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OMN-TRA-SSR-OETC-Course Workbook 2days
OMN-TRA-SSR-OETC-Course Workbook 2days
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SYSTEM SAFETY RULES
3 of 55
CONTENTS
Course Objectives ........................................................................................................................ 4
INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM SAFETY RULES ................................................................................... 5
ELECTRICAL HAZARDS & MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDS .................................................................. 6
RISK ASSESSMENTS ...................................................................................................................... 8
Risk Assessment – What Is It? ........................................................................................... 8
Risk Controls .............................................................................................................. 9
ELECTRICAL AUTHORIZATION ....................................................................................................... 9
Competent Person (CP) ................................................................................................. 9
Authorized Person (AP) ................................................................................................. 9
Control Person (CN) ..................................................................................................... 9
GENERAL PROVISIONS ................................................................................................................ 10
LOCK OUT TAG OUT ................................................................................................................... 12
Safety Padlocks: ......................................................................................................... 12
Key Safe: ................................................................................................................. 12
Danger Notice: .......................................................................................................... 13
Caution Notice: .......................................................................................................... 14
SAFETY DOCUMENTS.................................................................................................................. 15
Permit To Work (PTW): ................................................................................................ 17
Sanction For Test (SFT): ............................................................................................... 18
Limitation Of Access (LOA): ........................................................................................... 19
Record Of Inter-System Safety Precautions (RISSP): .............................................................. 20
Safety Clearance Certificate: ......................................................................................... 24
Safety De-Clearance Certificate: .................................................................................... 25
ELECTRICAL WORK ..................................................................................................................... 26
SWITCHES AND CONTROL SYSTEMS ............................................................................................ 28
PRECAUTIONS ............................................................................................................................ 32
TRANSMISSION TOWERS ............................................................................................................ 36
Live Line Washing .......................................................................................................... 38
WORK ON HIGH VOLTAGE APPARATUS ...................................................................................... 43
EARTHING .................................................................................................................................. 44
WORK ON SPECIFIC APPARATUS ................................................................................................. 47
THE LAST LINE OF DEFENCE (PPE) ............................................................................................... 52
APPENDIX .................................................................................................................................. 54
Definitions & Abbreviations .............................................................................................. 54
Course Objectives
On completion of this course you will be able to:
• Develop appreciation of hazards associated with electricity, especially at higher voltages.
• Advise safe working practices when working with electrical systems and apparatuses associated with
System Safety Rules (SSR).
• Understand why there are SSRs.
• Understand how to follow these SSRs effectively under different working situations.
Objective: To provide you with the knowledge and understand of specific electrical risks and hazards.
Current Voltage
Electrical personnel are responsible for their own safety as well as the safety of others, including
customers. STOP un-safe actions
Direct effect:
• Death due to ventricular fibrillation.
Stop breathing (Asphyxiation).
SHOCK •
• Burn the body.
Indirect effect:
• Fall from height
• Fire
HEAT • Property damage
• Burns
• Indirect Injury
EXPLOSION • Fatality of surrounding personnel
• Extensive property damage
Definitions
• Hazard: Anything that has a potential to harm a person or an equipment.
• Risk: A situation involving exposure to the chance of injury or loss.
• Danger: Risk of injury or death due to shock, burn, asphyxiation or other cause
• Dead: At ~/= Zero voltage, isolated from live system
• Live: Electrically Charged
• Earthed: Connected to the general mass of the earth – (All Phases)
Apparatus:
Equipment, Conductors
• HV - > 1000V
• LV - ≤ 1000V
RISK ASSESSMENTS
• Competent people with the knowledge and experience of the hazards being assessed
• Results must be backed by management for any actions required
• Team approach often produces best results – a mixture of workers (who interface with the hazards)
and supervisors of those workers
• Special hazards may require expert advisors.
Risk Controls
If the risk rating of the hazard is found to be LOW (Green Area), Implement core site SH&E (Safety, Health
& Environmental) management expectations and manage for continuous improvement.
If the risk rating of the hazard is found to be MODERATE (Blue Area), Implement risk reducing measures to
lower the risk into the green area.
If the risk rating of the hazard is found to be HIGH (Yellow Area), implement extensive risk reducing
measures to reduce the hazard risk to moderate or low.
If the risk rating of the hazard is found to be Extreme (Red Area), Stop activities and implement extensive
risk reducing measures to reduce risk to moderate or low.
ELECTRICAL AUTHORIZATION
AUTHORIZATION LEVEL DUTY
CP
Receive: PTW, LOA, SFT
(Competent Person)
GENERAL PROVISIONS
• DUTIES: All concerned staff shall know the statutory requirements and safety rules. They shall be
aware of the treatment of electric shock.
• STATUTORY REGULATIONS: All laws of the Sultanate of Oman shall be complied with, including the
provisions of the sector law.
• SAFETY RULES: All safety rules shall be complied with as per company regulation, in addition to
statutory regulations.
• STANDARD FORMS: All standard forms must be adhered to and completed in association with
general operations.
• ISSUE OF SAFETY RULES: All concerned staff will be given a copy of the safety rules to be reviewed
and signed.
The electrical and mechanical systems contain some characteristic dangers, but are carefully designed so
that when operated normally they are safe and all hazards are under control.
These System Safety Rules are based on a philosophy that persons must be protected from the inherent
system dangers, which is achieved by making those person “Safe from the System”
The System Safety Rules define procedures and responsibilities for achieving personal safety from the
inherent system dangers and to ensure safe and efficient operation of electrical Equipment. They may be
briefly summarised as follows:
1. Proper equipment identification and releasing the equipment concerned from Operational Service
for the planned work.
4. Receiving the formal authority to start work, undertaking the work, supervising safety throughout
the work and clearing the authority when the work is either completed or terminated.
All dangerous occurrences and electrical accidents on the systems shall be immediately reported to the
Control Person who will immediately inform the HSE Department.
Failure of Supply
A failure of supply from whatever cause, to or from any part of the high voltage systems, shall be
immediately reported to the Control Engineer.
During failures of supply, all apparatus, equipment and conductors shall be regarded as being LIVE until
isolated and PROVEN DEAD.
Admittance to Stations
No persons shall enter any Gridstation, switching station or any other operational area without a pass or
written authorization.
Variation of Rules
In exceptional circumstances, these Safety Rules may be varied to such extent as may be authorized in
writing by Management or on his behalf by a person authorized by him in writing to do so.
Calibration of Equipment
Test Equipment: In common with most engineering equipment, wear and deterioration takes place in
testing equipment. In order to ensure that this does not affect the accuracy of measurement, it is necessary
from time to time to do calibration on them.
Before using any item of testing equipment, you must ensure that it has a valid calibration label.
Under no circumstances must the test equipment be used after this date.
Maintenance of Equipment
Thorough Inspection:
• Ensure the Lifting Beam, Frame or Spreader Bar has the Identification Number and Safe Working
Load clearly and legibly marked.
• Inspect the Lifting Beam, Frame or Spreader Bar for wear, deformation, distortion, and corrosion.
• All pad eyes shall be subjected to non-destructive inspection at a period not exceeding 1 year.
Best practice requires the certification to be carried out on a bi-annual (6 months) basis & for mobile
crane (annual basis).
Key Safe:
For secure retention of keys used to ‘lock out’ isolation devices
before issuing PTW, or SFT
Warning Signs:
(These give safety information) These are triangular yellow signs with black border and symbol as shown.
Danger Notice:
Approved to be Attached on LIVE APPARATUS calling attention to the DANGER of approaching or interfering
with such apparatus, e.g. A Live Transformer.
Mandatory Signs:
(These are must do signs) These are circular blue signs with a white symbol as shown below. They give
instruction which must be obeyed.
Prohibition Signs:
(These are “must not do” signs) These are circular white signs with a red
border and Red Cross bar as shown in figure below. They indicate an
activity which must not be carried out.
Caution Notice:
Approved and Applied at all points of ISOLATION from which APPARATUS
can be made LIVE before issue of Electrical Safety Documents where it
shows warning against any interference.
Electrical Notices:
SAFETY DOCUMENTS
PTW (Permit To Work)
TO WORK ON H.V & Certain L.V DEAD, ISOLATED, TESTED, DISCHARGED & EARTHED EQUIPMENT
All Electrical Safety Document forms are printed in book form and are pre-numbered.
• Not Transferable.
As you are the person who receive the permits, if you lost Safety Document during the progress of work:
Competent Person:
4. A special written clearance statement must be signed by him, formaly declaring when, where and
how the document has been lost.
As you are the person who issues the permits, if ESD lost during the progress of work:
AP ACTION:
2. AP will issue Safety Document to Competent Person, the copy which remaining on book will be as a
reference to get details of work.
3. HSE Department will do investigation to know when, where and how the document has been lost.
The PTW outlines to the Competent Person exactly what apparatus is made dead by isolating, discharging
and connecting to Primary Earth
For testing of High Voltage Apparatus Primary Earth (May be removed and replaced by the recipient during
testing)
PURPOSE:
To establish procedure to identify the applicable controls governing Connected Party works inside OETC grid
stations to ensure safety of personnel and equipment, and to ensure that OETC are aware of all works being
carried out within OETC grid station boundaries.
SCOPE:
Under the terms of the relevant Connection Agreements OETC System Safety Rules apply inside OETC grid
stations. This procedure defines the procedures controlling access to OETC grid stations; and safety
requirements for Connected Party works inside OETC grid stations which require switching or shutdown of
plant in order to achieve safe working conditions.
In addition to achieving safety one of the primary objectives of this procedure is to ensure that OETC LDC
and Transmission Departments are aware of all works being carried out inside OETC grid stations.
The Access Control Procedures apply to all cases where Connected Party personnel, including contractors,
require access to OETC grid stations.
The Work Control Procedures apply to all cases where Connected Party staff, including contractors, will
be carrying out works, which require switching or shutdown of equipment.
Responsibility:
All security guards at OETC grid stations will be required to enforce the access control procedures without
exception.
All personnel requiring access to OETC grid stations must be authorised as Competent Persons (as a
minimum) under the OETC SSR or accompanied by such an authorised person.
In the case of Distribution Company personnel, authorisation under the DSR as a "Competent Person" will be
sufficient to allow access permission for OETC grid stations to be given.
Where personnel, whether OETC or Connected Party, are not in possession of the appropriate access card
they must obtain specific written permission from the OETC Transmission Department before entering a grid
station on a visit by visit basis.
Process flow: The process flow diagram for Connected Party works inside OETC grid stations, which require
switching, or shutdown to enable safe working is included in this procedure as Appendix 1.
Categories of work:
Routine works: are those works, which are carried out on a planned basis. Such works require a seven (7)
day notice period.
Urgent works: are those, which arise from an unplanned event, or are works, which require to be carried
out on an urgent basis. Such works require a forty-eight (48) hour notice period.
Emergency works: are those which require to be carried out on an immediate basis. In such cases the
works will be co-ordinated directly between the DCC/CPCC and the LDC.
Safe working: All works, including "Emergency Works", must be carried out safely and strictly in
accordance with the SSR.
Coordination of works:
Safety issues including the issue of RISSP and site audits will be coordinated between the
Distribution Company and/or other connected party, and OETC Safety Coordinators. Field level coordination
will be between the field staff of the Connected Party, and OETC.
Notices
Caution Notice: (CN) Approved and Applied at all points of ISOLATION from which APPARATUS can be made
LIVE before issue of Electrical Safety Documents where it shows warning against any interference.
Primary plant Equipment shall be added/connected electrically or mechanically to a System for the first
time only following the issue of a Safety Clearance Certificate.
It is also required to issue the clearance certificate for inspection of new Over Head Lines, which require
climbing of towers by the Company staff before, even if the connection to the gantry is not made.
Primary plant Equipment shall be permanently removed from a System only in accordance with issue of a
Safety De-Clearance Certificate after disconnecting and complete isolation from the System.
ELECTRICAL WORK
Any activity on or near electrical apparatus which involves the application of insulated tools.
Insulated Tools:
Any tool that is going to be used within the limited approach boundary that is either intended to or may
accidentally come into contact with energized parts must have voltage-rated insulation on the tool.
DISCONNECTORS
Make or break load magnetizing current
(with interrupter head)
Switches:
CBs can be operated in several different ways (remote operation is recommended):
LDC (Supervisory).
SF6 SWITCHGEAR
PRECAUTIONS
Switchboards
Inadvertent opening of the back of the panel of the live side will lead to serious danger.
Access to the live side of the switchboard is to be barricaded.
If barricading is not possible, suitable danger notices are to be put up to call for attention to the live
circuits.
Back-Feed:
Due to the danger of backfeeds (from Power Transformers, LV Incomers, Busbars, Bus Section Units) all
work on these apparatuses require strict precautions and the issue of a LOA or PTW to the person in charge
of the work.
If complete isolation of the unit to be worked on requires the isolation of the HV/LV windings of a Power
Transformer, AP shall:
Battery Room:
Safety is the most important aspect of any task in the battery room.
They must be examined regularly to make sure that they are in a good condition.
• Rubber Gloves.
• Protection Glasses.
• Apron.
• Respirator.
• Rubber Boots.
Examination of a Battery:
Before accepting or using a battery, it should be examined for signs of damage or corrosion. You must know
what to look for when you examine a battery, typically you must check for:
• Signs of damage to the case.
• Pin holes.
• Electrolyte leakage.
• Correctly fitted vents and stoppers.
• Security of connections, handles and tie down bars.
• Corrosion of terminals and other metal areas.
This must be treated immediately by flushing with clean, preferably warm water.
Warm water mixed with electrolyte more easily and so dilutes it more quickly than
cold.
This MUST be dealt with IMMEDITELY by holding the eye open and continuously
flushing with clean water for at least 15 minutes.
The MEDICAL officer is to be informed immediately of all eye contaminations and
eye irrigation is to continue until medial help arrives.
Battery room should provide a safe working area. The building and Fittings Must
be:
• Well lit.
• Use flameproof electrical fittings. NO SMOKING AND NO NAKED LIGHTS ARE ALLOWED.
• Have a floor of material resistant to acid or alkali with adequate drainage and easy to wash. The
floor should also have minimum obstructions no steps or sills and a non-slip surface.
Battery Room
TRANSMISSION TOWERS
Specific Hazards:
• Exposed Live Conductors.
• Working at Heights.
• Dropping Objects.
• Heat Stroke.
• Electrical Shock.
• Wind or storm.
• Lightning.
• Identical Lines.
Overhead Lines
Safety Clearance:
The distance from the nearest exposed High Voltage conductor not Earthed, or from an insulator supporting
an exposed High Voltage conductor, which must be maintained at all times to avoid Danger to persons.
Up to 33 200
132 300
220 400
400 550
• Used for positive identification of each circuit and the position of its conductors.
• Noticeable by persons from ground level and by persons working up the tower or structure.
• When work is to be carried out within a one meter distance outside the safety distances specified in
the rules, the AP shall issue a LIMITATION OF ACCESS to the Competent Person (CP).
Unsafe climbing practices that are prohibited while working on towers are:
• Climbing when taking medication that may negatively impair good judgment or performance.
• The system consists of Anchoring Point, Connectors, Safety Line, Safety Harness.
• Must be designed so that a person does not fall from a distance of more than 2m, also he do not
clashes with any equipment or facilities Below.
• Fully stop the person movement distance of no more than 1m distance. The freefall 1 + 3 m
• All cleats and hooks and anchor points must bear the strength of not less than 2267.96 kg.
Emergency
Single or Double Circuit High Voltage Overhead Lines (with all conductors dead)
An AP shall:
• Check with an approved voltage testing device if practicable and if the Primary Earth is not visible.
• Issue the Competent Person (CP) with portable earthing leads to be used as Local Portable Earths.
Precautions:
• Apply local portable earths at or as near as possible to the point of work. Portable earthing is used
to bond together all conductors and connect to earth.
• Remove and reapply the local portable earths at different points of work on the line between the
Primary Earth positions.
• Local portable earths are not required of Primary Earths have been applied in the immediate
vicinity.
• If the working party leaves the line at any time, check upon their return that they have returned to
the same line and that all earths adjacent to the point of work are still in position before allowing
work to recommence.
• Check that all working parties are off the line, remove all local portable earths and sign off the
‘Clearance Section’ of the PTW.
Precautions:
An Authorised Person shall:
• Identify the circuit. Instruct working party on obtaining safe access.
• Instruct the CP holding the PTW to climb first, attach APPROVED red flags to the cross arms of the
tower or structure, drawing attention to the danger.
• Ensure all members of the working party understand to keep all body parts and working tools within
red flag range.
• Remain adjacent to the tower or structure. Watch and warn if they approach the LIVE circuit.
• Ensure that approved Red Flags, Green Flags, and Danger Notices are kept in position until the work
is finished an all are offline.
• For any work on the overhead common earth conductor of a double circuit overhead line, the AP
shall ensure that both circuits are made DEAD.
Precautions:
Precautions:–
Painting and other work above the anti-climbing devices on the lower portions of towers carrying LIVE
conductors shall only be permitted under the following conditions:
• The work shall be carried out under the terms of a Limitation of Access (LOA)
• Before anyone is allowed to start work, the person in charge at each tower shall define the area to
be worked in by removable barriers, roping, red flags or pennants arranged to prevent any person
working on the tower nearer than the following distances from any LIVE conductors.
For all High Voltage work or testing (except live line work or washing), the AEP shall conduct the following
precautionary measures:
• Switch off –
• Issue PTW– to CP
• Cancel PTW.
• Barriers in substations (including plates on access ladders) cutting off access to enclosures within a
station, chambers, cubicles or cells containing LIVE APPARATUS shall normally be kept locked.
• The keys controlling the locks shall be kept under the control of an AUTHORIZED PERSON.
• No person, except AUTHORIZED PERSONS or person acting under his immediate supervision shall
have access to any such enclosure, chamber, cubicle or cell in which a LIVE conductor is exposed.
EARTHING
Earthed: Connected to the general mass of earth in
such a manner as will ensure at all times an immediate
discharge of electrical energy without danger.
GIS Substations
Application:
A special earthing device is provided for particular indoor switchgears. It can be racked into a feeder or bus
section cubical for earthing.
Application:
• Attach lock.
• Applied before issuing Electrical Safety • Applied after issuing the Electrical Safety
Document. Document
• Earth conductor must be adequately rated • Cables must have the capacity to carry the
2
for a particular voltage, minimum (95mm ) fault current at point of work, minimum
(25mm2)
• Verify that the circuit is not Live and where possible, test with a voltage indicator of an approved
type.
o TEST – PROVE – TEST: (The indicator used for testing must also be tested immediately
before and after verification.)
• Connect the common earth point to the ground first. Use insulated rods and secure the first earth
cable to one phase
(It must be the same point where you tested for voltage)
Tighten the earth clamp at the conductor and repeat for 2 nd and 3rd phases.
HV Underground Cables
Ensure that no person touches or cuts into the insulation which covers the conductor, unless the conductor
is DEAD, ISOLATED, and EARTHED.
Before issuing the PTW to the Competent Person, identify the cable to be worked on at the point of work,
and prove it DEAD by approved equipment or other approved means.
SFT shall be issued before the use of Electrical Testing Equipment to identify the cable.
• Cable Records: Helpful, but not a sufficient positive method on their own.
• If the excavations are in the vicinity of underground electrical cables, then an Authorised Person
shall specify on the excavation permit any additional precautions that shall be taken to safeguard
the cables.
• Isolate auxiliary or voltage transformers from the HV conductors. If that is not possible, the LV
fuses or links are withdrawn and kept in a safe place.
• Isolate LV windings either by the opening of a switch or withdrawal of fuses or links, so that any
possible backfeed is prevented during the progress of the work. Attach Caution Notices at the
points of Isolation.
• Before issuing the PTW to the Competent Person, identify the point of work of the transformer.
Working on HV Busbars:
When working on HV Busbars, prior issuing PTW to
Competent Person, the Authorise Person shall:
• Install Danger Notices on adjacent apparatus containing LIVE conductors at the limits of the isolated
busbar.
• Test busbars and every spout where work is to be carried out with an approved voltage testing
device. Check the voltage testing device before and after use.
• Earth the busbar at the point of testing. Where applicable, lock the Primary Earth in position.
Working in Switchyards:
Safety Clearance to Live Conductors
Fuses:
Before removing any Fuse from a circuit, be sure the switch for the circuit is open or disconnected. When
removing the fuse with a puller, first break contact on the hot side of the circuit. When replacing fuses,
install the first into the load side of the fuse clip, then into the line side.
Additional Precautions
• If no PTW or SFT is issued for adjacent apparatus in the substation, then he shall issue a LOA to the
CP in charge of the work, specifying how the Safety Distances from Live Conductors shall be
maintained during the course of the work.
Exposed HV Conductors:
Approved barriers or ropes are to be used to define the safe area of work.
• Barriers or ropes are to be clearly visible and are not tied or supported by any structure carrying
live apparatus.
• Attach green flags inside the barriers or ropes, with Danger Notices to adjoining Live Apparatus.
Ladders shall be of an approved type and be kept secure with a Standard Electrical padlock when not in
use. During work, these shall be locked in position, also with a Standard Electrical Padlock or by any other
approved lock, preventing unauthorized removal.
Position of ladders, scaffolding and cranes shall be pre-determined. Scaffolding and cranes are to be
connected to the substation earth system as soon as they are in position.
• It is non-toxic.
• It is not flammable.
This does not mean that no precautions need to be taken: because of its lack of oxygen, this gas will not
support life.
There are various ways of protecting people from the hazards caused by electricity. These include:
• Insulation
• Guarding
• Grounding
Safety Helmet:
OSHA Standard requires the use of head protection, such as hard hats, at any job location where there is a
"possible danger of head injury from impact, or from falling or flying objects, or from electrical shock and
burns".
Electrical class E hard hats are primarily designed for decreasing the
threat of accidents from exposure to high voltage conductors and
electricity sources. These hard hats are tested at 20,000 volts for ANSI
Z89.1 specifications.
Safety Harness:
Series Lightweight wrapped full Body Harness used for working at
height.
LV Gloves
Class 00 Gloves
500vac max use voltage
Meets or exceeds ASTM D120 and IEC 903 standards
HV Gloves
APPENDIX
References
1. System Safety Rules
2. ISO 14001:2004, Environmental Management System Requirements
3. OHSAS 18001:20007, Occupational Health and HSE Management System
4. OETC-HSE-O-MNL-M-001, HSE Manual
5. OETC-HSE-O-SSR-M-001, System Safety Rules
MANY THANKS
&
REMEMBER!!
THINK_____BEFORE_____YOU
TOUCH