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  • F. Rocket Engine Design Lect 2

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    This document discusses fundamentals of rocket engine design. It covers how rocket engines operate based on Newton's third law of motion. Rocket engines use propulsion systems with propellants to generate forward thrust. There are different types of rocket engines including solid propellant engines with integrated fuel and oxidizer, liquid bipropellant engines with separate fuel and oxidizer mixed during combustion, and hybrid engines combining aspects of liquid and solid propellant engines. The document also introduces concepts in thermodynamics including systems, conservation of energy, and specific heat.

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    F. Rocket Engine Design lect 2

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    This document discusses fundamentals of rocket engine design. It covers how rocket engines operate based on Newton's third law of motion. Rocket engines use propulsion systems with propellants to generate forward thrust. There are different types of rocket engines including solid propellant engines with integrated fuel and oxidizer, liquid bipropellant engines with separate fuel and oxidizer mixed during combustion, and hybrid engines combining aspects of liquid and solid propellant engines. The document also introduces concepts in thermodynamics including systems, conservation of energy, and specific heat.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    8 views29 pages

    F. Rocket Engine Design Lect 2

    Uploaded by

    Black Hunter
    This document discusses fundamentals of rocket engine design. It covers how rocket engines operate based on Newton's third law of motion. Rocket engines use propulsion systems with propellants to generate forward thrust. There are different types of rocket engines including solid propellant engines with integrated fuel and oxidizer, liquid bipropellant engines with separate fuel and oxidizer mixed during combustion, and hybrid engines combining aspects of liquid and solid propellant engines. The document also introduces concepts in thermodynamics including systems, conservation of energy, and specific heat.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 29

    Beni Suef University

    Faculty of Navigation Sciences & Space


    Technology

    Fundamentals Rocket Engine Design


    Lecture 2
    INTRODUCTION CONT.

    Dr. Eng. Mohamed Koraiem


    Beni Suef, 2023
    How Rocket Engines Operate
    • Rocket propulsion is based on Sir
    Isaac Newton’s three laws of
    motion. The third law is the heart of
    rocketry because the action of the
    rocket engine produces the forward
    motion of the rocket.

    Lecter 2 2
    How Rocket Engines Operate
    • The airframe and propulsion system of a rocket engine exists
    to deliver whatever cargo the rocket is carrying.
    • Provides the rocket with the streamlined shape.
    • It must be as lightweight as possible.

    Saturn V Shuttle Atlas Delta

    Lecter 2 3
    How Rocket Engines Operate
    • Propulsion System
    • The rocket’s propulsion system includes the propellant used,
    the containers for the propellant, all the plumbing that may
    be required to get the propellant from the containers to the
    engine and the rocket engine itself.

    Lecter 2 4
    Classification of propulsive devices

    Lecter 2 5
    Lecter 2 6
    Types of Rocket Engines
    • Solid Propellant
    • In a solid propellant rocket
    system the fuel and oxidizer
    are mixed together from the
    start.
    • The rocket case is the
    combustion chamber and
    holds the propellants. There
    are no valves, pumps, or
    sensors. Additives, if needed
    to increase temperature or to
    control burning, are simply
    mixed with propellant grains.

    Lecter 2 7
    Lecter 2 8
    Types of Rocket Engines
    • Liquid Propellant Classification
    • Bipropellant
    • A combination of fuel and oxidizer, which is
    not mixed until after they have been injected
    into the combustion chamber.
    • More stable and capable of better
    performance than monopropellants.
    • In addition to a fuel and oxidizer, a liquid
    bipropellant may include a catalyst to
    increase the speed of the reaction, or other
    additives to improve the physical, handling,
    or storage properties.

    Lecter 2 9
    Lecter 2 10
    Lecter 2 11
    Lecter 2 12
    Types of Rocket Engines
    • Hybrid Propellant
    • Hybrid propellants combine in a single rocket engine many of
    the advantages of both liquid and solid propellant rockets.
    • Flexibility gives the hybrid rocket its biggest operational
    advantage. It can be throttled from zero to full thrust and can
    be stopped and started in flight.

    Lecter 2 13
    Lecter 2 14
    Lecter 2 15
    Lecter 2 16
    To the student…Thermodynamics means:

    - Understanding the 4 Laws of Thermodynamics


    - Learn to work in with four different temperature
    scales.
    - Learn to balance energy, heat, and work with respect
    to open and closed systems.
    - Learn about common thermodynamics devices and
    applications

    Dr. M. Koraiem 17
    A basic concept: System
    • In thermodynamics, the first step in defining any
    problem is to define exactly what is to be monitored,
    examined, measured, etc.

    Environment
    Interactions System

    Boundary
    Dr. M. Koraiem 18
    Systems - Examples

    Dr. M. Koraiem 19
    The Law of Conservation of Energy
    • The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy cannot be
    created or destroyed, but only change forms.
    • This law is also known as the First Law of Thermodynamics.

    Lecter 2 20
    Lecter 2 21
    Define the specific heat and what the
    difference between at constant
    pressure and constant volume

    Lecter 2 22
    Lecter 2 23
    Lecter 2 24
    Lecter 2 25
    Lecter 2 26
    Lecter 2 27
    Lecter 2 28
    CLASSIFICATION OF FLUID FLOWS
    External
    flow Air

    Viscous Versus Inviscid Regions of Flow


    Internal Versus External Flow
    Internal
    Compressible Versus Incompressible Flow flow Water

    The densities of liquids are essentially constant; Therefore, liquids are usually referred to as
    incompressible substances. Gas flows can often be approximated as incompressible if the density
    changes are under about 5 percent, which is usually the case when Ma < 0.3. where Ma=v/c, and
    c c is the speed of sound whose value is 346 m/s in air at room temperature at sea level

    Laminar Versus Turbulent Flow

    VELOCITY BOUNDARY LAYER THERMAL BOUNDARY LAYER

    29

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