10 Technical

and Vocational Education

Quarter 3
Module 3 (Week 1)
Practice Proper Control of Insect Pests and
Diseases

1
 10
Technical and Vocational
Education
Quarter 3
Module 3 (Week 1)
Practice Proper Control of Insect Pests and
Diseases

3
 This module encourages you to perform and have knowledge on the practice of
proper control of insect pests and diseases. Various activities are provided for you to meet
the target skills.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

• perform monitoring of pest’s incidence based on prescribed procedure (Pest
and Diseases);
• Prepare tools and materials according to specific pest control measure

• Follow appropriate pest control measures based on Phil GAP

• Practice safety measures according to OHS

Direction: Read and answer the following sentences. Choose the letter of the correct
answer. Write them on your answer sheet.

1. A small invertebrate animal with three pairs of legs and usually with wings. It has three
clearly marked body regions: head, thorax and abdomen.
a. Insect c. Diseases
b. Pest d. Insect Pest
2. An abnormal condition that injures the plant or causes it to function improperly.
a. Insect c. Diseases
b. Pest d. Insect Pest
3. The physical expression of a change in the appearance and function of the plant.
a. Sign c. Causes
b. Symptoms d. Effect
4. Visible presence of the pathogen.
a. Sign c. Causes
b. Symptoms d. Effect
5. A causal agent of a disease.
a. Symptoms c. Signs
b. Diseases d. Pathogen
6. A broad term that describes all products used to control insects, diseases, weeds,
fungi and other “pests” on plants, animals and in buildings
a. Fungicide c. Pesticide
b. Insecticide d. Rodenticide
7. A term used to refer to something that is easily affected or capable of being influenced.
a. Susceptible c. Virulent
b. Affected d. Vector

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8. This means noxious, poisonous, infective or malignant
a. Susceptible c. Virulent
b. Affected d. Vector
9. The transmitter or carrier of a disease.
a. Susceptible c. Virulent
b. Affected d. Vector
10. An insect begins its life as an egg and changes its appearance as it grows. This
is the process of ____________.
a. Metamorphosis c. Changes
b. Development d. Metaphosis

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct answer. Write the correct answer on
your answer sheet.

Cultivator Hilling up Grasses

Garden trowel Five

1. ___________ is the operation of cultivating the soil towards the base of the plants.

2. As a rule, cultivation should be done at a depth of _________ centimeters.

3. The simplest tools for cultivation is the ______________.
4. A _____________ is an implement used for cultivation and consists usually of a
frame to which shares are attached.
5. ___________are weeds that are monocotyledonous plants which have long,
narrow two-ranked flat leaves and round hallow stems.

Directions: Using the number clues, unlock the meaning of the following terms
which are related to the topic to be discuss in this module.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
A B C D E F G H I J K L M

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 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

1. __________________ 9, 14, 19, 5, 3, 20

A small invertebrate animal with three pairs of legs and usually with wings.
2. __________________ 16, 5 19, 20, 9, 3, 9, 4 , 5
A broad term that describes all products used to control insects, diseases,
weeds, fungi and rodents.
3. __________________ 16, 1, 20, 8, 15, 7, 5, 14
A causal agent of diseases
4. __________________ 4, 9, 19, 5, 1 19, 5, 19
An abnormal condition that injuries the plant or causes it to function improperly.
5. __________________ 19, 25, 13, 16, 20, 15, 13
The physical expression of a change in the appearance and function of the
plants.

Practice Proper Control of Insect Pests and Diseases

Let us Define

Insect – a small invertebrate animal with three pairs of legs and usually with wings. It
has three clearly marked body regions: head, thorax and abdomen.
Disease – an abnormal condition that injures the plant or causes it to function
improperly. A disease is any disturbance that interferes with the normal
structure (e.g. height, tillers, leaves), function (e.g. reduced vigor, early death),
and economic value (e.g. reduced yield, poor quality produce) of the plant
(host) .
Symptom – the physical expression of a change in the appearance and function of
the plant
Signs – visible presence of the pathogen
Pathogen – a causal agent of a disease. Pathogen in the broader sense, is any agent
that causes a disease. However, the term is generally used to refer to a living
organism, such as fungus, bacteria and virus.
Pesticides – a broad term that describes all products used to control insects,
diseases, weeds, fungi and other “pests” on plants, animals and in buildings
Susceptible – easily affected or capable of being influenced
Virulent – noxious, poisonous, infective or malignant
Vector – the transmitter or carrier of a disease

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Insects and their characteristics

Many different kinds of insects visit a garden. Some can be harmful, but most
are helpful.

Insects play an important role in nature as predators, parasites, scavengers,

and as prey. Many are plant or animal pests and disease carriers. Others are useful
in pollinating crops and some produce useful substances, such as honey, beeswax
and silk.
• One of the enemies of farmers are insect pests that damage their crops
resulting to great loss of income due to low quality and quantity of products.
• It is very important to study the insects’ growth and development, their
characteristics and when and how they damage crops. This will help the
farmers apply strategies to control them.

The insect

All insects have 3 pairs of legs and 3 body divisions (head, thorax and
abdomen). A hard outer covering protects the insect’s body. This covering is called an
exoskeleton.

How does an insect grow?

An insect begins its life as an egg and changes its appearance as it grows.
This is the process of metamorphosis.
A small number of insects give live birth to their young, but for most insects, life starts
inside the egg. Insects’ eggs are protected by hard shells, and although they are tiny
and inconspicuous, they are often laid in vast numbers. A female house fly for
example may lay more than 1,000 eggs in a two-week period.

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The Egg

The larval stage of an insect is the most destructive stage. Most damage is
done to crops at this stage. The larvae grow from almost microscopic size when
hatched. Larvae are ravenous eaters. When full size has been attained, the larvae
either spin a cocoon or build a shell around themselves and go to a resting stage.

The Pupa

The pupa is the rest period of the insect.

The pupa develops into adult.

“One day, a small opening appeared in

a cocoon; a man sat and watched for
the butterfly for several hours as it
struggled to force its body through that
little hole.”

The adult

A mature adult emerges from the pupa.

At this stage, the adult insect will lay
eggs again to continue the cycle.

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The Life Cycle of an Insect (Complete Metamorphosis)

In other insects, such as grasshoppers and aphids, the young insect (nymph) looks
like the parent when it is hatched. It sheds its exoskeleton several times as it grows.

Ways on how insects damage plants

1.) by chewing
Insects feed by chewing some portions of the plant
like leaves, stems, flower, and fruits. They have horn-
like jaws which they use for biting and chewing.
Grasshoppers, caterpillars, grubs, and beetles are
examples of these insects.

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2.) by sucking
Insects also nourish themselves by sucking, plant
juices and nectar. These have sharp, slender, hollow
beaks which they insert under the surface of plants to
suck their juices. San Jose scales, aphids, plant lies,
squash bugs, and other tree bugs are sucking insects.

3.) by lapping

Mouth parts of these insects enable them to lap or lick

liquids from the outer surfaces of objects on which
they feed. Apple maggots and cherry fruit flies are
examples of lapping insects.

Methods of controlling insects

A. Applied Control. This is a measure to destroy insects. Agriculturists have

found the following methods effective.

I. Chemical Control – This refers to the destruction of insect pests through

the use of chemicals, such as pesticides and insecticides. This method is not
environmentally friendly in the sense that it may kill other beneficial insects and
offer harm to other living things like animals and men.

a. Insecticides. These are substances that kill insects by their chemical

action.
1. Stomach poisons are spray, dust, or dips that kill the insect when they
are swallowed.
2. Contact poisons are spray, dust or dips that kill the insect with out being
swallowed.
3. Fumigants are chemicals in the form of gas to kill insects usually applied
in an enclosure of some kind.

b. Auxiliary, synergistic or supplemental substances are materials added

to spray or dusts which are not primarily toxicant but which make the
insecticide cover more economically; stick or adhere better to plants; spread
over foliage, fruits, or the bark, or the bodies of the insects more quickly or
completely; bring insecticidal substances into solution or emulsions; mask
distasteful or repellent properties of insecticides or activate the chemical
action of the toxicant.

Examples:
• Carriers such as water in a spray, talc in a dust, or bran in poison bait.
• Emulsifiers such as flours, calcium and blood albumen.

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 • Stickers such as lime, resin and glues.
• Spreaders like wetting agents and detergents
• Stabilizers such as caustic soda, glue, gelatin

c. Attractants or attrahents. These are substances used in poison baits,

spray or dust to induce the insects to eat the poisoned materials or to lure
insects into traps.
d. Repellants are substances that keep insects away from crops and animals
because of their offensive appearance, odor or taste.

II. Mechanical and Physical Control. These are special operations that kill
insects by physical and mechanical action. Mechanical measures refer to the
operation of machinery or application of manual operations. This is done
through the following ways.
a. manipulation of water or humidity (draining, dehydrating or flooding the
breeding media)
b. manipulation of temperature like burning
c. use of electric shock
d. use of light and other radiant energy
e. use of sound waves.

III. Cultural Control or Use of Farm Practices. Regular farm operations

performed so as to destroy insects or prevent their injuries.
a. Crop rotation
b. Tilling of the soil
c. Variations in the time or method of planting or harvesting
d. Destruction of crop residues, weeds, volunteer plants, and trash
e. Use of resistant varieties
f. Pruning, thinning
g. Fertilizing and stimulating vigorous growth

IV. Biological Control. This is the introduction, encouragement and artificial

increase of predaceous and parasitic insects.
a. Protection and encouragement of insectivorous birds and other animals.
b. The use of growing plants to destroy, repel or prevent damage by insects.

V. Legal Control. This is the eradication of insects by controlling human activities.

a. Inspection and quarantine laws prevent the introduction of new pests from
foreign countries or their spread within a country.
b. Introduction of laws enforce the application of control measures such as
spraying, the cleaning up of crop residues, fumigation and eradication
measures.
c. Insecticide laws govern the manufacture and sale and to prevent the
adulteration and misbranding of insecticides.
d. Poison residue laws fix the tolerance of various insecticides upon food
products offered for sale or transportation.

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B. Natural Control. All the measures that destroy or check insects do not depend
upon man for their continuance or success and cannot be greatly influenced by
man.
1. Climatic factor such as rainfall, sunshine, cold, heat and wind.
2. Topography factors such as rivers, lakes, mountains, type of soil, other
characteristics of the country that serve as barriers.
3. Predators and parasites including insects, birds, reptiles, mammals

The plant disease

A plant disease can be identified or diagnosed through the characteristic/s or

seen by manifestation of diseased (symptoms) and the presence of visible structures
(signs) produced by the pathogen.

The causal agent (pathogen) may be either a living agent (biotic) or nonliving
agent (abiotic). Biotic agents have the ability to enter and colonize plant parts and
other plants. When disease increases rapidly in a large plant population over time, a
serious outbreak occurs (epidemic).

The disease triangle

Disease is the result of the interactions

between a pathogen and a host in a environment
pathogen and a host in a favorable
environment. A disease generally
occurs because the host is
susceptible, the pathogen is virulent,
and the environment is conducive for
the disease to grow.
pathogen host

Environmental factors that cause diseases:

• Temperature. Bacteria grow rapidly at high temperature. Most insects are

active and multiply rapidly in warm temperature.
• Moisture. High moisture content enhances high germination rate of fungal
spores, affects bacteria in entering into plant tissue cells, and increases
fungal spores in number.
• Wind. Wind disperses fungal spores over distance. Strong winds damage
plant tissues, creating entry points for bacteria. Light wind current is
favorable for insects’ movement.

Common causes of plant disease

A. Non-living factors (Abiotic)

• Non-living factors do not spread from disease-infected plants to healthy
plants.
• They can be recognized only through their symptoms.
Examples:

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 Drying of leaves is due to lack of moisture or due to chemical burn.
Yellowing of leaves is due to nutrient deficiency.
• They can be avoided by providing nitrogen.

B. Living (Biotic) factors:

• A disease may be caused by organisms that spread disease to healthy
plants.
• The organisms are very small.
• Can be recognized by symptoms and signs
• Can be managed by destroying or removing the parasitic agent and
reducing the number of pathogen and infection rate.

Symptoms and Signs

A symptom is the physical expression of change in the appearance and

function of the plant.
Examples: blights, rots, cankers, gall, necrosis, and spots.

A sign is the visible presence of the pathogen such as a fruiting body or as a

discharge associated with the disease.
Examples: conks, mycelia, ooze

Controlling vegetable diseases

As with insect control, disease control is an important phase of vegetable

production. Disease control measures begin before the disease is observed in the
field. In contrast, measures for controlling insects are usually withheld until insects or
their damage is observed.
The aims and methods in the control of plant diseases are primarily preventive
and secondarily curative.
Disease control begins with soil sterilization and seed treatment and continues
with applications of fungicides, bactericides or depending upon the causal organism.

Different treatments to control vegetable diseases:

1. Soil treatment
• Using steam or dry heat
• Drenching the soil with formaldehyde solution.
• Dusting with fungicides
• Fumigating the soil.

2. Seed treatment
• Dusting with ceresin, arasan or semesan
• Soaking in liquid fungicide
• Using hot water treatment

3. Vegetative treatment. This is done either by spraying or dusting with various

fungicides.

4. Adapting cultural practices that control or minimize plant diseases:

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 • Cultivating and weeding the area with growing plants
• Keeping the insects under control
• Keeping the [plants vigorous with proper irrigation and fertility
• Planting resistant varieties
• Burning or burying all infected parts and refuse
• Removing the vegetables immediately after harvest
• Employing crop rotation
• Providing good drainage

To control plant diseases, various means and methods are used. The
use of these means and methods are based upon five fundamental principles,
namely; exclusion, eradication or extermination, inhibition, protection and
production of resistant varieties.

a. Exclusion. Exclusion aims to keep the causes of the disease from entering
and stabling itself in an uninfected country or locality. The measures used
are inspection and quarantine. Inspection is done by examining the
suspected plants or plant products for traces of dangerous pathogen so that
if such are found the plants may be treated.
b. Eradication or extermination. This may consist of several processes which
are listed below.
• Sorting – this is done by screening, winnowing, and seed preparation
by specific gravity, hand picking and selecting disease-free seeds or
cuttings. This is applied to seeds, nursery and other plants and plant
parts used for propagation.
• Roguing - The diseased materials are picked and eliminated, burned
or buried in the soil to avoid the spread of the disease.
• Removal of disease-infected parts – An example of this process is
the cutting out of the infected portions of the plant.
• Removal of alternate or weed hosts.
• Removal of debris – Certain disease causing organisms, for example
the Phytopthora disease of eggplant, are found in debris. For this
reason it is necessary to practice cleanliness in the farm. Plant
materials bearing diseases should be burned or buried deep in the
ground.
• Cultivation – the mechanical treatment of the soil can destroy the
dormant stages of the pathogen or its weed host.
• Crop rotation – The object of this method is to starve the pathogen in
the soil by withholding its host, or host from the previous crops for
several planting seasons.
• Disinfection – the operation of directly killing the pathogen while it is
on its host or in the environment of the host. This method is used in
tubers, seeds, soil, storage roosts, etc. It is maybe done by heat, or
with the use of poisonous substances; fungicidal solution, and
formaldehyde.
c. Inhibition or the modification of environment. The aim of this method of
control is to hold the pathogen in check by controlling or modifying certain
surrounding environmental conditions. For example, damping off in
nurseries is controlled by exposing the attacked seedlings to the sun and

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 keeping them in a drier atmosphere.
d. Protection. The aim of this method is to place effective barriers between
the susceptible part of the plant and the pathogen in order to prevent
infection. Examples of this method are:
• Creation of wind breaks
• Selection of sheltered places protected from wind-borne inoculums
• Bagging protects the fruits from parasite-bearing insects coming in
contact with plants.
e. Chemical control like spraying of liquid fungicides, or dusting using a
fungicide in powder form or dust is applied to the plants.

Safety precautions in the use of pesticides

Practically all of the pesticides commercially available are toxic to man and
animals. The people most likely to encounter these hazards are the operators and
applicators.
Pesticides enter the body in three ways:1) by ingestion or swallowing; 2) by
breathing the dusts or vapors; and 3) by absorption through the skin. One form can
prove just as fatal as the other, but most cases of poisoning occur through taking in
accidentally. Unfortunately, children are the most frequent victims of such negligence
by the adults. Because of this, all materials should be kept in their original containers
and locked up or placed out of the reach of children.

A. Before application
1. Read the label
• Determine the target organism.
• Identify the rate and time of application.
• Wear personal protective equipment (PPE).
• Remember the antidotes and other safety measures.
• Observe field reentry intervals after treatment.
2. Check the sprayer
• Fill the tank with plain water and test the sprayer to be used that there are
no leaks or loose connections and the equipment is working properly.
• Repair or replace any worn-out or faulty part.
3. Mixing and filling
• Extra precaution is necessary when mixing and filling sprayers because
pesticides are concentrated.
• Wear personal protective equipment.
• Open pesticide container carefully to avoid splashes, spills, or drifts.
• Keep your head away from the opening of the sprayer.
• Wash and change clothes immediately if pesticide is spilled on clothing.
• Do not use bare hands in mixing pesticides, nor allow concentrated
materials to touch bare skin.
B. During application
1. Wear personal protective equipment.
2. Do not eat, drink, smoke, or blow clogged nozzles with your mouth while
applying pesticides.
3. Do not spray when it is windy to avoid pesticide drift.

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 4. Spray areas near homes in early mornings or evenings when humans, pets and
livestock are less likely to be exposed.
C. After application
1. Store remaining pesticides properly.
2. Bathe and change clothing after application of pesticides.
3. Stay away from treated field one to two days. This prevents poisoning through
contact with treated plants, or inhalation of pesticide fumes.

LET US REMEMBER

A large group of pests attacking crops are in the form of animals. These vary
in sizes. Some are visible and some are not.

Animal pests maybe grouped into insects, birds, rodents, and pathogens.

The insects are probably the worst enemies of our crops. The study of insect
pests and their control is the science of entomology and the person engaged in
entomological work is called entomologist.

Insects are classified into three: the sucking insects, lapping, and the biting
insects.

Independent Activity I

Directions: Read the following statements carefully. Write TRUE if the statement is
correct and FALSE if it is incorrect. Write your answers on your answer
sheet.

__________ 1. Insects play an important role in nature as predators, parasites,

scavengers, and as prey.
__________ 2. Insecticides are substances that kill insects by their chemical action.
__________ 3. Symptoms are the visible presence of the pathogen in plants.
__________ 4. All insects have 2 pairs of legs and 2 body divisions.
__________ 5. An insect begins its life as an egg and changes its appearance as it
grows. This is the process of metamorphosis.
__________ 6. Disease is the result of the interactions between a pathogen and a
host in a pathogen and a host in a favorable environment.
__________ 7. The aims and methods in the control of plant diseases are primarily
preventive and secondarily curative.
__________ 8. Soil treatment is done either by spraying or dusting with various
fungicides.

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__________ 9. Crop rotation is the operation of directly killing the pathogen while it is
on its host or in the environment of the host.
__________ 10. A symptom is the physical expression of change in the appearance
and function of the plant.

Independent Assessment 1

Direction: Based on the definition of an insect, which of the following are insects?
Write your answer on your answer sheet.

1. 2.

3. 4.

6.

5.

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 7. 8.

Independent Activity 2

Directions: Match Column A with those in Column B. Write the letter of the correct
answer on your answer sheet.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

1. Entomology a. building or placing of effective barriers to control spread

2. Insect control of diseases.
3. Pathogen b. the study of insects
4. Sucking c. causal organisms of diseases
insects d. any abnormal condition that will affect the normal
5. Biting insects or function of plant parts
chewing e. the changes in the life of an insect
insects f. the removal of a diseased plant
6. Metamorphosis g. the direct killing of the pathogen while it is on its host or
7. Roguing in the environment of the host.
8. Disinfection h. group of insects that sucks plant juices
9. Protection i. group of insects that eat parts of the plant.
10.Disease j. a small invertebrate animal having three body
divisions, three pairs of legs and usually with wings
k. It places effective barriers between the susceptible part
of the and the pathogen in order to prevent infection.

Independent Assessment 2

Directions: Identify the statements below and fill in each block with a letter that
corresponds with your answer. The number of blocks determines the
number of letters of the correct answer. Write your answer on your
answer sheet.
.
1. The first letter of the beginning of an insects’ life.

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2. Are all insects harmful?
3. The initial letter of the 3 body divisions of an insect.
4. That stage of an insect when they are in their cocoon.
5. The last stage of an insect’s life.
6. The body division with 3 segments where the 3 pairs of legs are found.
7. They are characterized with 3 body divisions, 3 pairs of legs, with or without wings.
8. The specialized mouthpart of a chewing insect.
9. A needle like structure to suck plant juices, nectar and blood.
10. The protective covering of an insect body which is hard. Exclude the first letter.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Independent Activity 3

Directions: Read the following carefully. Identify the methods of control use in
controlling pests and diseases. Choose the letter of your answer from the
words inside the box. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

A.Insect Pest

A. Mechanical Control B. Chemical Control C. Legal Control

Independent Assessment 3
D. Natural Control E. Biological Control F. Cultural Control

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_______ 1. Crop Rotation
_______ 2. Use of light and other radiant energy
_______ 3. The use of growing plants to destroy, repel or prevent damage by insects.
_______ 4. Inspection and quarantine laws prevent the introduction of new pests from
foreign countries or their spread within a country.
_______ 5. Climatic factor such as rainfall, sunshine, cold, heat and wind.

B. Diseases

A. Seed Treatment B. Vegetative Treatment C. Cultural Practices

_______ 1.

_______ 1. D. Soil Treatment E. Protection

_______ 1. Creation of wind breaks

_______ 2. Cultivating and weeding the area with growing plants
_______ 3. Using steam or dry heat
_______ 4. Soaking in liquid fungicide
_______ 5. Done either by spraying or dusting with various fungicides.

Independent Assessment 3

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct answer. Write the correct answer on
your answer sheet.

Roguing Horn-like jaws By lapping

Chemical Abdomen

1. All insects have 3 pairs of legs and 3 body divisions; head, thorax and _________
2. Insects feed by chewing some portions of the plant like leaves, stems, flower, and
fruits. They have ___________which they use for biting and chewing.

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3. Mouth parts of these insects enable them to lap or lick liquids from the outer
surfaces of objects on which they feed. ______________
4. This refers to the destruction of insect pests through the use of ___________, such
as pesticides and insecticides.
5. The diseased materials are picked and eliminated, burned or buried in the soil to
avoid the spread of the disease through ____________

I have learned that insect pests and diseases can be controlled through_____
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
It is important to control them because ____________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Performance Task

1.In a piece of bond paper, copy and draw the insect.

2. Label the parts properly.

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Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter only of your choice on your
answer sheet.

1. A small invertebrate animal with three pairs of legs and usually with wings. It has
three clearly marked body regions: head, thorax, and abdomen.
c. Insect c. Diseases
d. Pest d. Insect Pest

2.An abnormal condition that injures the plant or causes it to function improperly.
a. Insect c. Diseases
b. Pest d. Insect Pest
3.The physical expression of a change in the appearance and function of the plant.
a. Sign c. Causes
b. Symptoms d. Effect
4.Visible presence of the pathogen.
a. Sign c. Causes
b. Symptoms d. Effect
5. A causal agent of a disease.
a. Symptoms c. Signs
b. Diseases d. Pathogen
6. A broad term that describes all products used to control insects, diseases, weeds,
fungi and other “pests” on plants, animals and in buildings
c. Fungicide c. Pesticide
d. Insecticide d. Rodenticide
7. A term used to refer to something that is easily affected or capable of being
influenced.
a. Susceptible c. Virulent
b. Affected d. Vector
8. This means noxious, poisonous, infective or malignant
a. Susceptible c. Virulent
b. Affected d. Vector
9. The transmitter or carrier of a disease.
a. Susceptible c. Virulent
b. Affected d. Vector
10. All the measures that destroy or check insects do not depend upon man for their
continuance or success and cannot be greatly influenced by man.
a. Legal Control c. Natural Control
b. Biological Control d. Physical Control

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Directions: In a piece of paper explain “The Disease Triangle” in three to five
sentences.

environment

pathogen host

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What I Know Independent Assessment 2
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1. A 6. C 1. E
REFERENCES
2. C 7. A 2. NO
3. B 8. C 3. HTA
4. A 9. D 4. PUPA
5. D 10. A 5. ADULT
6. THORAX
What’s In 7. INSECTS
1.Hilling-up 8. MANDIBLE
2. Five 9. PROBOSCIS
3. Garden trowel 10. XOSKELETON
4. Cultivar
5. Grasses Independent Activity 3
1. D
What’s New 2. A
1. Insect 3. B
2. Pesticide 4. D
3. Pathogen 5. A
4. Disease
5. Symptom Independent Assessment 3
A. 1. E B. 1. E
What’s More 2. A 2. C
Independent Activity 1 3. E 3. D
1. true 6. true 4. C 4. A
2. false 7. true 5. D 5. B
3. false 8. false
4. false 9. true What I Have Learned
5. true 10. true Answers may vary
Independent Assessment 1 What I Can Do
1. yes 6. yes Performance Task
2. no 7. yes
3. no 8. Yes Additional Activity
4. no Answers may vary
5. yes
Independent Activity 2 Assessment
1. B 6. E 1. A 6. C
2. A 7. F 2. C 7. A
3. C 8. K 3. B 8. C
4. H 9. G 4. A 9. D
5. I 10. D 5. D 10. C
 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan

Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan

Email Address: [email protected]

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