Amit Bikram Mishra - BSCH201

IDEAL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
NAME: - AMIT BIKRAM MISHRA

YEAR: - 1st SEMESTER: - 2nd
SUBJECT: - CHEMISTRY (BSCH-201)
STREAM: - COMPUTER SCIENCE
AND ENGINEERING
TOPIC: - ATOMIC AND IONIC RADII

ROLL NO.: - 27900122002
REG. NO.: - 222790110002
CONTENTS
SL. TITLE PAGE NO.
NO.
1 Introduction 1
2 Atomic radii 2-3
3 Ionic radii 4-5
4 Difference between atomic and ionic radii 6
5 Conclusion 7
6 References 8
INTRODUCTION
Atomic Radii: - Atomic radii are useful for determining
many aspects of chemistry such as various physical and
chemical properties. The periodic table greatly assists in
determining atomic radius and presents a number of trends.
Atomic radius is generally stated as being the total distance
from an atom’s nucleus to the outermost orbital of electron. In
simpler terms, it can be defined as something similar to the
radius of a circle, where the center of the circle is the nucleus
and the outer edge of the circle is the outermost orbital of
electron.
Ionic Radii: - Ionic radius is the distance from the nucleus of

an ion up to which it has an influence on its electron cloud. Ions
are formed when an atom loses or gains electrons. When an
atom loses an electron it forms a cation and when it gains an
electron it becomes an anion. The Ionic radius can be described
as the distance between the nucleus of an ion and the
outermost shell of the ion. The atomic size of a cation will be
smaller than that of the parent atom. An anion is relatively
larger in size than its parent atom. This is because when an
atom gains electrons the total number of electrons increases
which tends to create more repulsion between electrons and
thus overshadows the net effective nuclear charge.
ATOMIC RADII
An atom is made up of three subatomic particles: protons,
neutrons, and electrons. The protons and neutrons make up
the centre of the atom called the nucleus, and the electrons
orbit around the nucleus in a small cloud. The total distance
from the nucleus of an atom to the outermost orbital of its
electron is known as its atomic radii or atomic radius. Atomic
radius or Atomic Radii is the total distance from the nucleus of
an atom to the outermost orbital of its electron. Atomic radius
is similar to the radius of a circle. The nucleus is analogous to
the centre of the circle and the outermost orbital of the
electron to the outer edge of the circle. It is difficult to
determine the atomic radii because of the uncertainty in the
position of the outermost electron. We use Heisenberg’s
Uncertainty Principle to obtain a precise measurement of the
radius. As per the principle, we determine the radius based on
the distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms. An atom
will have different radii depending on the bond it forms, so
there is no fixed radius of an atom. The radii of atoms are
therefore determined by the bonds they form.
Based on the type of bond, atomic radius is divided into three
types as follows:
 Covalent Radius
 Ionic Radius
 Metallic Radius
Periodic trends of atomic radii : - An atom gets larger
as the number of electronic shells increases. Therefore, the
radius of the atom increases as one goes down a specific group
in the periodic table of elements. The size of an atom generally
decreases as one moves from left to right for a certain period.
In general, the atomic radius decreases across a period and
increases down a group. Francium has the largest atomic
radius, while Helium has the lowest.
IONIC RADII
Ionic radius is the distance from the nucleus of an ion up to
which it has an influence on its electron cloud. Ions are formed
when an atom loses or gains electrons. When an atom loses an
electron it forms a cation and when it gains an electron it
becomes an anion. The Ionic radius can be described as the
distance between the nucleus of an ion and the outermost shell
of the ion. The atomic size of a cation will be smaller than that
of the parent atom. An anion is relatively larger in size than its
parent atom. This is because when an atom gains electrons the
total number of electrons increases which tends to create more
repulsion between electrons and thus overshadows the net
effective nuclear charge.
Periodic trends of ionic radii : -
(i) In a periodic table while moving down in a group,
atoms add an extra shell (number of electrons) due to
which the ionic radius of elements increases down a
group.
(ii) Let us understand the trends in the ionic radius of
elements across a period with an example. In period 3
we find that the atomic radius first decreases and
then suddenly increases and then again it slowly
decreases. This is because the starting elements in a
period tend to form cations, and the elements
towards the end of a period tend to form anions.
Period 3 Na2+ Mg2+ Al3+ P3- S2- Cl–
Number of
11 12 13 15 16 17
protons
Electronic
2,8 2,8 2,8 2,8,8 2,8,8 2,8,8
configuration
Ionic radius 0.102 0.072 0.054 0.212 0.184 0.181

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ATOMIC AND
IONIC RADII
Sl
No. Atomic Radius Ionic Radius
Ionic radius is when the atom either
The atomic radius is the standard
1 gains or loses an electron and turns into
radius of that particular element.
an anion or a cation respectively.
The number of electrons in the When any atom gains an electron, it is
outermost orbit does not change and called an anion. The number of electrons
2
neither does the orbit which is increases but the number of protons in
declared as the outermost one varies. the nucleus remains the same.
The number of electrons will always The nuclear force attracting the electrons
3 be equal to the number of protons in becomes lesser and the atomic size
the nucleus. increases.
The atomic radius decreases along a
The number of electrons decreases but
period as we go from left to right in the
4 the number or protons in the nucleus
periodic table and increases as we go
remains the same.
down the group.
CONCLUSION
The size of atoms is important when trying to explain the
behavior of atoms or compounds. One of the ways we can
express the size of atoms is with the atomic radius. This data
helps us understand why some molecules fit together and why
other molecules have parts that get too crowded under certain
conditions.
Ions are developed as a result of electron gain or loss. Ion
formation is critical in any chemical reaction that results in the
formation of a new substance. We can study various chemical
bonds formed during a reaction by knowing the ionic radii.
REFERENCE
 https://infinitylearn.com/surge/
 https://www.ck12.org/student/
 DINESH COMPANION CHEMISTRY CLASS 11 VOL
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IDEAL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

NAME: - AMIT BIKRAM MISHRA

TOPIC: - ATOMIC AND IONIC RADII

3 Ionic radii 4-5

4 Difference between atomic and ionic radii 6

Ionic Radii: - Ionic radius is the distance from the nucleus of

Ionic radius 0.102 0.072 0.054 0.212 0.184 0.181

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