MAPEH

MUSIC
 1. Kulintang Ensemble
 Gong-based ensemble used by the Maguindanao and Maranao of western
Mindanao, the Tausug, the Yakan, and the Sama-Bajao of the Sulu
Archipelago.
 They have varied functions but are mostly used for celebration /rituals.
 Kulintangan /Kwintangan – ensembles 0f 6-8 hanging melody gongs in a
row, hung on ropes in pyramidal order, with the smaller and higher-
pitched gongs near the top.

 Tahunggo, Agung, Salmagi, BlowonSemagi - Is a suspended gong

ensemble (9-11 gongs, played a melody and drone player) in various
names according to each tribe; ensemble maybe completed with 1 or 2
drums.
 Kulintang - is an important social property. This instrument of the
ensemble is a highly valued priceless heirloom that can command a high
price as dowries.

 Agung - a large, deep-rimmed gong, vertically suspended, hanged in

wooden frames.
 2. Bamboo Ensemble
 Bamboo instruments were made for the purpose of entertainment and
personal expression of their spiritual faith.
 The different manners in playing bamboo instruments include:
blowing(aerophones), shaking or hitting (idiophones), and plucking
(chordophones).
  Gabbang - a native xylophone in an instrument with a bamboo keyboard
on top, constructed out of wood.
 Seronggagandi - a guitar-like made of bamboo, cut before one nod and
after next. Two cords are slit loose side by side from the outer skin fibers
of the bamboo itself and these are given tension by means of bridges.
 Kudyapi - is a string instrument made of wood which resembles an
elongated guitar usually having 2 string.
 Suling- is made mainly of “tamiang” bamboo, a long, thin walled bamboo
tube with a mouthpiece circled with a thin band made of rattan near a
small hole.

ARTS
1. Bilaan or B’laan
 They are known for embroidery, brass ornament and beadwork that are
integrated in their traditional clothing.
 “bila” that means house and “an” that means people.
 Takmun- Sequin-like capiz shells used to give s distinct design and color to
their clothes.
 Ikat- It is a process of dyeing fabric from B’laan, Bagobos and T’bolis
where the yarns are tightly wrapped with string and dyed before weaving
- The textiles usually contain three colors:
✓ Shades of black or brown
✓ Red or darker shades of orange
✓ Ecru (color of undyed abaca)
2. T’boli or Tagabili “Bago” means new and “obo” means growth.
T’boli or Tagabili to lowlanders are an animist ethnic group inhabiting
highland areas in southwestern Mindanao.
 T’nalak- Is woven from deep brown abaca treated in the ikat process to
obtain intricate design. Only women are allowed to weave this fabric.
✓ Men wear t’nalak short, undershirt and t’nalak coat
✓ Women wear wrap- around t’nalak skirts and blouses. They also wear
rows of bells around their waists and ankles that produce tinkling sounds
when they walk.
 ✓ The common colors are red, brown and black.
3. Maranao
 The word Maranao means “People of the Lake”
 Malong – is a traditional Filipino tube skirt that is made of hand-woven or
machine made multicolored cotton cloth. It can be used in different ways.
 Kapa Malong or Sambisa Malong – is a traditional dance which
demonstrates the various ways of wearing malong and its uses.
4. Yakan
 Badjulapi – is a tight blouse with long sleeves
 Pinalantupan – a type of skirt that is layered over trousers
 Sawal – is the traditional tight-fitting trousers made of Yakan fabric
characterized by its vertical stripes
 Seputangan – square cloth used by Yakans women as a head cover or as
belt.

LESSON 2
1. SARIMANOK
 t is a legendary bird of the Maranao.
 It comes from the words “sari” which means cloth and “manok”
which means chicken.
 A symbol of good fortune.
2. Okir
 It refers to traditional and unique carving.
 Its name originated from old Malayan word which means carve or
“ukit”.


3. WEDDING ATTIRE YAKAN-
For Male
 Pis and Kandit – hand-woven head cloth and 15-meter belt or sash
which serves as protection from spears or knives.
For Female
 Short skirt over trousers
 Both
  Saruk – hat worn to add elegance.
Ornaments
Maniktegiyas – a necklace or bracelet of beads from

dried fruit seeds to protect them from illness.

Maniksembulan – necklace or bracelets made of bamboo stems cut
into short pieces, they serve as additional protection.

Pegupaan – bamboo container for chewing betel nut.

Lutuan – A small bronze box with engravings carried at the waist.

Hilot – is a heavy brass belt worn by women during festivals.

Suwatlmimotis – is a wooden comb with colored glass beads hanging from it,
worn towards the back of the head.

LESSON 3
1. TOROGAN- It is the ancestral house of the upper- class Maranao.
2. WITH FRAMES- The Panolong is a wing-like ornament of a Torogan
flaring out from the beams.
3. BADJAO HOUSE
 The Bajau, also known as Sama-Bajau, are the "Sea Gypsies" or
nomads of the Sulu Sea.
4. GRAND MOSQUE OF COTABATO
  The largest mosque in the Philippines, named after Sultan Haji
Hassanal Bolkiah Masjid or also known as the Grand Mosque,
sitting near the idle banks of Tamontaka River was founded by the
Philippine Government
5. HISTORICAL FORT PILAR-
 The historical Fort Pilar, also called Real Fuerza de Nuestra Senora
del Pilar de Zaragoza was founded in 1635 and still stands strong
until today.
 It was engineered by Fr. Melchor de Vera, a Jesuit priest. It was
built to protect the people from pirates of the Sulu Sea.
6. MONASTERY OF THE TRANSFIGURATION OF BUKIDNON
 The pyramid-like structure was designed by the National Artist for
Architecture, Leandro Locsin.
 It is one of his last designs and considered as one of his best, aside
from the Cultural Center of the Philippines and Davao International
Airport
7. SANTO ROSARIO CHURCH OF CAMIGUIN
 The original church was built in 1882 using coral stones, but the old
infrastructures were too weak.
 It was retrofitted with steel bars using modern building techniques.
SCULPTURES
1. Maitum Jar
An earthenware vessel for secondary burial from Sarangani province.
These artifacts were first discovered in 1991 and are now in the
protection of the National Museum.
CARVING WOOD MARANAO AND METAL CASTING
1. Rarub-A-Klong
It is a metallic armor made of brass plates, carabao horn and interlocking
ringlets.
2. KampilaN
It is a single-edged steel sword with a handle made of hand carved ivory.
3. Batige
It is a large manually carved wooden top inlaid with mother-of-pearl.
 It is used by adult males to test their skills and strength.
4. Kendi
It is an heirloom teapot or kettle used for hot water, coffee, or tea .
5. Gador
It is a large brass jar used as ceremonial containers for rice and tobacco.
Functional Arts
1. Balanghay
The balanghay, also known as balangay or Butuan Boat, is a large wooden
boat used by the pre- colonial Filipinos to traverse the seas for trade or
migration.
2. Vinta
Is traditionally made by the Badjaos who live in the Sulu archipelago.
The sail represents the colorful culture and history of the Muslim people.
These boats are small and not meant to be used for long ocean travel.
They are used for livelihood activities.

P.E
Folk Dance
It refers to the dances created and performed collectively by the
ordinary people.
It is defined as a traditional dance of a given group of people.
It may also be divided into regional and national.
Regional – refers to dance particular to one locale or area.
National – refers to these performed all over the country.
1. Rural Dance
It is best known and close to the Filipino heart, these dances are from the
rural Christian lowlands, it also illustrates the fiesta spirit and
demonstrate a love of life.
Ex. Bakya-Salakot, Sayaw sa Bangko, Bulaklakan
2. It is an heirloom teapot or kettle used for hot water, coffee, or tea .
 The coming of the Spaniards in the 16th century brought a new influence
in Philippine life.
They are named in honor of the legendary Maria Clara.
Ex. Pandango, Lanceros, Rigodon, Cariñosa, Curacha
Mindanao and Sulu were never conquered by Spain.
The dances in Muslim however predated the Muslim influence.
Singkil was introduced after the 14th century; it was based on the epic
legend of Darangan of the Maranao.
Ex. Singkil, Pangalay, Sagayan, Maglangka, Kappa Malong

3. Cordillera Dances
These are the dances of mountain tribe in Northern Luzon, such as those
of the Kalinga and Ifugao people.
“Cordillera” a name given by the Spanish Conquistadors when they first
saw the mountain rangers.
Ex. Banga, Bendayan, Manmanok, Turayen, Uyaoy/ Uyauy
4. Ethnic/Tribal Dances
The cultural minorities that live in the hills and mountains throughout the
Philippine Archipelago considered dances as a basic part of their lives.
Rinampo and Talbeng are examples of these dances.
Ex. Binanog, Inagong, Tinambol, Binaylan, Pinagkabula, Talupak.
FUNDAMENTAL DANCE POSITION FEET.
FUNDAMENTAL DANCE POSITION ARMS
HEALTH
Stress- It is defined as the physiological or physical and emotional responses to
a significant or unexpected change or disruption in one’s life.
Stressor 
 It refers to the things that make a person stressed.
Eustress - refers to a positive and healthy response of the body from a stressor.
It produces good effects to one’s well-being.
Distress - refers to a negative reaction of the body towards a given stressor.
Alarm Stage
This is the state when a person experiences the “flight or fight” feeling. A
person’s body at this stage releases “stress hormones” such as adrenaline. It
enables a person to do things he\she does not usually do.
Resistance Stage
This is the stage when the body has already responded to the stressor. A person
in this stage continuously experiences the “stress”. But the strong feeling is less
than the previous stage.
Exhaustion Stage
This is the stage when a person slowly loses the energy to manage the stress.
This is also referred to as “gate toward burnout or stress overload” (Sincero,
2012).

COPING WITH STRESS, DYING AND DEATH

Death - refers to the end of the physical being of a person that is caused by an
illness, ageing, or an accident.
Loss - occurs when someone dies or a life situation changes or ends.
Grief - refers to “the emotional suffering caused by a loss, disaster, or
misfortune” (Meeks, et al,, 2007).
Grieving - it allows us to ‘free-up’ energy that is bound to lost person, object, or
experience – so that we might re-invest that energy elsewhere.

MENTAL ILLNESS- Are disorders that disrupt thinking , feelings, moods and
behaviors and impair daily functioning
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER- When depression is on daily basis, characterized
by “persistent sadness, despair, and hopelessness. The symptoms are lack or
loss of motivation, over thinking, slow to react, difficulty in concentrating and
remembering, loss of appetite, excessive gain or loss of weight and withdrawal
from others/feeling alone.
BIPOLAR DISORDER- Also called manic-depressive disorder, a form of
depression characterized by alternating mania and depression
SCHIZOPHRENIA- Is a “mental illness with biological origins that is characterized
by irrational behavior, severe alterations of the senses and often inability to
function in the society”.
POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER- A person may have this disorder when he
or she experienced a traumatic situation such as being abused, raped, or
involved in an accident.