings about the offense committed by the
violators.
GENERAL MEETING:

PROCEDURES IN GENERAL MEETING:

4. After some members of the community have expressed their
feelings, it is time for the violators to account for what they
did, share their deepest feelings and verbalize what they
learned from a mistake.

5. After the violators made their statements and offer

commitments, the Director will mark the closure of the issue
and allow for processing of the events that transpired and
provide appropriate emotional support to the violators who
have just been subjected to intense emotional experience.
EXPULSION

In extreme cases, when a resident is incorrigible and

becomes a threat to the community(instigator, initiator of jail
disturbances), the Director with the recommendation of the
Disciplinary Board may transfer him/her to the nearest jail
facility with an appropriate Court Order.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL
ASPECT
Counseling is defined as a professional activity of helping
individuals, groups or communities enhance or restore their
capacity for psychological, emotional and social functioning
and creating an environment favorable for the attainment of these
goals.
 PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT

PSYCHOSOCIAL SKILLS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF COUNSELING

Empathy - perceive the client’s feelings and demonstrate actual perception of
the client. Putting oneself into the client’s shoe.
Warmth - unconditional positive regard./ we care about the client as a person
Respect - belief in the client’s ability to make appropriate decisions and deal
appropriately with his or her life situationists “empowerment”.
Congruence or genuineness - being honest and authentic while with the
client.
Confidentiality - anything discussed during the counseling sessions is
absolutely private,
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT
Pattern of Counseling Session:
Introduction: First 10 minutes
Greet the client warmly
Escort - counseling room
Develop rapport
Assure confidentiality

Information gathering: about 20 minutes

Know the reason of the consultation
(clarifying, rephrasing, focusing, reflecting and reality testing etc)
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT

Pattern of Counseling Session:

• Discussion/ Counselor Input

• Conclusion

• End session

• Brief client on what to expect in the next session

PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT

WHEN TO BREAK CONFIDENTIALITY

• When to break confidentiality

1. children are being neglected or abused

2. Appearance in court as witnesses

3. Client expressed plan to commit suicide

4. Plan to hurt/harm other people

PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT

INITIAL INTERVIEW/ INTAKE INTERVIEW

TCMP is introduced as a program for the development of inmates
while they are awaiting trial. The intake interview in the jail setting
is done by a Counselor to newly admitted residents. The main
purpose is to elicit information about the resident and provide
information about the program and what the expectations are
on both parties.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT

INITIAL INTERVIEW/ INTAKE INTERVIEW

Participants: Newly committed residents, Counselor
Duration:1 hour
Procedure:
1. After the booking procedure, the Counselor/IWDO will conduct
the initial intake interview to the newly committed residents using
the intake interview form.

This is done only in a designated area and one resident at a time.

PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT

ONE TO ONE COUNSELLING/ INDIVIDUAL COUNSELING

• Duration and Frequency: One to two hours per session/ depending

upon the needs as designed by the counselor.

• Participants: Counselor and Resident

PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT

GROUP COUNSELING
STATIC GROUPS
The Static Group is a permanent group of peers and leaders
that meet regularly while the residents are in treatment.

Duration/ Frequency: one hour/ once a week

Participants: 10-15 residents, Counselor
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT

GROUP COUNSELING
PEER CONFRONTATION GROUP The group participants in
Peer Confrontation group are selected by the staff and group
according to peers like adult members will go with the same
date of entry in the facility and same goes with the middle and
young members.
It is done in a more compassionate way where each resident try
to help one another. Participants confront each other on what
they do for themselves while in the facility and ask how they are
coping with it.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT

GROUP COUNSELING

• PEER CONFRONTATION GROUP

• Duration/ Frequency: One hour/ twice a month
• Participants: 10-15 residents, Coordinator
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT

GROUP COUNSELING
SECRETS
Secrets are a group activity where participants are given the
opportunity to unload emotional baggage and thus experience
freedom from internal psychological conflicts.
It promotes trust among the participants knowing that each will
reveal his utmost secrets to the group.
Instructed to go to a place with no distractions (alone)
Write a letter to yourself about how an event your life which has
been keeping a deep secret
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT

GROUP COUNSELING

• SECRETS

• Duration/ frequency: 1-2 hours/ once a month

• Participants: staff, 10-12 residents

PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT

GROUP COUNSELING
ENCOUNTER GROUPS
The Encounter Group serves as a “safety valve” within the
community which is usually high pressured and structured.
It is a forum for members of the community to verbally express
pent-up or negative emotions within a structured and safe
environment without resorting to violence or aggression and
without fear of reprisal.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT

GROUP COUNSELING

• ENCOUNTER GROUPS
• Duration/ frequency: 1-1 ½ hours/ once or
twice a week Participants: counselor, 2 co-
facilitators, 8-10 residents
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT
GROUP COUNSELING
ENCOUNTER GROUPS
The flow of the encounter should pass through the four (4) phases:

Confrontation: verbalization concerns or honest disclosure of emotions

that has
been provoked during interpersonal interactions with another
resident.(verbal
expression of emotion as a way of release)

Exploration: In this phase, all the feelings that were expressed are further
examined and explored and find out how it could have resulted in such
way inorder to evoke awareness on the connection of behavior, feelings and
attitude.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT

GROUP COUNSELING
ENCOUNTER GROUP
Resolution and Commitment: After some realizations and attaining
some insights into their behaviors, the residents are now ready to
move to the last phase to practice new behaviors.

Socialization: This is a structured social event where all those

involved in an encounter will have ample time to mend fences with
those they have offended or hurt in the past.
This is to achieve closure and reaffirm relationship and maintain unity
of community
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT

GROUP COUNSELING
EXTENDED GROUP

(Probe, Marathon) are usually composed of 5-12 residents and

is being facilitated by 2 highly trained staff members.
It may last for 8-72 hours.
the participants must have at least 4 months in the program,
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT

GROUP COUNSELING
EXTENDED GROUP

The participants must have at least 4 months in the program and

have shown adequate stability before he can be included in the
activity.
It is a potentially intimate and intense session which needs a
significant amount of preparation.

Special subjects may be the focus (sexuality, trauma.)

PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT
SPECIALIZED GROUPS
LOSS AND BEREAVEMENT

Duration/ Frequency: one hour once a week

Participants: 10-15 residents

Facilitator discusses the process of grieving and the impact of losses, mad feeling,
attitudes and behavior derived from the loss of a loved one.

At the last session – each participant are required to write a letter to someone or a
buddy to tell about the past and what they will do in future regarding losses.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT

SPECIALIZED GROUPS
WOMENS’ GROUP

Duration/ Frequency: one hour once a week/ might last for six
sessions

Participants: 8-15 residents, Counselor

It provides an opportunity for all female residents to share and discuss

their feelings on women's issues: family, relationship, self-identity,
self-image, societal role and reproductive issues
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT

SPECIALIZED GROUPS
MEN’S GROUP

Duration/ frequency: 1 hour once a week

Participants: 8-15 residents, counselor

Topics include expression of feeling, reveal of true self, dealing

with feeling and how to avoid abusive relationship, family
conflicts, sexuality and sexual relationships
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT

SPECIALIZED GROUPS
MEDICATION SUPPORT GROUP

Duration/ Frequency: as long as the residents are on medication

Participants: residents on medications and Jail health personnel

Share and discuss how to face their difficulties, coping with the
disease and problems encountered while they are on
medications.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT

SPECIALIZED GROUPS
ANGER MANAGEMENT

Duration/ frequency: 1 ½ hours for 6 weeks/ as needed/

curriculum based

Participants: 10-15 residents

The group is an avenue for the residents to know their anger

feelings and acquire new knowledge and information on how to
deal with their feelings on different situation and personalities
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT
PRE-RELEASE INTERVIEW
Participants: Resident/s to be released from jail , IWDO, Admin and OD
Duration:1 hour
Procedure:
1. IWDO should coordinate with the Paralegal Officer to monitor the
status of the case of the residents.
2. If possible, immediate member of the family is/are present before the
residents will be released from jail.
3. Do a pre-release interview to conduct an assessment of the
resident's potentials and map out plans after his release from jail.
Inmate Welfare Development Officer (IWDO)
INTELLECTUAL AND SPIRITUAL COMPONENTS

SPIRITUALITY

is any action or activity that reflects or brings out the goodness

in a man.

INTELLECTUAL COMPONENT

responds to the natural human characteristics of yearning for

knowledge in order to attain a higher level of understanding.
THE TC PHILOSPHY
(after the flag ceremony)
Surrender

“I am here because there is no refuge, finally from myself”

Self-disclosure

“Until I confront myself in the eyes and hearts of others. I am running.

Until I suffer
them to share my secrets, I have no safety from them. Afraid to be
known. I can
neither know myself or any other; I will be alone.”
THE TC PHILOSPHY
Reflection

“Where else but in our common grounds can I find such a mirror?”

Self-realization

“Here together, I can appear clearly to myself, not as the giant of my

dreams not the
dwarf of my fears, but as a person, part of the whole with my share in
its
purpose”.
THE TC PHILOSPHY
Growth

“In this Ground, I can take root and grow”

Self-worth

"Not alone anymore as in death, but alive to myself and to others”

THE TC UNWRITTEN PHILOSPHY
Honesty

Responsible love and concern - learn how to accept and give criticisms.

To be aware is to be alive - learn how to conscious of what is going on

around our environment

Trust in your environment

Be careful what you ask, you might just get it - learn to appreciate what we
have
 THE TC UNWRITTEN PHILOSPHY
No free lunch - if we want something 🡺 work for it

You can't keep it unless you give it away - learn to share

What goes around comes around whatever you do unto others will be done unto
you

Act as if - learn to go with the flow until we are able to embrace it and
behavior will soon become natural

Understand rather than be understood

THE TC UNWRITTEN PHILOSPHY
✓Personal growth before vested status
✓Compensation is valid
✓Forgiveness
✓Humility
✓You alone can do it, but you can't do it alone (learn to seek help from
others.)
✓Pride in quality (accomplish your work with your full potential,
because the result of this will always be a reflection of yourself)
✓Feelings don't think
✓Guilt kills
✓Hang Tough
✓You are your brother’s keepers’ (one for all, all for one)
THEME/ CONCEPT OF THE DAY
It refers to a word or saying that will serve as guide for the
community to ponder upon in relation to their day-to-day
interactions and behaviors.
MEDITATION: DISCOVERING YOUR INNER SANCTUARY

The visualization meditation is used is to help an individual

establish a practice of moving his attention within, finding his
place of relaxation and peace by contracting his inner wisdom.

Duration/ frequency: 1-2 hours/ once a month

Participants:

Residents, Facilitator
SEMINARS
Seminars are activities in TC that provide intellectual stimulation and seek
personal involvement among the residents.

It is a way of providing information, improving the resident's speaking and

writing abilities and enhancing their listening ability so as to understand all
the information being presented.

Duration/ Frequency: 1-2 hours/ once a week

Participants: Residents, facilitator

THE DEBATE
The debate is introduced to provide the residents the opportunity to learn how
to reasonably and put together arguments in a logical manner.

This is also an exercise on how to listen and formulate ideas and demonstrate a
broader understanding of certain issues. It gives the participants certain insights
on other's opinions which may be opposite to their own.
Each group has 5 minutes to gather their thought
With 2 minutes per speaker

Duration/ frequency: 1-2 hours/ once a month

Participants: 20-30 residents, facilitator

GAMES: THE “GRAB BAG”
The “Grab Bag” is a form of seminar which enhances the
resident's ability to communicate, analyze ideas and develop
insights about themselves with the use
of identification with inanimate objects.
SATURDAY NIGHT ACTIVITIES
This activity is held every Saturday as a recreational event
purposely to instill fun, humor and entertainment after an intense
and hectic week. This gives the residents the chance to let loose
and socialize. Each static group is assigned a specific task or
presentation to develop talents among residents.
VOCATIONAL/ SURVIVAL SKILLS
LIVELIHOOD AND SKILL TRAINING

Designed tools: Project Proposals, Training Design, Feasibility Studies

Participants: Residents/ Staff

The IWDO will conduct skill inventory of the residents to determine the
appropriate skills training needed. With the help of skilled staff or
outsourced trainers, residents are trained on their specific field on
interest which could be their source of livelihood once they are
released from jail.
ORGANIZATIONAL HIERARCHY OF
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY
Participants: Personnel and residents
CLASS- A TC COMMUNITY (JAIL POPULATION- 1,000 UP)
1. BUSINESS OFFICE DEPARTMENT- Admin
2. KITCHEN DEPARTMENT- Food Service Officer
3. HOUSEKEEPING DEPARTMENT- Records
4. GROUNDS/ LANDSCAPING DEPARTMENT- Custodial
5. LAUNDRY DEPARTMENT- Logistics
6. MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT- Operations
7. SPECIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT- IWDO
8. EXPEDITING DEPARTMENT- Paralegal/ I&I
ORGANIZATIONAL HIERARCHY OF
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY
CLASS- B TC COMMUNITY (JAIL POP 500-999)

1. BUSINESS OFFICE DEPARTMENT- Admin

2. KITCHEN DEPARTMENT- Food Service Officer

3. HOUSEKEEPING/ LAUNDRY DEPATMENT- Records

4. GROUNDS/ LANSCAPING/ MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT- Custodial

5. SPECIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT- IWDO

6. EXPEDITING DEPARTMENT- Paralegal/ I&

JOB FUNCTIONS
Participants: Residents

Duration/ Frequency: All year round based on jail schedule

Procedure:
Department meeting is conducted weekly for assignment of tasks
which will last for one week in rotation basis within the
department. Each team will be assigned one expediter to monitor
the job function. Job rotation will be primarily based on the
progress, performance and capability of each resident. Promotion
or demotion can happen during the process
FUNCTIONS OF THE DIFFERENT
POSITIONS IN THE HIERARCHY
Coordinator
1. A positive role model
2. Deals with the attitudes of the residents and acts as a member of the panel
during the haircut and address the resident in general meeting
3. The leader of a team assigned to oversee a specific department. e.g kitchen
department
4. Responsible for reporting of job changes and recommends cutting off of
learning experience
5. Assigned as Coordinator on Duty of the day and delegates tasks to be covered
for the day, i.e investigating and booking.
FUNCTIONS OF THE DIFFERENT
POSITIONS IN THE HIERARCHY
COORDINATOR
6. Encourages residents to use behavior shaping tools, i.e encounter slips,
booking, etc.
7. Responsible for overseeing that each team works efficiently.
8. Supervises the over-all functions of the dependent in the TC facility.
9. Reports to staff any incident that is not in the boundaries of a resident to
deal with.
10. Carries out any give task that staff members assigned him/her.
11. In-charge to disseminate instructions given by the Director and staff
through coordination with co-coordinators.
12.Serves as the liaison between resident and staff
FUNCTIONS OF THE DIFFERENT
POSITIONS IN THE HIERARCHY
Coordinator on Duty (Not part of the whole hierarchical
structure, each coordinator take turns to become Coordinator of
the Day)

1. He/ She is designated as Coordinator of the Duty to conduct

inspection in cells, kitchen and other areas where residents are
allowed together with the staff on duty
and the Chief expeditor.
2. Delegates tasks to other coordinators
3. Under direct communication with the Chief Expeditor.
FUNCTIONS OF THE DIFFERENT
POSITIONS IN THE HIERARCHY
Coordinator On Duty
4. Must always be aware and records all the events, incidences of the
day to thelogbook.

5. Must have direct link to Staff on Duty.

6. Responsible to disseminate information coming from the Staff or

Director.

7. Evaluates or validate different incidences and seeks staff’s

acknowledgement.
FUNCTIONS OF THE DIFFERENT
POSITIONS IN THE HIERARCHY
Chief Expediter
1. Responsible for managing the daily function and activities of the
community.
2. Delegates other responsibilities to the Asst. Chief Expeditor and
monitors
every activity.
3. Oversees the schedule of the day.
4. Communicates with department heads in execution of job functions.
5. Communicates with Coordinator of the day on an hourly basis.
FUNCTIONS OF THE DIFFERENT
POSITIONS IN THE HIERARCHY
Assistant Chief Expeditor

1. Responsible for execution of directives from the Chief expeditor.

2. Supervises the activity inside the dormitories.

3. Monitors overall function of the different departments and reports to the chief
all the incidences.

4. Facilitates department head meetings in the absence of the chief expeditor, job
changes and requests. (e.g request for phone calls)
FUNCTIONS OF THE DIFFERENT
POSITIONS IN THE HIERARCHY
Department Head

1. Conducts departmental meetings before job function.

2. Delegates specific tasks to team members and monitors individual

conduct.

3. Monitors participation of members to activities of the program (Morning

Meeting, Seminars and Group Sessions)

4. Check attendance and whereabouts of team members.

FUNCTIONS OF THE DIFFERENT
POSITIONS IN THE HIERARCHY
Department Head

5. Attends department heads pre-evaluation meeting regarding job change.

6. Recommends grants or denies team members‟ in-house requests in the

department head meeting.

7. Conducts post evaluation to residents regarding the result of their

requests.

8. Screen team members‟ request.

FUNCTIONS OF THE DIFFERENT
POSITIONS IN THE HIERARCHY
Department Crew

1. Responsible for carrying-out tasks, duties and responsibilities

of their concerned departments.
TCMP DEPARTMENT AND FUNCTIONS
Business Office Department

1. Welcomes new members of the family and makes sure that policies, rules and
their limitations are clear.
2. Responsible in facilitating younger members‟ group by sharing experiences.
3. Role model that shows how to overcome trying circumstances (coping,
adjustment, etc.)
4. Orients new residents how to drop slips, ventilate feelings in the encounter
group, use the behavior shaping tools and internalize the TC Philosophy and
Unwritten Philosophies.
TCMP DEPARTMENT AND FUNCTIONS
Business Office Department

5. Provides support to residents when needed.

6. Prepares sequence of program for special events and

disseminates all written communications.

7. Maintains and updates bulletin board postages and

announcements. Updates profile of residents

8. Prepares sound system in every activity.

TCMP DEPARTMENT AND FUNCTIONS
Expediting Team

1. Oversees the day-to-day affairs of the different departments,

2. Reports any incident in the TC facility and overall attitude of
the community.
3. In-charge of the attendance of the residents in groups,
seminars, static, specialized groups.
4. Confronts attitudes around the house and make necessary
steps to address them through booking.
TCMP DEPARTMENT AND FUNCTIONS
Expediting Team
4. Coordinates with staff regarding announcements, activities,
medications and court hearings for proper information
dissemination.
5. Coordinates with Coordinator on Duty and Medical Staff in
attending to sick residents.
6. Oversees activities of residents in the Learning Experience
structure.
7. Prepare designated room assignments upon admission of
new residents
8. Oversees activities of residents in the Learning Experience
Structure
TCMP DEPARTMENT AND FUNCTIONS
Kitchen Department

1. Prepares and cook food for daily consumption

2. Maintains quality of food and dietary requirements of every menu.

3. Preserves sanitary working environment and maintains kitchen equipment

properly.

4. Manages quantity of food servings to minimize wastage.

5. Prepares menu for special requirements and occasions.

TCMP DEPARTMENT AND FUNCTIONS
Kitchen Department

5. Serves meals on time

6. Ensures proper storage of food items to avoid spoilage and
contamination.
7. Conducts regular health screening of kitchen workers.
8. Maintains proper washing of dishes and kitchen utensils and
proper disposal of waste materials.
TCMP DEPARTMENT AND FUNCTIONS
Maintenance and Landscaping Department

1. Maintains cleanliness of grounds

2. Responsible in planting, watering and trimming of plants, trees and
flower
beds.
3. Maintains inventory of materials and equipment.
4. Informs staff of any equipment that needs repair or replacement.
5. Responsible in making minor repairs of jail facilities and equipment.
6. Responsible in monitoring proper usage of water and electricity.
TCMP DEPARTMENT AND FUNCTIONS
Housekeeping Department

1. Maintains the cleanliness of the cell area, mess hall, visitation area
and
visitor's comfort room.

2. Maintains inventory of housekeeping materials such as brooms,

dustpans, rugs,
floor wax, etc.

3. Provides proper storage of housekeeping materials.

TCMP DEPARTMENT AND FUNCTIONS
Laundry Department

1. Assigns and schedules laundry time for every dorm.

2. Designates and maintains hanging area for washed clothing.

3. Collects the dried washed clothing and distributes to the

respective dorms.
STAFF FUNCTIONS
Director

The Warden serves as the Director of the facility. He oversees

all the activities in the program. He designates staff to serve as
Counselors. He makes final decision as to what sanctions or
learning experiences will be meted out to erring residents.
STAFF FUNCTIONS
Assistant Director

This position is usually occupied by the Assistant Warden. He

takes over the responsibilities in the absence of the Director. He
reports directly to the Director and assists him in the conduct of
the latter's responsibilities.
STAFF FUNCTIONS
Counselor

A staff is assigned as a Counselor for each department. Due to

the inadequate number of jail personnel, custodial officers are
oftentimes assigned as Counselors.
The Counselors are responsible for the conduct of the different
activities of TC on a daily basis. Each Counselor will monitor the
activities of their respective departments.
JOB CHANGES
What: Job Change (Job rotation)

Where: All TC implementing jails

When: Every six months

Participants: TC staff and residents

JOB CHANGES
What: Job Change (With Infractions/ Offense Committed)

Where: All TC Implementing Jails

When: Upon Violation of Offenses

Participants: Disciplinary Board, TC Staff and Residents

JOB CHANGES
What: Job Change (Vacated Positions upon release)

Where: All TC Implementing Jails

When: Upon release of a resident holding a key position

Participants: TC Staff and Residents

TERMS TO REMEMBER:
ANGER MANAGEMENT
– a specialized group activity discussing issues to control anger.
ANNOUNCEMENT
- Information given to all residents.
ATTITUDES
– the general condition of the TC family as a whole, including
incidences, positive and negative.
BANS
- a behavior shaping tool to prohibit a resident to a specific area,
activity, verbal, another client.
TERMS TO REMEMBER:
BIG BROTHER
- an older member of the community tasked to provide guidance to the
newly committed residents
BOOKED
– logged an incident to the Coordinator of the Day.
CARDINAL RULES
- the principal guiding rule observed by all residents in a TC Community with
heavier corresponding consequences.
COERCION
- the use of internal and external sources to heighten dissonance on the
client and magnify his choices and the specific consequences of his choices.
TERMS TO REMEMBER:
COMMUNICATION
– a department which oversees the daily census, entry, news and other
information to be disseminated.
COMMUNITY
- the residents of the TC Family.
COORDINATOR
- the highest position attained by a resident in a TC Hierarchy, who works
with the staff in running the house, implementing rules. With corresponding
status, a resident has
an authority over the other residents.
COORDINATOR OF THE DAY
– assigned coordinator (resident) to oversee and address the incidents,
TERMS TO REMEMBER:
TERMS TO REMEMBER:
COUNSELOR
- staff member position who assists the residents’ needs
DAILY STRUCTURE
- list of day to day activities
DEPARTMENT HEAD
- a ranking resident next to the coordinator in the TC Hierarchy assigned to
oversee, monitor tasks to be done in a particular department.
DISSONANCE
- the time period of admitting, denying before coming up with a decision.
TERMS TO REMEMBER:
TERMS TO REMEMBER:
DORMITORY
– a cell where the residents stays while on confinement.
ENCOUNTER
- a group process utilized to vent out concerns, angerand hurt feelings
ENCOUNTER BOX
- box used to receive slips being dropped.
ENTERTAINMENT and RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY
- an activity in the TC community aimed to aid residents in treatment.
EVALUATION
an assessment done anytime during the treatment
TERMS TO REMEMBER:
EXPULSION
- the ejection of one from the community because of his/her serious
offense.
(incorrigible)
FRIEND
- a resident who has the closest regard to the other resident.
GENERAL MEETING
- a behavior shaping tool addressing serious infraction of a resident.
GENERAL WORKER
– the lowest position in the TC hierarchy
TERMS TO REMEMBER:
HAIRCUT
- a behavior shaping tool consisting of a five-man panel that
addresses a resident’s infraction.
HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE
– the chain of command of residents in TCMP.
HOUSE
– pertains to the jail facility.
HOUSE RULES
– are day to day standards that need to be followed inside the jail
facility to ensure the smooth and orderly flow of operation.
TERMS TO REMEMBER:
INFRACTIONS
- a violation to the House Rules of the TC Family.
LEARNING EXPERIENCE
– a form of sanction that aid residents realize the value of correcting infractions.
MORNING MEETING
- a daily ritual addressing attitudes of previous days, performed to start the day
right.
PEERS
– friends of the same entry period.
PRE-MORNING MEETING
- the activity preceding the Morning Meeting that discusses attitudes of the house
TERMS TO REMEMBER:
PULL – UP (unknown)
– verbal reprimand done during the Morning Meeting.
RESIDENTS
– terms used for inmates who are part of the TCMP community.
SENIOR RESIDENT
– a member of the TC community having thepo sition such as Static Group leader
and its Assistant and In Charge of various special services groups.
STAFF
– refer to jail personnel
STATIC GROUP
– a group composed of residents known as permanent support group.
TERMS TO REMEMBER:
TALK TO
– friendly reminder for resident violators. (unaware of the
infractions he/she has made)
TC FAMILY
– refers to all residents of the TC community.
UNWRITTEN PHILOSOPHY
– refers to a guiding value which residents reflect and hold on.
VIOLATOR
– a resident who commits an act in violation of the TC/Jail Rules
TC:
Vocational
Intellectual/Spiritual
Behavioral
Emotional
BEHAVIORAL (BEHAVIORAL SHAPING TOOLS)
TALK-TO –unaware
PULL-UP – morning meeting – unknown
DEALT WITH - 2nd time and safe offense
Haircut - 3rd time/1st time grave offense
Learning Experience - done after conduct of haircut/general meeting
General Meeting repeated breach to the cardinal rules
Expulsion - incorrigible and threat to the community
PSYCHOLOGICAL/EMOTIONAL ASPECT
Counseling - restore the capacity for psychogical, emotional, and social functioning
Intial/intake interview - newly admitted resident
One-on-one counseling - resident and a counselor
Group counseling
Peer confrontation - grouped according to peers (bata-bata, matanda-matanda)
Static group - permanent group of peers/meet regularly “home groups”
Secrets - unload emotional baggage and experience freedom from internal psychological
conflicts
Encounter groups - safety valve – raise awareness of the behaviors and explore underlying
feeling that led to such
negative emotions. (confrontation/exploration/ resolution and commitment/socialization
Extended group – intimate and intense session
Specialized groups
Women’s group
Men’s group
Loss and bereavement
Anger management
Medication support group
Intellectual and Spiritual

TC philosophy (written and unwritten)

Mediation: discovery of inner sanctuary

Seminars

Debate

Grab brag

Saturday night activities

Vocational skills

Livelihood and skills training

 Salamat po !!
CTTO
Ma’am Idol Buted!!