Biology Shift 1 Nest 2023
Biology Shift 1 Nest 2023
Single Answered
2. A 1000 base pair double-stranded DNA (B form) has a melting temperature (Tm )
of 58◦ C. If a duplex RNA (A form) of the same length and sequence is constructed,
then the Tm of this new RNA duplex with respect to the DNA (B form) would be
(A) addition of cyanide will decrease the membrane potential because of the depletion
of ATP.
(B) addition of cyanide will decrease the pH of the intermembrane space.
(C) addition of excess oxygen will increase the membrane potential in presence of
cyanide.
(D) addition of cyanide will cause a rapid but irreversible depolarization of membrane
potential.
6. In the given pedigree, circles represent females and squares represent males. Filled
shapes indicate affected individuals while unfilled shapes indicate unaffected individuals.
Based on the pedigree information provided, the correct inheritance pattern is
7. A population has a single locus with three alleles (X1, X2, and X3). The frequencies
of these alleles are p, q and r, respectively, and if p + q + r = 1, then the correct
statement is
(A) it explained how new variations will persist in a population over time despite
their low frequency, which is essential for natural selection.
(B) the Mendelian theory explained how characters acquired over an organism’s
lifetime can be passed on to the next generation, which is essential for natural
selection to operate.
(C) the Mendelian theory explained how variation appears in the biological system
which is crucial for evolution by the process of natural selection.
(D) the Mendelian theory first explained that linkage is essential for natural selection.
9. In a closed ecosystem, red algae, crabs and green algae are present and interact with
each other. In order to understand the interactions between them, the following
experimental treatments were imposed
The results of red algae growth from these experiments are shown in the graph.
Plus (+) indicates presence and minus (-) indicates absence in this closed ecosystem.
Red algae growth in all the treatments was significantly different from each other.
(A) in the absence of crabs, green algae positively affected red algae growth.
(B) in the presence of crabs, green algae positively affected red algae growth.
(C) in the absence of green algae, crabs negatively affected red algae growth.
(D) in the presence of green algae, crabs negatively affected red algae growth.
10. Synthesis of ATP takes place when protons flow back to the matrix side through an
enzyme complex called ATP synthase. ATP synthase is made up of two operational
units: a rotatory and a stationary component. Assume that the ATP synthase does
∼ 100 rotations per second, and each rotation results in the generation of 3 ATP
molecules. Suppose that a cell needs ∼ 3 × 1010 molecules of ATP for one round
of cell division that takes 30 minutes with the ATP synthase functioning at 50%
efficiency. The minimum number of ATP synthase required for one round of cell
division in this cell is
(A) 222222
(B) 55555.5
(C) 111111
(D) 277777
11. The permeability of molecules across a lipid bilayer depends on their size and solubility
in a nonpolar solvent relative to their solubility in water. For the species O2 , H2 O,
K+ , glycerol and glucose, the order of their permeability across a lipid bilayer in the
absence of any protein transporters is
12. A monoclonal (antibody specific for a given epitope of an antigen) IgG antibody (M)
was produced in the laboratory that binds to a surface protein (P) of a virus (V1)
and neutralizes 100% of V1. It was observed that M is also effective in neutralizing
other viruses V2, V3 and V4 at 40%, 90% and 32% efficiency as compared to V1.
If there are no other confounding factors, then the most accurate inference is
13. A genetic engineering experiment resulted in a new haemoglobin variant which exists
primarily as αβ dimers in solution. Based on the oxygen saturation curves of the
variant (dashed line) and normal haemoglobin (solid line), it can be inferred that
(A) the variant has a higher affinity to oxygen and shows non-cooperative behaviour.
(B) the variant has a higher affinity to oxygen and shows cooperative behaviour.
(C) the oxygen dissociation of the variant is less than 10% at 20 mm of Hg.
(D) at sea level (∼ 150 mm of Hg), animals with this variant of haemoglobin can
survive better than the ones with normal haemoglobin.
i. loss of gene C
ii. loss of gene A
iii. loss of gene B
iv. loss of genes B and C
Possible floral phenotypes (P-S) resulting from these mutations are given below.
(A) III B cannot be the biomass pyramid of an open ocean since a biomass pyramid
cannot be inverted at any level.
(B) I B and II B are the biomass pyramids of a grassland and a forest ecosystem
respectively, since most of the biomass in a grassland is found in the green parts
and hence the efficiency of energy transfer from producers to primary consumers
is higher in grassland as compared to a forest ecosystem.
(C) III A could be the energy flow pyramid for an open ocean.
(D) I A could be the energy flow pyramid for a forest ecosystem, since the majority
of the biomass is tied up in wood and is not available to most herbivores.