Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Laboratory Management
Laboratory Management
PROFESSIONALISM
Professional ethics is the study of standards of conduct and moral judgments which
provide a basis for right and wrong conduct.
TORT LAW
• A tort is an act which gives rise to an injury or harm to another, and amounts to a
civil wrong for which courts impose liability.
INTENTIONAL TORT
Battery
Assault
Defamation
Fraud
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UNINTENTIONAL TORT
o Art of getting things done through people; working with and thru people
1. Planning
2. Organizing
3. Leading
4. Controlling
SKILLS OF A MANAGER:
1. Organizational skills
2. People skills
3. Technical skills
Benchmarking
Productivity Assessment
Legislation/regulations/HIPAA Compliance
Medicolegal concerns
Continuing education
Staff meetings
Human Resources Job descriptions
Orientation
Competency assessment
Personnel records
Performance evaluation/appraisals
Billing
Compliance regulations
Outreach marketing
Advertising
Website development
Client education
ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN
LEADERSHIP THEORIES
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1. McGregor X and Y theory
2. Fielder theory
• This theory indicates that the style used by the leader may vary according to the
situation with a very favorable or very unfavorable situation requiring a
_________________________ and a moderately favorable or moderately
unfavorable situation requiring a _________________________________________
a. Impoverished management
b. Authority-compliance
c. Middle-of-the-road management
d. Team management
5. Harsey-Blanchard theory
LEADERSHIP
• A pattern of behaviors used to engage others to complete tasks in a timely and
productive manner.
1. Supporting
2. Directing
3. Delegating
4. Coaching
QUALITY ASSURANCE
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o Quality assurance is a comprehensive set of policies, procedures, and practices
that are followed to ensure that a laboratory’s results are reliable. QA evaluates the
quality of services provided. It provides a way to prevent problems as well as deal
with problems that occur.
c. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) are available for each hazardous
material.
e. Records of any accidents (needle stick) are kept and reported to appropriate
authorities
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5. Specimen collection and handling (preanalytical) as wells as patient preparation
follows written guidelines and is documented
3. Types of controls
d. Temperatures of incubators, certain instruments, and the room are noted and
documented.
7. Checklists are used to ensure that scheduled activities and duties are performed.
8. The laboratory must participate in and document results of Pro ciency Test. This
allows comparison of results from a number of laboratories.
QUALITY MANAGEMENT
o Method for ensuring that all the activities necessary to design, develop and
implement a service are e ective and e cient with respect to the system.
2. Assessment Practices – analytic activities that are done during the test to determine
whether the established systems are performing correctly
LABORATORY SAFETY
Protective Clothing
• Occlusive dressing
• Wear long-sleeved gowns with closed fronts or long-sleeved lab coats that are
buttoned closed while in the laboratory
Hand Protection
Facial Protection
• Full-faced shields are preferred; if not available, use uid-resistant mask and eye
protection
Hazardous Wastes
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Top 0 - Will not burn
1 – Above 200F
2 – Below 200F
3 – Below 100F
4 – Below 73F
Bottom Oxidizer
Radiation
Use no water
Left 0 – Normal
1 – Slightly hazardous
2 – Hazardous
3 – Extreme danger
4 – Deadly
Right 0 – Stable
1 – Unstable if heated
4 – May detonate
Fire Hazards
RECORDS
Requisition
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Quality Control
Instrument Maintenance
Blood bank donor/recipient records
Blood bank employee signature/initials
Blood bank quality control
REPORTS
Clinical Pathology Laboratory Reports
Autopsy Forensic Reports
Surgical Pathology (and bone marrow)
Reports
Cytogenetics Reports
TURN-OVER OF RESULTS
Surgical Pathology and Cytology
Autopsy Reports
Frozen Sections
SPECIMEN RETENTION
Serum and other body uids
Routine blood smears
Pathology/bone marrow slides
Pathology blocks
Microbiology smears
Blood bank donor/recipient specimens
Cytogenetics slides
Cytogenetics diagnostic images
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• Preanalysis - refers to all activities that take place before testing
Centrifuge
• Used to separate substances of di erent mass or density
A. Horizontal head
• Swinging bucket type; the centrifuge tubes are held in a vertical position
when not moving, but are horizontal when the centrifuge is fully in motion
B. Angle Head
• Has a xed 25 -52 angle at which the tubes are held during centrifugation
C. Ultracentrifuge
• Weekly – clean interior components with soap and water followed by freshly
made 10% v/v bleach solution, including sample buckets
• Quarterly – check the revolutions per minute at several commonly used speeds
while centrifuging a balanced load using a tachometer or strobe light
Pipet
According to Design:
1. To contain – holds the particular volume but does not dispense the exact volume
1. Blow-out – has a continuous etched ring located near the top of the pipet
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According to Purpose:
1. Transfer pipet
• Pasteur pipet
2. Graduated/Measuring pipet
• Bacteriological pipet
2. Ultrapure Reagent
• Type of reagent that has been put through additional puri cation steps
• Limitations of this type are not usually stated and is not recommended for
research and analytical chemistry
• Used for procedures that require maximum water purity for accuracy and
precision
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• Used for washing glasswares
Automation
Principles:
1. Single channel – able to perform only one test with a dedicated portion of the
instrument
2. Multi-channel – able to perform a variety of tests at the same time with separate
dedicated instrument components
4. Batch analysis – group of samples are analyzed at the same time for the same
test
7. Closed reagent system – reagents are purchased only from the manufacturer of
the instrument because of unique container or format
2. Centrifugal Analyzer
• Uses the force generated by centrifugation to transfer and then contain
liquids in separate cuvets for measurement at the perimeter of a spinning
rotor
3. Discrete Analyzer
• Capability of running multiple tests one sample at a time or multiple
samples one test at a time.