2 Acccident Investigation

ACCIDENT
INVESTIGATION
Daniel E. Gonzales
MexE, SO3, PCO
OBJECTIVES
• What is UNSAFE ACT & UNSAFE CONDITION
• What is an ACCIDENT
• What is an ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
• How to make an ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPORT
• Sample of ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPORT
UNSAFE ACT &
UNSAFE CONDITION
INCIDENT
An event or occurrence.
ACCIDENT OCCURRENCE
2%
10%
UNSAFE ACT
UNSAFE CONDITION
ACTS OF GOD
88%
UNSAFE ACT
An unsafe act is when an individual
who has both knowledge and
control of an existing unsafe
condition or action, but choses to
perform the action or ignore the
condition. Workers generally
perform unsafe acts in an effort to
save time and/or effort.
UNSAFE CONDITION
A condition in the work place that
is likely to cause property damage
or injury.
ACTS OF GOD
An act of God is a phrase used to
describe an event outside of
human control, such as a natural
disaster. Examples:
1. Typhoon
2. Earthquake
3. Floods
4. Volcanic eruption
WHAT IS AN
ACCIDENT
ACCIDENT
An unforeseen and unplanned
event or circumstance that may
lead to injuries or death.
NEAR-MISS
Near miss, near hit or close call is
an unplanned event that has the
potential to cause, but does not
actually result in human injury,
environmental or equipment
damage, or an interruption to
normal operation.
TYPES OF
ACCIDENTS
TYPES OF ACCIDENTS
LOST TIME ACCIDENTS NON-LOST TIME ACCIDENTS
 Temporary Total Disability  First Aid

 Permanent Partial Disability  Restricted Work
 Permanent Total Disability  Medical Treatment
TYPES OF ACCIDENTS

Employees need to take some rest

for days or even up to months,
depending on the nature of injury.
TYPES OF ACCIDENTS

Employees need to take some rest Employees can go back to their work
for days or even up to months, on the same day the accident
depending on the nature of injury. occurred.
TYPES OF ACCIDENTS
NON-LOST TIME : First Aid
First aid refers to medical attention
that is usually administered
immediately after the injury occurs
and at the location where it
occurred. It often consists of a one-
time, short-term treatment and
requires little technology or training
to administer.
TYPES OF ACCIDENTS
NON-LOST TIME : Medical Treatment
Medical treatment means the
management and care of a patient
to combat disease, injury or
disorder.
Employee might need Medical
Treatment if the Company Clinic does
not have the capability to do medical
procedures beyond first aid.
TYPES OF ACCIDENTS
NON-LOST TIME : Restricted Work
The concept of restricted work is based
on three criteria as follows:
1. The employee was assigned to
another job on a temporary basis, or
2. The employee worked at a
permanent job less than full time, or
3. The employee worked at his or her
permanently assigned job but could
not perform all the duties normally
connected with it.
TYPES OF ACCIDENTS
LOST TIME : Temporary Total Disability (TTD)
Occurs when the impaired physical
and/or mental faculties can be
rehabilitated and/or restored to
their normal functions, but such
disability shall result in temporary
incapacity to work or to engage in
any gainful occupation.
TYPES OF ACCIDENTS
LOST TIME : Permanent Partial Disability (PPD)
Occurs due to the complete and
permanent loss of the use of any of
the following resulting to the
disability to work for a limited
period of time. Such injuries
include those on any finger, toe,
one arm, one hand, one foot, one
leg, ears, hearing of ears, sight of
one eye, and others.
TYPES OF ACCIDENTS
LOST TIME : Permanent Total Disability (PTD)
PTD are disabilities due to injury or
disease causing complete, irreversible
and permanent incapacity that will
permanently disable an employee to
work or to engage in any gainful
occupation. (complete loss of sight for
both eyes, loss of two limbs at or
above the ankle or wrists, permanent
complete paralysis of two limbs, brain
injury resulting in incurable imbecility
or insanity.
Examples of Accidents
• Cuts / lacerations
• Caught in/on/between
• Slip
• Fall from height
• Hit / struck by
• Struck at / bumped
• Exposure to extreme temperatures
• Splashed with hazardous material or chemicals.
• electrocuted
ACCIDENT
INVESTIGATION
ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
Accident investigation is the
process of determining the root
causes of accidents, on-the-job
injuries, property damage, and
near-misses in order to prevent
them from occurring again.
STEPS IN ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
1. NOTIFICATION OF INCIDENT
2. FACT FINDING AND INVESTIGATION PROPER
3. INVESTIGATION REPORT
4. IMPLEMENTATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5. FOLLOW UP
1. NOTIFICATION OF INCIDENT
• Report the incident occurrence to a

designated person within the
organization (Supervisors, Safety
Officers, Safety Department, etc.)
• Provide first aid and medical care to
injured person(s) and prevent
further injuries or damage.
• Gather as much information as

possible about the incident. Take
photos of the actual scene. Preserve
the place of incident.
• Analyze the facts to determine what
the causes were.
• Interview the involved employee if
he/she is able to respond and answer.
Inquire with nearby employees of
scenarios they’ve witnessed.
• 5W-1H questions can be a guide to
gather the initial information of the
incident.
TASK
Here the actual work procedure being used
at the time of the incident is explored.
Members of the investigation team will look
for answers to questions such as:
• Was a safe work procedure used?
• Had conditions changed to make the
normal procedure unsafe?
• Were the appropriate tools and materials
available?
• Were they used?
• Were safety devices working properly?
MATERIAL
To seek out possible causes resulting from the equipment
and materials used, investigators might ask:
• Was there an equipment failure?
• What caused it to fail?
• Was the machinery poorly designed?
• Were hazardous products involved?
• Were they clearly identified?
• Was a less hazardous alternative product possible and
available?
• Was the raw material substandard in some way?
• Should personal protective equipment (PPE) have been
used?
• Was the PPE used?
• Were users of PPE properly educated and trained?
WORK ENVIRONMENT
The physical work environment, and especially
sudden changes to that environment, are factors that
need to be identified. The situation at the time of the
incident is what is important, not what the "usual"
conditions were. For example, investigators may want
to know:
• What were the weather conditions?
• Was poor housekeeping a problem?
• Was it too hot or too cold?
• Was noise a problem?
• Was there adequate light?
• Were toxic or hazardous gases, dusts, or fumes
present?
PERSONNEL
The physical and mental condition of those individuals
directly involved in the event must be explored, as well as
the psychosocial environment they were working within.
The purpose for investigating the incident is not to
establish blame against someone but the inquiry will not
be complete unless personal characteristics or psychosocial
factors are considered.
• Did the worker follow the safe operating procedures?
• Were workers experienced in the work being done?
• Had they been adequately educated and trained?
• Can they physically do the work?
• What was the status of their health?
• Were they tired?
• Were they under stress (work or personal)?
• Was there pressure to complete tasks under a deadline,
or to by-pass safety procedures?
MANAGEMENT
Management holds the legal responsibility for the
safety of the workplace and therefore the role of
supervisors and higher management and the role or
presence of management systems must always be
considered in an incident investigation. These factors
may also be called organizational factors. Ask
questions such as:
• Were safety rules or safe work procedures
communicated to and understood by all
employees?
• Were written procedures and orientation available?
• Were the safe work procedures being enforced?
• Was there adequate supervision?
• Were workers educated and trained to do the
work?
MANAGEMENT
• Had hazards and risks been previously identified
and assessed?
• Had procedures been developed to eliminate the
hazards or control the risks?
• Were unsafe conditions corrected?
• Was regular maintenance of equipment carried
out?
• Were regular safety inspections carried out?
• Had the condition or concern been reported
beforehand?
• Was action taken?
• Investigation report shall be made

within 24 hours to notify the top
management of the incident.
• Proper containment, corrective and
preventive action shall be strategized
as to communicate it with the
concerned group.
• Investigation report shall be made
with the concurrence of the involved
department.
• The name of the involved person
should always remain confidential.
• Coordinate closely with Clinic or

Medical Personnel to determine the
medical disposition of the injured
employee. Occupational Health
Physician has the final say on the
medical disposition of the injured
employee.
4. IMPLEMENTATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
• Unless recommendations are

developed to eliminate or control
each cause, the investigation will
not have served its purpose;
• Must state what specific action
will be taken, by whom and
when; and how the supervisor will
assure that it is carried out
correctly;
• Should be discussed with
employees to ensure they are
familiar with changes that may
take place.
5. FOLLOW UP
• All identified and decided

implementations of Corrective
and Preventive Actions shall be
closely monitor as to analyze its
effectivity.
• Group in-charge shall be the one
held liable if the CAPA were not in
placed if a recurrence of the
accident occurred due to
negligence of implementation of
controls.
SAMPLE
INVESTIGATION

2 Acccident Investigation

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ACCIDENT

 Temporary Total Disability  First Aid

 Temporary Total Disability  First Aid

Employees need to take some rest

 Temporary Total Disability  First Aid

• Report the incident occurrence to a

• Gather as much information as

• Investigation report shall be made

• Coordinate closely with Clinic or

• Unless recommendations are

• All identified and decided

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