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Cricket
Cricket
UID – 22BAI70100
SEMESTER- 1ST
CLASS –AML 107-B
GP COURSE - CRICKET MASTERCLASSES
SUBJECT CODE:-21GPC014
Date:
SHYAMKISHORE SIR
CONTENTS
SL.NO TOPIC
1. INTRODUCTION
2. FIRST PLAYED
3. A LITTLE INFORMATION OF CRICKET
4. HISTORY
5. CRICKET PLAYING FIELD AND RULES
6. CRICKET PITCH AND CREASES
7. CRICKET GRIP,STANCE AND BACKLIFT
8. MATCH STRUCTURE AND CLOSURE
9. FRONTFOOT STROKES(DEFENSE AND
DRIVES)
10. BACKFOOT STROKES(DEFENSE AND
DRIVES)
11. PACE BOWLING
12. SPIN BOWLING
13. CATCHING AND FIELDING
14. CONCLUSION
15. REFERNCES
INTRODUCTION
Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two
teams of eleven players on field at the centre of which is a
20-metre (22-yard) pitch with a wicket at each end, each
comprising two bails balanced on three stumps. The batting
side scores runs
by striking the ball bowled at the wicket with the bat, while the
bowling and fielding side tries to prevent this and dismiss each
player (so they are "out"). Means of dismissal include being
bowled, when the ball hits the stumps and dislodges the bails,
and by the fielding side catching the ball after it is hit by the
bat, but before it hits the ground. When ten players have been
dismissed, the innings ends and the teams swap roles. The
game is adjudicated by two umpires, aided by a third umpire
and match referee in international matches. They communicate
with two off-field scorers who record the match's statistical
information.Eden Gardens, India under floodlights during 2016
ICC World Twenty20 Final Highest governing bodyInternational
Cricket Council
First played :-16th century; South East England Characteristics
and (1900 Summer Olympics only)
used for each phase of play in the match. In each innings, one
team bats, attempting to score runs, while the other team
bowls and fields the ball, attempting to restrict the scoring and
dismiss the batsmen When the first innings ends, the teams
change roles; there can be two to four innings depending upon
the type of match. A match with four scheduled innings is
played over three to five days; a match with two scheduled
innings is usually completed in a single day.During an innings,
all eleven members of the fielding team take the field, but
usually only two members of the batting team are on the field
at any given time. The exception to this is if a batsman has any
type of illness or injury restricting his or her ability to run, in
this case the batsman is allowed "A Runner" who can run
between the wickets when the batsman hits a scoring run or
runs, though this does not apply in international cricket.
The order of batsmen is usually announced just before the
match, but it can be varied.
If the match has only a single innings per side, then a maximum
number of overs applies to each innings. Such a match is called
a "limited overs" or "one-day" match, and the side scoring
more runs wins regardless of the number of wickets lost, so
that a draw cannot occur. If this kind of match is temporarily
interrupted by bad weather, then a complex mathematical
formula, known as the Duckworth-Lewis method after its
developers, is often used to recalculate a new target score.
Grip, Stance, Back-Lift:-
The three basic skills, which come of use prior to the actual devoir of a batsman to
hit the coming delivery to feasible parts of the ground to score as many runs as
possible, are (i) Grip, (ii) Stance and (iii) Back-lift. The minute details of these skills
may vary as per the personal preference of the batsman, but the nitty-gritty is
pretty much the same for all.
Grip:
The term “grip” is used for how a batsman holds his bat with his hands. It’s
actually one of the most important factors in being a good batsman, as a correct
and more importantly comfortably viable grip can help him exploit a wide range
of shots, with full flair.
There are essentially two types of grips: (i) ‘V’ shaped grip and (ii) ‘O’ shaped grip,
the former being the more widely used. For the ‘V’ shaped grip, both hands are
placed close together, with the left hand on the top for a right-hander, and vice
versa. Ideally, the top hand should be held tighter than the bottom hand, whose
back of the palm should face the stumps or the wicket-keeper. Both the palms
should create a ‘V’ shape in the straight line running down the centre line of the
back of the bat. This grip gives an easier opportunity of pouncing on straight and
vertical-batted strokes. The ‘O’ shaped grip on the other hand helps in fluency of
cross-batted shots, but as mentioned before isn’t used as proficiently as the ‘V’
shaped grip.
The positioning of the hands on the handle of the bat depends largely on
batsman’s choice, however, leaving too much of the handle on the top, may
hamper playing certain drives, or cause wrist injuries in the long run.
Stance:-
An ideal stance is one in which the entire weight of the batsman is distributed
evenly on the two legs. Often batsmen develop foot, knees and back injuries
because of a faulty stance, because of excessive load on either of those.
Starting with the leg position, the feet should be comfortably apart, neither too
far nor too close, with the weight distributed evenly on each, and no pressure on
the heels or the toes. The knees should be slightly bent, such that the weight is
distributed uniformly throughout the legs.
Moving up, the back position of critical importance, since bending it too much
might cause the weight to shift to it, and cause injurious troubles in the long run.
The back position thus should be such that it doesn’t have to carry unnecessary
load. The front shoulder should be pointing straight down the pitch in the line of
the stumps at the opposite end, or Mid On, and the elbow not too stiff. The head
should be still, and not tilt on either side, with the eyes focusing straight and
leveled.
The top hand should be resting on the front thigh, while the bat should be
grounded around the toes of the back foot. Alternatively though, modern-day
Australian batsmen ground their bats around the center of the space between the
two feet, and from the looks of how they have performed, it c an be said that that
method is definitely viable.
Back-Lift:
Like the grip and the stance, the back-lift has a few basics that need to be
followed, but minute adjustments should be made by the batsman, as per
what suits him the best. A major mistake that beginners especially make is
lifting the bat either too late or with the wrong orientation.
The bat should be lifted when the bowler is in action. A little delay and it
become too late to judge with what speed to bring it down to play the ball
as per its speed. The bat shouldn’t be lifted either too straight, or pointing
as far as the gully. It should slant towards between the first and third slips,
to get the best resultant balance. However, when the bat is brought down
to impact with the ball, it should come in a straight line.
The position of the hands is also of utmost importance. The bat should be
lifted with the top hand, while the elbow should bend, and not be positioned
too far from the body. Even while lifting the bat, the position of the eyes and
head shouldn’t alter, and should be maintained in the straight line with the
incoming bowler’s hand.
Front Foot Strokes
Back-foot strokes are often underestimated in comparison to front-foot ones,
purely because to the naked eye they may not seem as attractive. Make no
mistake though, the former take as much skill and finesse to execute perfectly, as
the latter.
Front-foot strokes are a treat to the eye. It is important to have a good sense of
recognition of the length and pace of the incoming delivery, to execute them
perfectly, apart from possessing an excellent timing.
Defense and Drive:
While the back-foot defense is applied to counter a ball pitched just short of good
length, the front-foot defense needs to be adopted when the ball is pitched on
good length, in a straight line with the stumps. The purpose of this shot is to block
out a potentially dangerous delivery, rather than to try and score off it.
The head and front shoulder should shift in the line of the ball, with the front leg
coming right up to the pitch of the ball. Failing to do this could easily result into
missing the shot altogether, with the ball going in between the bat and pad. The
back leg should remain straight.
As the ball approaches, bend the front knee, as it will help in getting on top of the
ball, and thus reduce the chances of edging. The arms and palms should be kept
relaxed too, without trying to force on the ball. The purpose is to just block out.
The face of the bat, when brought down to make contact with the ball, should be
straight. The point of contact between the bat and the ball should be beneath the
eyes. The bat should be just in front of the pads, with minimal distance between
the in a straight line. The heel of the back-foot should be raised, and the position
should be stilled, rather than following through.
Back Foot Strokes
Back-foot strokes are often underestimated in comparison to front-foot
ones, purely because to the naked eye they may not seem as attractive.
Make no mistake though, the former take as much skill and finesse to
execute perfectly, as the latter.
Defense and Drive:
It probably isn’t the most glamorous of shots, but is a definite must in
the armor of international batsmen, especially the openers, what with
fast bowlers running in to deliver soaring-paced on a bouncy first day
track.
The best way to deal with a ball pitched just short of good length early
on in the innings, when taking is risk is not worth, is to play the back-
foot defensive. It is essential to meet the ball at the top of its bounce is
such cases, which could be done by going back on one’s crease. It is
also requisite, so as to prevent losing one’s wicket, to play the back-
foot defense with a relaxed grip, thus reducing the chances of edging to
fielders close-by.
The back-foot should be well in the crease, with the line of the off-
stump. The front elbow should rise up in line with the ball, while the
bottom hand should rest loose on the handle. It is also necessary that
the entire weight of the body is concentrated on the front.
PACE BOWLING:-
Fast bowling (also referred to as pace bowling) is one of two main approaches to bowling in the sport
of cricket, the other being spin bowling. Practitioners of pace bowling are usually known
as fast bowlers, quicks, or pacemen. They can also be referred to as a seam bowler, a swing bowler or
a fast bowler who can swing it to reflect the predominant characteristic of their deliveries. Strictly
speaking, a pure swing bowler does not need to have a high degree of pace, though dedicated medium-
pace swing bowlers are rarely seen at Test level in modern times.
The aim of pace bowling is to deliver the ball in such a fashion as to cause the batsman to make a
mistake. The bowler achieves this by making the hard cricket ball deviate from a predictable, linear
trajectory at a sufficiently high speed that limits the time the batsman has to compensate for it. For
deviation caused by the ball's stitching (the seam), the ball bounces off the pitch and deflects either
away from the batsman's body, or inwards towards them. Swing bowlers on the other hand also use the
seam of the ball but in a different way. To 'bowl swing' is to induce a curved trajectory of the cricket ball
through the air. Swing bowlers use a combination of seam orientation, body position at the point of
release, asymmetric ball polishing, and variations in delivery speed to effect an aerodynamic influence
on the ball. The ability of a bowler to induce lateral deviation or 'sideways movement' can make it
difficult for the batsman to address the flight of the ball accurately. Beyond this ability to create an
unpredictable path of ball trajectory, the fastest bowlers can be equally potent by simply delivering a
ball at such a rate that a batsman simply fails to react either correctly, or at all, while spin bowlers also
seek to deceive batters they do so in a rather different manner. Effective spin bowlers compensate for a
much lower speed of delivery with ability to make the ball deviate in a considerably more extreme
fashion than typical fast bowling.
SPIN BOWLING
Spinners have always been a crucial part of any playing XI. Some
captains try to use them as an attacking option while others aim to
keep the flow of runs in check. Spinners have a bonafide art of
deceiving the batter in the air using the drift on the ball, the speed, and
variations. However, not all spinners are of the same kind. There are
different types of spin bowling in cricket as we discuss each one of
them in detail.
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