THERAPEUTIC
THERAPEUTIC
MODALITIES
Therapeutic Community (backbone of Rehabilitation)
HUMAN RIGHTS
➢Those rights which are inherent in our nature and without
which, we cannot live as human beings.
SEPARATION OF CATEGORIES
Rule 11 The different categories of prisoners shall be kept in
separate institutions, taking account of their sex, age,
criminal record, the legal reason for their detention and the
necessities of their treatment.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES
ACCOMMODATION
Rule 12 Where sleeping accommodation is in individual cells or
rooms, each prisoner shall occupy by night cell or room by
himself or herself. If for special reasons, such as temporary
overcrowding, it becomes necessary for the central prison
administration to make an exception to this rule, it is not
desirable to have two prisoners in a cell or room.
Rule 13 All accommodation provided for the use of prisoners and
in particular all sleeping accommodation shall meet all
requirements of health, due regard being paid to climatic
conditions and particularly to cubic content of air, minimum floor
space, lighting, heating and ventilation.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES
ACCOMMODATION
Rule 14 In all places where prisoners are required to live or work:
(a) The windows shall be large enough to enable the prisoners to read and
work by natural light and shall be so constructed that they can allow the
entrance of fresh air whether or not there is artificial ventilation;
(b) Artificial light shall be provided sufficient for the prisoners to read or
work without injury to eyesight.
PERSONAL HYGIENE
Rule 18 Prisoners shall be required to keep their persons clean,
and to this end they shall be provided with water and with such
toilet articles as are necessary for health and cleanliness.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES
CLOTHING AND BEDDING
Rule 19 Every prisoner who is not allowed to wear his/her own
clothing shall be provided with an outfit of clothing suitable for
the climate and adequate to keep him or her in good health. Such
clothing shall in no manner be degrading or humiliating.
FOOD
Rule 22
1. Every prisoners shall be provided by the prison administration
at the usual hours with food of nutritional value adequate for
health and strength, of wholesome quality and well prepared and
served.
2. Drinking water shall be available to every prisoner whenever
he or she needs it.
BOOKS
Rule 64 Every prison shall have a library for the use of all
categories of prisoners, adequately stocked with both
recreational and instructional books, and prisoners shall be
encouraged to make full use of it.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES
RELIGION
Rule 65 If the prison contains a sufficient number of prisoners of
the same religion, a qualified representative of that religion
shall be appointed or approved. If the number of prisoners
justifies it and conditions permit, the arrangement should be on a
full-time basis.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES
NOTIFICATIONS
Rule 68 Every prisoner shall have the right and shall be given the
ability and means, to inform immediately his or her family, or
any other person designated as a contact person, about his or
her imprisonment, about his or her transfer to another
institution and about any serious illness or injury.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES
INVESTIGATIONS
Rule 71 Notwithstanding the initiation of an internal investigation,
the prison director shall report, without delay, any custodial
death, disappearance or serious injury to a judicial or other
competent authority that is independent of the prison
administration and mandated to conduct prompt, impartial
and effective investigations into the circumstances and causes
of such cases. The prison administration shall fully cooperate
with that authority and ensure that all evidence is preserved.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES
REMOVAL OF PRISONERS
Rule 73
1. When prisoners are being removed to or from an institution they
shall be exposed to public view as little as possible and proper
safeguards shall be adopted to protect them from insult, curiosity
and publicity in any form.
2. The transport of prisoners in conveyances with inadequate
ventilation or light, or in any which would subject them to
unnecessary physical hardship, shall be prohibited.
(SCREEN TEST – sudden application of brake)
3. The transport of prisoners shall be carried out at the expense of
the prison administration and equal conditions shall apply to all of
them.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES
INSTITUTIONAL PERSONNEL
Rule 74 The prison administration shall provide for the careful
selection of every grade of the personnel, since it is on their
integrity, humanity, professional capacity and personal suitability
for the work that the proper administration of prison depends.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES
TREATMENT
PRIVILEGES
Rule 95 Systems of privileges appropriate for the different
classes of prisoners and the different methods of treatment shall
be established at every prison, in order to encourage good
conduct, develop a sense of responsibility and secure the interest
and cooperation of prisoners in their treatment.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES
WORK
Rule 96 Sentenced prisoners shall have the opportunity to work
and or to actively participate in their rehabilitation, subject to a
determination of physical and mental fitness by a physician or
other qualified health-care professionals.
THE NELSON MANDELA RULES
Deterrence
Incapacitation
Rehabilitation
Retribution
Restitution
HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS
The claim should be filed with the Board by the person entitled to
compensation under this Act within six months after being
released from imprisonment or detention or from the date he
suffered damage or injury, Otherwise he is deemed to have
waived his claim.
HOW IS A CLAIM FILED?
RELATIONAL/BEHAVIORAL
AFFECTIVE/EMOTIONAL/PSYCHOLOGICAL
COGNITIVE/INTELLECTUAL/SPIRITUAL
PSYCHOMOTOR/VOCATIONAL-SURVIVAL SKILLS (not included in bjmp, only in PPA)
VOCATIONAL/INTELLECTUAL/BEHAVIORAL/EMOTIONAL (VIBES)
By Parole and Probation Administration
CHILDREN IN CONFLICT WITH THE LAW (CICL)
PHASES OF TREATMENT
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY PROGRAM BY THE
BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY
PHASES OF TREATMENT
Phase I – entry and orientation phase
- Once the inmate is to committed to jail
Undergoes a series of examination to determine his
physical/social/ psychological status
The rules and norms of the community
Tc concepts (written and unwritten philosophy)
- job functions and tc hierarchy
- assigned to a static group (permanent group)
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY PROGRAM BY THE
BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY
PHASES OF TREATMENT
PHASES OF TREATMENT
• Phase III – pre-reentry
➔ He should focus on the following learning:
➔ rebuild social and family ties
➔ Going up the ladder of hierarchy
➔ Realization of his full potential
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY PROGRAM BY THE
BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY
PHASES OF TREATMENT
• Phase IV – RE-ENRTY
• FOCUS:
• TRANSITION TO LIFE OUTSIDE THE JAIL
• CREATING NEW LIFESTYLE APPLYING THE TOOLS AND CONCEPTS of
TC
• REINGETRATION INTO MAINSTREAM OF SOCIETY
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY MODALITY PROGRAM BY THE
BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY
• PHASES OF TREATMENT
• Phase IV – AFTERCARE
OUTPATIENT PROGRAM =REQUIRED TO REPORT 2X A WEEK TO AN
OUTREACH CENTER/ ATTEND GROUP SESSIONS
✓ The internal and external environment ✓ There is adequate space to hold
is comfortable, clean, and welcoming. activities and rooms for specific
meetings that require privacy.
✓ TC Philosophy and unwritten
philosophies are visibly posted around ✓ A clean and well-maintained kitchen
the facility. that complies with the sanitary
standards of BJMP.
✓ Hierarchical structure and daily
activities are displayed.
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
TCMP STAFF
THE INMATES/RESIDENTS
✓The participants of TCMP are change agents in bringing about
transformation among peers
✓The residents comply with the cardinal (NO drugs, NO violence or
threat of violence, NO sexual acting out and NO stealing) and house
rules and serve as “watchdogs” for their peers with the aim of
correcting erring members.
✓Absence or minimal incidence of jail violence/disturbance
✓The residents respect the hierarchy and chain of command.
PARTICIPANTS OF THE TCMP CONDUCTS “MORNING MEETING”
BUCOR TC HISTORY
March 1996 (fight against drugs) - crusade by inmates called the
INMATES CRUSADE AGAINST DRUGS (ICAD)
1998 - DOJ - ADOPTED THE TC DRUG TREATMENT AND
REHAB - DAYTOP TC NY (base therapeutic community
movement in the world)
II. UP-RITUALS
a. News casting (Local, Natl, International, Sports and
Weather News)
b. Entertainment (Choose either Song, dance, Skit, Humorous
Story)
c. Community Singing (Any song that has relation to the
Concept of the Day)
d. Greetings
TALK TO
The major tools of the BST, such as the Talk to, Pull-up, Dealt
with, Haircut, Learning Experience, General Meeting and
Expulsion were developed as a means to correct behaviors of
the residents that violated the TC norms.
TALK TO
A “Talk To” is an outright done by any member of the TC
community to another member who has done a minor
infraction but is not aware of it.
Putting a person on LE for more than one (1) week may lessen the
learning objective. Putting the person on LE for an extended period
of time or sanctions that are far harsher than the offense or may deny
him of the basic necessities may border on abuse and violation
of human rights
The major tools of the BST, such as the Talk to, Pull-up, Dealt
with, Haircut, Learning Experience, General Meeting and
Expulsion were developed as a means to correct behaviors of the
residents that violated the TC norms.
LEARNING EXPERIENCE
• Conclusion
• End session
GROUP COUNSELING
STATIC GROUPS
The Static Group is a permanent group of peers and leaders
that meet regularly while the residents are in treatment.
GROUP COUNSELING
PEER CONFRONTATION GROUP The group participants in
Peer Confrontation group are selected by the staff and group
according to peers like adult members will go with the same
date of entry in the facility and same goes with the middle and
young members.
It is done in a more compassionate way where each resident try
to help one another. Participants confront each other on what
they do for themselves while in the facility and ask how they are
coping with it.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT
GROUP COUNSELING
GROUP COUNSELING
SECRETS
Secrets are a group activity where participants are given the
opportunity to unload emotional baggage and thus experience
freedom from internal psychological conflicts.
It promotes trust among the participants knowing that each will
reveal his utmost secrets to the group.
Instructed to go to a place with no distractions (alone)
Write a letter to yourself about how an event your life which has
been keeping a deep secret
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT
GROUP COUNSELING
• SECRETS
GROUP COUNSELING
ENCOUNTER GROUPS
The Encounter Group serves as a “safety valve” within the
community which is usually high pressured and structured.
It is a forum for members of the community to verbally express
pent-up or negative emotions within a structured and safe
environment without resorting to violence or aggression and
without fear of reprisal.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT
GROUP COUNSELING
• ENCOUNTER GROUPS
• Duration/ frequency: 1-1 ½ hours/ once or
twice a week Participants: counselor, 2 co-
facilitators, 8-10 residents
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT
GROUP COUNSELING
ENCOUNTER GROUPS
The flow of the encounter should pass through the four (4) phases:
Exploration: In this phase, all the feelings that were expressed are further
examined and explored and find out how it could have resulted in such
way inorder to evoke awareness on the connection of behavior, feelings and
attitude.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT
GROUP COUNSELING
ENCOUNTER GROUP
Resolution and Commitment: After some realizations and attaining
some insights into their behaviors, the residents are now ready to
move to the last phase to practice new behaviors.
GROUP COUNSELING
EXTENDED GROUP
GROUP COUNSELING
EXTENDED GROUP
Facilitator discusses the process of grieving and the impact of losses, mad feeling,
attitudes and behavior derived from the loss of a loved one.
At the last session – each participant are required to write a letter to someone or a
buddy to tell about the past and what they will do in future regarding losses.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT
SPECIALIZED GROUPS
WOMENS’ GROUP
Duration/ Frequency: one hour once a week/ might last for six
sessions
SPECIALIZED GROUPS
MEN’S GROUP
SPECIALIZED GROUPS
MEDICATION SUPPORT GROUP
Share and discuss how to face their difficulties, coping with the
disease and problems encountered while they are on
medications.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL ASPECT
SPECIALIZED GROUPS
ANGER MANAGEMENT
SPIRITUALITY
INTELLECTUAL COMPONENT
Self-disclosure
“Where else but in our common grounds can I find such a mirror?”
Self-realization
Self-worth
Responsible love and concern - learn how to accept and give criticisms.
Be careful what you ask, you might just get it - learn to appreciate what we
have
THE TC UNWRITTEN PHILOSPHY
No free lunch - if we want something 🡺 work for it
What goes around comes around whatever you do unto others will be done unto
you
Act as if - learn to go with the flow until we are able to embrace it and
behavior will soon become natural
Participants:
Residents, Facilitator
SEMINARS
Seminars are activities in TC that provide intellectual stimulation and seek
personal involvement among the residents.
This is also an exercise on how to listen and formulate ideas and demonstrate a
broader understanding of certain issues. It gives the participants certain insights
on other's opinions which may be opposite to their own.
Each group has 5 minutes to gather their thought
With 2 minutes per speaker
The IWDO will conduct skill inventory of the residents to determine the
appropriate skills training needed. With the help of skilled staff or
outsourced trainers, residents are trained on their specific field on
interest which could be their source of livelihood once they are
released from jail.
ORGANIZATIONAL HIERARCHY OF
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY
Participants: Personnel and residents
CLASS- A TC COMMUNITY (JAIL POPULATION- 1,000 UP)
1. BUSINESS OFFICE DEPARTMENT- Admin
2. KITCHEN DEPARTMENT- Food Service Officer
3. HOUSEKEEPING DEPARTMENT- Records
4. GROUNDS/ LANDSCAPING DEPARTMENT- Custodial
5. LAUNDRY DEPARTMENT- Logistics
6. MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT- Operations
7. SPECIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT- IWDO
8. EXPEDITING DEPARTMENT- Paralegal/ I&I
ORGANIZATIONAL HIERARCHY OF
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY
CLASS- B TC COMMUNITY (JAIL POP 500-999)
3. Monitors overall function of the different departments and reports to the chief
all the incidences.
4. Facilitates department head meetings in the absence of the chief expeditor, job
changes and requests. (e.g request for phone calls)
FUNCTIONS OF THE DIFFERENT
POSITIONS IN THE HIERARCHY
Department Head
1. Welcomes new members of the family and makes sure that policies, rules and
their limitations are clear.
2. Responsible in facilitating younger members‟ group by sharing experiences.
3. Role model that shows how to overcome trying circumstances (coping,
adjustment, etc.)
4. Orients new residents how to drop slips, ventilate feelings in the encounter
group, use the behavior shaping tools and internalize the TC Philosophy and
Unwritten Philosophies.
TCMP DEPARTMENT AND FUNCTIONS
Business Office Department
1. Maintains the cleanliness of the cell area, mess hall, visitation area
and
visitor's comfort room.
Seminars
Debate
Grab brag
Vocational skills