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    Nurul Shafinaz
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    Rapid sand filtration is a physical water treatment process that uses sand and gravel filters to remove particles. It is commonly used to treat large volumes of drinking water. Water flows vertically through a bed of sand and gravel where particles are removed by absorption or encapsulation. The filter is then backwashed to remove trapped particles. There are two main types - gravity filters that use only gravity to move water and pressure filters that use pumps. Rapid sand filtration provides efficient removal of suspended solids when used with pre-treatment like coagulation and post-treatment like chlorination.

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    RAPID SAND FILTRATION

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    Rapid sand filtration is a physical water treatment process that uses sand and gravel filters to remove particles. It is commonly used to treat large volumes of drinking water. Water flows vertically through a bed of sand and gravel where particles are removed by absorption or encapsulation. The filter is then backwashed to remove trapped particles. There are two main types - gravity filters that use only gravity to move water and pressure filters that use pumps. Rapid sand filtration provides efficient removal of suspended solids when used with pre-treatment like coagulation and post-treatment like chlorination.

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    82 views16 pages

    Rapid Sand Filtration

    Uploaded by

    Nurul Shafinaz
    Rapid sand filtration is a physical water treatment process that uses sand and gravel filters to remove particles. It is commonly used to treat large volumes of drinking water. Water flows vertically through a bed of sand and gravel where particles are removed by absorption or encapsulation. The filter is then backwashed to remove trapped particles. There are two main types - gravity filters that use only gravity to move water and pressure filters that use pumps. Rapid sand filtration provides efficient removal of suspended solids when used with pre-treatment like coagulation and post-treatment like chlorination.

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    of 16

    EKE4233 WATER TREATMENT

    RAPID SAND
    FILTRATION
    RAPID SAND FILTRATION

    MEMBER GROUP 8
    1. ILYA SYUHADA' BINTI RUHAIZED (E19A0136)
    2. KHAIRUL NAJMI BIN KHAIRUDDIN (E19A0143)
    3. NURUL SHAFINAZ BINTI ABDULLAH (E19A0231)
    4. NURUL IZZAH ATHIRAH BINTI AB AZIZ (E19A0230)
    5. MARDHIYYAH BINTI ABDUL HAMED (E19A0148)
    INTRODUCTION OF RSF

    Rapid sand filtration is a purely physical treatment process.

    A combination of flocculation and coagulation, filtration and disinfection


    (e.g. chlorination) is the most widely applied water treatment technology for
    treating large quantities of drinking water in industries.

    The process is called "rapid" because the water flows through the filter bed
    at a high rate, allowing for the treatment of large volumes of water in a
    relatively short period of time.
    INTRODUCTION OF RSF

    Method of cleansing - Agitation & Backwashing


    Efficiency - Not effective for the removal of bacteria and more
    efficient for turbidity and color removal.
    Pre-treatment (Coagulation & Flocculation)
    Post-treatment (Chlorination)
    FILTRATION & BACKWASH
    TREATMENT PROCESS

    For the filtration process, the wastewater flows vertically


    through a fine bed of sand and gravel. Particles are removed
    by way of absorption or physical encapsulation.

    For the backwashing process, the flow of water is reversed, so


    that treated water flows backwards through the filter. The
    sand is re-suspended and the solid matter is separated in the
    surface water.
    BASE DESIGN OF RSF

    Chamber: filter tank / filter box


    Filter media (Sand)
    Gravel support
    Under drain system
    wash water troughs
    Perforated laterals
    Made out of reinforced concrete
    Filled with sand and gravel to the
    height of 1.5-2 meters.
    Water is supplied to the top of the
    sand-bed
    It flows through the layers of
    graded sand and gravel.
    A system of perforated pipes on the
    bottom drains the chamber
    TYPES OF RAPID SAND
    FILTRATION

    GRAVITY FILTERS
    PRESSURE FILTERS
    GRAVITY FILTER
    Get the name from the fact that water flows through the filter
    bed because of gravity, not because of a pump or a lot of
    pressure.
    Normally found in municipal drinking water systems, but most
    often only with an upstream clarifier in an industrial setting.
    Use to remove suspended solids from the service water and are
    typically downstream of pre-treatment clarifiers.

    Application
    ·Gravity filters are usually placed after pre-treatment clarifiers.
    They are used to get rid of solids that are suspended in the
    service water.
    ·Gravity filters are often used when the turbidity and colour of
    the water coming in are too high for pressure filters (more than
    50 NTU of turbidity and 10 APHA of colour). Any floc that gets
    past the clarifier is also taken away.
    GRAVITY FILTER
    Materials of construction
    Most gravity filters are made of carbon steel, and
    they are usually put together on site.
    Gravity filters can incorporate various types of
    media such as sand, anthracite, greensand and
    GAC to meet each plant’s water treatment needs

    Modes of operation for gravity filter


    Normal service
    Drain down (part of air scour option)
    Air scour (optional)
    Backwash
    PRESSURE FILTER
    Pressure filters are similar to gravity filters in that include
    filter media, supporting bed, underdrain system, and control
    device, but the filter shell has no wash water troughs.

    A pressure filter is a closed tank with a single or a


    combination of filter media to remove a wide range of
    contaminants, including sediment, bacteria, viruses, and
    chemicals.

    The pressure filter plants are available with manual or


    automatic backwash. The tank is made either of steel or
    stainless steel.

    The diameter of the tank is 1.5 m – 3 m and the height or


    length is 3.5 to 8 m.
    ADVANTAGES

    Low maintenance Relatively inexpensive

    Backwashing is easy and does Removes small and large dirt


    not requires an expensive and debris
    service call
    DISADVANTAGES

    Constant backwashing can High capital and operation

    throw off chemical balance costs

    Backwashing is easy, but some Produces large volumes of


    may not like having to do their sludge for disposal.
    own maintenance
    CONCLUSION
    Rapid sand filtration is a purely physical drinking water purification
    method. Rapid sand filters (RSF) provide rapid and efficient removal of
    relatively large suspended particles. Two types of RSF are typically used:
    rapid gravity and rapid pressure sand filters. For the provision of safe
    drinking water, RSFs require adequate pre-treatment (usually
    coagulation-flocculation) and post-treatment (usually disinfection with
    chlorine). Rapid sand filtration is common in developed countries for the
    treatment of large quantities of water where land is a strongly limiting
    factor, and where material, skilled labour, and continuous energy supply
    are available.

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