Script

Good morning, everyone!
Today, I will discuss the kidney, along with its intricate unit,
the nephron, and the essential component within it, the renal corpuscles and blood filtration. Let's
start by understanding the kidney itself.
(Read the definition of the kidney)
So ung Kidney is naglilinis ng blood natin and as a result, ung mga dumi nafiltered and
the excess fluid is un ung urine lumalabas satin, nagreregulate ng fluid and electrolyte balance,
kidneys also remove acid that is produced by the cells of our body and maintain a healthy
balance of water, salts, and minerals—such as sodium, calcium, phosphorus, and potassium—in
our blood. Without this balance, nerves, muscles, and other tissues in our body may not work
normally.
The kidney is a complex organ responsible for several essential functions in the body. It
consists of various distinct parts, each with its own specific role.
The fibrous capsule is a protective covering that surrounds each kidney and maintains
the shape of kidney. It is a dense, fibrous connective tissue layer that adheres tightly to the outer
surface of the kidney and helps maintain the shape of the kidney. (Pinoprotektahan nya ung outer
surface ng kidney and nagmmaintain ng shape ng kidney).
Renal cortex, the outer region of the kidney. The renal cortex contains numerous
nephrons, the functional units of the kidneys. Each nephron consists of a glomerulus and a renal
tubule. The glomerulus, located in the renal cortex, is responsible for the initial filtration of
blood. It filters waste products, excess fluids, and small molecules from the blood, allowing them
to enter the renal tubules.
Renal medulla, it is located deeper within the kidney, beneath the renal cortex. It
consists of renal pyramids, which are cone-shaped structures that contain tubules responsible
for the reabsorption and concentration of urine. The renal medulla helps regulate the osmotic
balance and the concentration of urine.
The corticomedullary junction is involved in the exchange of substances between the
renal cortex and medulla. It serves as a transition zone for the flow of fluid and the transfer of
solutes and waste products from the renal tubules in the cortex to the collecting ducts in the
medulla.
The renal papilla refers to the apex or tip of a renal pyramid in the kidney. The renal
papilla is essential for the excretion and elimination of urine from the kidneys. The renal papilla
is covered by small openings known as renal papillary foramina. These foramina allow urine to
pass from the papillary ducts into the minor calyces, which are cup-like structures that collect
urine before it flows into the major calyces, renal pelvis, and eventually the ureter.
Renal pelvis serves as a reservoir that collects urine produced by the kidneys before it
flows into the ureter for elimination from the body. The renal pelvis is formed by the
convergence of several major calyces, which in turn are formed by the merging of multiple
minor calyces. These minor and major calyces collect urine from the renal papillae. As urine
collects in the minor calyces, it drains into the major calyces, and eventually into the renal pelvis.
Renal Artery (Red) and Vein (Blue). The renal artery supplies oxygenated blood to the
kidney, while the renal vein carries deoxygenated blood away from the kidney. These blood
vessels ensure proper circulation within the kidney, allowing for filtration and exchange of
substances. Blood is filtered in the glomerulus, and the resulting filtrate is further processed in
the renal tubules. The filtered blood is then collected by the renal veins, which carry
deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
The ureter is a tube-like structure that serves as a conduit for urine, transporting it from
the kidneys to the urinary bladder. Each kidney has its own ureter.
Explanation sa Nephron
Each of our kidneys is made up of about a million filtering units called nephrons. Each
nephron includes a filter, called the glomerulus, and a tubule. The nephrons work through a two-
step process: the glomerulus filters our blood, and the tubule returns needed substances to our
blood and removes wastes. Wastes and extra water become urine.
A renal corpuscle is primarily composed of two main structures: the glomerulus and the
glomerular (Bowman's) capsule. The renal corpuscles play a crucial role in the initial stage of
urine formation, known as glomerular filtration. Blood entering the glomerulus is subjected to
high pressure, and as a result, small molecules such as water, ions, glucose, and waste products
are filtered out of the blood through the fenestrated capillaries and into the glomerular capsule.
This filtrate is then further processed in the renal tubules to produce urine.

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Good morning, everyone!

start by understanding the kidney itself.

(Read the definition of the kidney)

balance of water, salts, and minerals—such as sodium, calcium, phosphorus, and potassium—in

surface ng kidney and nagmmaintain ng shape ng kidney).

to enter the renal tubules.

balance and the concentration of urine.

The corticomedullary junction is involved in the exchange of substances between the

deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

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