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SAES-N-100 PDF Download – Refractory Systems

June 1, 2023

This article is about SAES-N-100 which is about Refractory Systems and download SAES-N-100 PDF for
Mechanical and Insulation Engineers, supervisors and project managers, Mechanical QCs, Insulation QC
Supervisors. This is saudi aramco standards of Heat Transfer Equipment Engineering based on
international codes and standards and useful for Mechanical and Insulation Engineering knowledge to get
job as engineers, QC Supervisors and QC managers, Engineering managers and technicians.

SAES-N-100 PDF Download

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SAES-N-100 pDF Download

Refractory Systems

SAES-N-100 is a standard that establishes the minimum mandatory requirements for the design and
selection of refractory systems used in pressure vessels, boilers, process fired heaters, heat exchangers,
flare tips, sulfur recovery unit equipment, and piping in Saudi Aramco facilities.

According to this standard, the refractory selections are limited to three types: monolithic refractory
systems, refractory ceramic fiber (RCF) systems, and refractory brick systems. The purpose of this
standard is to standardize the use of refractory systems within Saudi Aramco facilities.

If there are equipment or refractory systems that are not covered by this standard, it is recommended to
consult with the Saudi Aramco Engineer for guidance on the applicability of this standard.

Furthermore, this standard can be attached to and made a part of purchase orders, ensuring compliance
with the specified requirements. It covers both the design requirements and material selection for new and
existing refractory systems.

Industry Codes And Standards

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) is a widely recognized organization that develops and
publishes voluntary consensus standards for various industries. In the context of refractory systems, the
following ASTM standards are relevant:

1. ASTM C20: Standard Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Water Absorption, Apparent Specific Gravity,
and Bulk Density of Burned Refractory Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water.

2. ASTM C24: Standard Test Method for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of Fireclay and High Alumina
Refractory Materials.

3. ASTM C113: Standard Test Method for Reheat Change of Refractory Brick.

4. ASTM C133: Standard Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modulus of Rupture of
Refractories.

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5. ASTM C134: Standard Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurement, and Bulk Density of
Refractory Brick and Insulating Firebrick.

6. ASTM C182: Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Insulating Firebrick.

7. ASTM C201: Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refractories.

8. ASTM C704: Standard Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Refractory Materials at Room
Temperature.

9. ASTM C892-10: Standard Specification for High-Temperature Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation.

The American Petroleum Institute (API) also provides relevant standards for refractory installation quality
control guidelines and inspection and testing. The specific standard related to refractory installation is API
STD 936.

These industry codes and standards ensure proper testing, performance evaluation, and quality control of
refractory materials and linings used in various applications, including pressure vessels, boilers, fired
heaters, and more.

Refractory System Design

In the design of refractory systems, several considerations need to be taken into account. Here are the key
points outlined in the standard:

6.1 General:

The design and selection of refractory systems should consider factors such as allowable shell metal
temperatures, ambient conditions, outside casing temperatures, maximum service temperatures,
velocities of flue gases or fluids, composition of flue gases and fluids, abrasive particles in flue gases
and fluids, casing or shell pressure, pressure fluctuations, and optimum heat conservation.

Section 9 of the standard provides the minimum design requirements for refractory systems specified by
the Refractory Designer.

The Refractory Designer is responsible for reviewing and approving detail drawings.

The maximum service temperature limit of the refractory material selected should be a minimum of
95°C above the material layer design hot face temperature.

The increase in thermal conductivity of refractory materials in hydrogen-rich gases compared to air
should be determined by the Refractory Designer.

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Minimum thermal coefficient correction factors for increased thermal conductivity due to hydrogen
pressures are provided based on the percentage of hydrogen and dry bulk densities of the refractory
materials.

6.2 Minimum Lining Requirements:

Single-Layer Castable Linings: Consist of a single layer of castable refractory for thermal insulation
and/or mechanical resistance. The minimum thickness, unless specified otherwise, should be 50 mm
with support from anchors or 19 mm when erosion-resistant and supported by hexsteel or “S” bars.

Multi-Layer Castable Linings: Consist of one or more layers of back-up refractory lining covered by a
denser refractory layer on the hot face for thermal insulation and/or mechanical resistance. The
minimum thickness of the hot face layer should be 75 mm.

Extreme Erosion-Resistant Refractory Linings: Should have an erosion loss not exceeding 4 cm³ after
firing at 815°C, as per ASTM C704. They should not be used for heat insulation.

Refractory Ceramic Fiber (RCF) Linings: Consist of a coating, vapor barrier, attachment studs, locking
devices, and one or more layers of RCF lining. Different RCF designs, such as layered blanket,
blanket/board, or moduled types, can be used. The specific use of spray-on and wet blanket types
requires prior approval. Layered blanket and blanket/board designs have temperature limitations and
should not be used above 982°C. The selection of RCF system installations should comply with the
maximum velocity limits specified in Table 1.

These guidelines ensure the appropriate design and selection of refractory systems for various equipment
and applications.

FAQs About SAES-N-100 PDF Download

Q1: What Factors Should Be Considered In The Design And Selection Of Refractory Systems?

A1: Several factors need to be considered, including allowable shell metal temperatures, ambient
conditions, outside casing temperatures, maximum service temperatures, fluid or gas velocities,

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composition of fluids or gases, presence of abrasive particles, casing or shell pressure, pressure
fluctuations, and heat conservation requirements.
Q2: Who Is Responsible For Reviewing And Approving Detail Drawings Of Refractory Systems?

A2: The Refractory Designer is responsible for reviewing and approving detail drawings.
Q3: What Is The Recommended Minimum Service Temperature Limit For Refractory Materials?

A3: The refractory material selected should have a maximum service temperature limit that is at least 95°C
above the material layer design hot face temperature.
Q4: How Is The Increase In Thermal Conductivity Of Refractory Materials In Hydrogen-Rich Gases Determined?

A4: The Refractory Designer should determine the increase in thermal conductivity of refractory materials
in hydrogen-rich gases compared to air.
Q5: What Are The Minimum Lining Requirements For Single-Layer Castable Linings?

A5: Single-layer castable linings should have a minimum thickness of 50 mm, supported by anchors, or 19
mm when erosion-resistant and supported by hexsteel or “S” bars.
Q6: What Are The Minimum Lining Requirements For Multi-Layer Castable Linings?

A6: Multi-layer castable linings consist of one or more layers of back-up refractory lining covered by a
denser refractory layer on the hot face. The minimum thickness of the hot face layer should be 75 mm.
Q7: How Are Extreme Erosion-Resistant Refractory Linings Defined?

A7: Extreme erosion-resistant refractory linings should have an erosion loss not exceeding 4 cm³ after
firing at 815°C, according to ASTM C704. These linings are not intended for heat insulation purposes.
Q8: What Are The Temperature Limitations For Refractory Ceramic Fiber (RCF) Linings?

A8: RCF linings, such as layered blanket, blanket/board, or moduled types, can be used. Layered blanket
and blanket/board designs have temperature limitations and should not be used above 982°C. The specific
use of spray-on and wet blanket types requires prior approval.
Read Also:

SAES-N-004 PDF Download – Design and Installation of Building Thermal Envelop

SAES-N-001 PDF Download – Basic Criteria, Industrial Insulation

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Tags: ARAMCO INDUSTRIAL INSULATION STANDARDS

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