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Appraisal Review
Appraisal Review
An Appraisal Prepared by Mr. Chris Bell, MAI regarding the The Gualala River Forest Property containing about 13,913 acres
LOCATION
The subject property is located northwest of Yorkville, bisected by Fish Rock Road in southwestern Mendocino County, about ten miles east of the community of Gualala and within the Gualala River watershed, in Mendocino County, California
CLIENT
Ms. Teri Muzik, Senior Land Agent State of California Natural Resources Agency Department of Fish and Game Wildlife Conservation Board 1807 13th Street, Suite 103 Sacramento, CA 95811-7137
Richard A. Murphy, MAI P.O. Box 994750, Redding, California 96099-4750 Accurate Analysis Understandable Results Phone: (530) 246-1635 Fax: (530) 246-1881
August 9, 2011
Teri Muzik, Senior Land Agent State of California Natural Resources Agency Department of Fish and Game Wildlife Conservation Board 1807 13th Street, Suite 103 Sacramento, CA 95811-7137 RE: Review of an appraisal prepared by Chris Bell, AG023519, regarding The Gualala River Forest Property, Project ID: 2009017, Contract Number WC-1099TM, published on April 11, 2011 with a valuation date of April 11, 2001. *The appraisal referenced above is hereby attached by reference and this appraisal review should not be considered unless accompanied by the report. Dear Ms. Muzik, At your request, I have prepared a technical desk review of an appraisal report pertaining to the real estate identified above. The purpose of the review was to determine compliance with the 2010-11 version of the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (USPAP). The attached technical appraisal review conveys my opinions regarding the appraisal's compliance with USPAP. If applicable, it also details deficiencies. It is outside this review's primary scope of work to develop separate value opinions.
Overall, the appraisal which is set in a summary format satisfactorily complies with the minimum requirements of the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice. Based on a technical review as defined within this report, the review process supports the appraisers opinions of value as follows: As Is Hypothetical Condition with Conservation Easement In Place Indicated Value of Proposed Conservation Easement Sincerely, $30,000,000 $7,760,000 $22,240,000
Richard A. Murphy, MAI California Certified General Real Estate Appraiser #AG004181 License Expiration Date: 11/3/2012
Table of Contents
Certificate of Review Appraiser ................................................................................................................ 5 Reviewers Special Comments ................................................................................................................. 8 Final Reviewer Commentary .................................................................................................................. 10 Review Appraiser Checklist .................................................................................................................... 11 Contingent and Limiting Conditions ........................................................................................................ 18
Addenda ............................................................................................................................. 21
Appraisal Institute................................................................................................................................... 21 Copyright Protection ............................................................................................................................... 22 End of Report ......................................................................................................................................... 22
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Richard A. Murphy, MAI California Certified General Real Estate Appraiser #AG004181 License Expiration Date: 11/3/2012
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Property Location
The subject property is located northwest of Yorkville, off of Fish Rock Road in southwestern Mendocino County, east of the community of Gualala and within the Gualala River watershed.
Site Description
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Improvements
Zoning/General Plan
No building improvements are mention. Zoning is reported to be TP, timberland production. No general plan designation is reported, however the report states minimum parcel size is 160 acres and each parcel could be developed for a rural residential home site. The larger parcel is reported to be comprised of 73 legally separate parcels through Administrative Certificates of Compliance. The subject is stated as probably being located in a moderate fire hazard zone. Mr. Bell states flooding is not a concern, which is assumed to be the reason no FEMA Flood MAP zone is mentioned. Forest Timberland State of California, Wildlife Conservation Board and its assignees Establish Compliance of Appraisal with USPAP and Supplement Client Standards Summary, per Section2-2(b), 2010-11 Edition of USPAP Fee Simple, with and without a conservation easement. April 11, 2011 April 28, 2011 Appraiser states development and sale of the 73 separate parcels as rural residential homesites. Timber Management Use As Is without Proposed Easement Timber Value Component By Another Hypothetical Value with Easement Deduced Value of Potential Easement Not Applicable, therefore not employed Not Applicable, therefore not employed $30,000,000 $2,016,000 $7,760,000 $22,240,000
Present Use/Type Intended User of the Review Intended Use of the Review Report Format Property Interest Appraised Appraisals Effective Value Date Date of Appraisal Report Highest & Best Use Before Highest &Best Use After Approaches To Value
Sales Approach
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Verification Of Market Data and Comparable Sales Research For Other Or Better Comparables
Other Than Signatories, Names Of Persons Providing Significant Assistance To The Development Of This Review Supplemental Client Standards
No Review Assistants
A) B) C) D)
Summarize the initial appraisal State the basis on which the value of the land was established. Describe the standards used to prepare the initial appraisal. Determine whether or not the initial appraisal meets the standards established under the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (USPAP).
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Below several items of concerns observed in the report are discussed. Given the summary nature of the report, information held in the appraisers file may address the concerns. A review checklist is included at the end of this narrative for the complete list of USPAP Standards One and Two requirements checked for technical compliance. 1.) Refer to Review Checklist No. 18; the subject is utilized as timber production with
potential for vineyard development, thus, a summarized market study of economic agricultural and timber harvest production would be expected, but is not found. 2.) Refer to Review Checklist No. 21; No regional maps, neighborhood maps, or an aerial It is assumed absence of typical exhibits is because the
map is included which would be expected for an appraisal of a large acreage property presented in a summary report. intended users are already familiar with the subject property. 3.) Refer to Review Checklist Nos. 23, 31; It is typical for agricultural and timber land and
large acreage parcels in general to have soil types summarized, along with terrain features, and locations of utilities and services described, furthermore supported by exhibits such as topographic maps and soils maps. This report lacks the typical level of summarization of each of the items above. As an example, in the report, portions of the property are said to hold potential for vineyard development, but on page 26 the property soils are said to be rocky. Furthermore, although the author states utilities are available to several roads in the neighborhood, no exhibit or description of proximity of said roads in relation to the subject property is tendered. Absence of summarized information regarding the above site characteristics prevents either concluding or disagreeing with the authors portrayal of the site, but technically, each has been minimally addressed. 4.) Refer to Review Checklist No. 25; No mention of the general plan designation regulating
use of the subject was summarized. It is appropriate to include all land use regulations in order to summarize a conclusion as to conformity with legally permitted uses and to surrounding properties.
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5.)
Refer to Review Checklist No. 33; On page 20 a table containing average list and prices
for rural residential properties larger than 20 acres in size is included. The information indicates demand between 37 and 61 home sites per year in Mendocino County, with a high of 70 during the peak year of 2005. On page 32, last paragraph, the appraiser arrives at a conclusion based on number of home site sales that it is financially feasible to develop the parcels to residential home sites, along with cattle and sheep grazing, recreational use and vineyard development of portions of the property. As summarized the highest and best use resembles a fundamental highest and best use analysis which is permitted if mutually agreed to by the client and appraiser at the time of engagement. 6.) Refer to Review Checklist No. 37, 38; On page 47, the appraiser separated the vineyard
acreage and assigns a value of $10,000 per acre using no sales, but rather secondary published information. In the strictest scenario where there is an absence of sales, secondary information from trade associations is an alternative.
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Question
INTRODUCTION
USPAP SR SMT or AO
Yes
No
N/A
PG
Acceptable?
1. 2. 3. 4.
Was the appropriate report format utilized and prominently stated? Did the report state the identity of the client and any intended users? Did the report state the intended use of the report? Was the real estate sufficiently described including the physical and economic property characteristics relevant to the assignment? Was an accurate legal description included from appropriate documentation such as a title policy, deed, survey plat or loan documentation? Was the legal description verified with a survey to be sure they coincide? Was the appropriate interest defined and appraised? Was the type and definition of value defined and sourced? Did the report contain an appropriate analysis of any prior and current sales, options or listing for the last 3 years? Was the effective date of the appraisal and date of report included? Was the scope of work used to develop the appraisal disclosed? Did the report include a description of the information analyzed, appraisal methods and techniques employed and the reasoning that supports the analyses, opinions, and conclusions? Did the report state the use of the real estate existing as of the date of value and the use reflected in the appraisal; and when an opinion of highest and best use was developed by the appraiser, describe the support and rationale for that opinion? Did the report include an acceptable list of general assumptions and limiting conditions (for example, an assumption which effectively removes the appraisers responsibility, or limits the extent of liability to the amount of the appraisal fee, is unacceptable)? Did the report clearly and conspicuously include any special assumptions or limiting conditions? Did the report include any hypothetical conditions?
SR2-2; AO11; AO12 SR2-(a)(i); SMT 9 SR2-2(a)(ii); SMT SR2-2(a)(iii); AO2; AO23
X X X X
YES
YES
YES
YES
X
SR2-2(a)(iii)
YES
5.
6. 7. 8.
SR2-2(a)(iii) SR2-2(a)(iv) SR2-2(a)(v); SMT6; AO7, AO22 SR2-2(a)(v); SMT6; AO7, AO22 SR2-2(a)(vi); SMT3; SMT4 SR2-2(a)(vii); AO28; AO29
X X X
YES YES
YES
X
YES
9.
10. 11.
X X X
YES
YES
12. W
YES
X
SR2-2(a)(ix)
YES
13.
X
SR2-2(a)(x)
YES
14.
15. 16.
SR2-2(a)(x) SR2-2(a)(x)
X X
YES YES
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Question 17. Did the report include a signed certification similar in content to SR 2-3?
Yes X
No
N/A
PG
Acceptable?
YES
Was the Regional/Area data relevant to subject property? Was the Neighborhood data relevant to subject property? Was the Market Analysis / Absorption study relevant to the subject property? Were appropriate exhibits for Regional, Neighborhood etc. maps included? Remarks:
SITE DATA
X X X X X
YES
Were the site characteristics adequately described? Was any excess or expansion land identified and its contributory value to value considered? Was the zoning description adequate? Was the description of the improvements adequate? Do any improvements conform to existing zoning? If not, describe in remarks? If the improvements are proposed (or there is a proposed addition, proposed repairs, renovations, etc. to be made), did the appraiser have plans appropriate to reflect the kind and character of such improvements? Was a tax and assessment analysis included and adequate? Are the taxes reasonable? Were appropriate exhibits including a copy of survey, plat map, assessors plat, photographs, etc. included? Remarks
HIGHEST AND BEST USE SR 1-3(a) SR 1-3(a)
X X X X X
28.
SR 1-2(a)
X X X X X
YES
YES YES
33. 34.
Has a meaningful highest and best use analysis relevant to subject characteristics been included for both the as if vacant and as improved/proposed? Remarks
SR 1-3(b)
X X
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Question If the sales comparison method was employed, was sufficient detail provided on each sale including writeup, verification of sale, analysis of sale and adjustments as required by scope of work decision? Was an adjustment grid included? If another method of estimating land value, was it adequately documented and reasonable? Was the land value considered well supported and reasonable? Were appropriate exhibits including land sale maps, MLS printouts, included? Remarks
USPAP SR SMT or AO
Yes
No
N/A
PG
Acceptable?
X
SR 1-4(a)
YES
35.
X X
SR 1-4(a)
YES
NO NO
YES YES
X X X
41.
Were the direct and indirect components, entrepreneurial profit and depreciation from all causes appropriately estimated for either reproduction cost or replacement cost? Was Marshall Valuation the source of the cost estimate? For proposed projects, was the developers cost estimate compared with another source? For proposed projects, was the developers cost estimate considered reasonable? Was an analysis of effective age, remaining economic life and total economic life reasonable? Was the value estimated by the Cost Approach reasonable? Was the value estimated by the Cost Approach one of the approaches relied heavily upon by the appraiser? Were appropriate exhibits including a Marshall Valuation Cost Breakdown, etc. included? Remarks:
X
SR 1-4(b)(ii) (iii)
YES
X
SR 1-2(a)
YES YES
X X X
YES
YES
SR 1-4(b)
X X X X
YES
YES
YES YES
50.
If the sales comparison method was employed, was sufficient detail provided on each sale including writeup, verification of sale, analysis of sale and adjustments as required by scope of work decision? Was an adjustment grid included? Was the property value considered well supported and reasonable?
X
SR 1-4(a)
YES
51. 52.
X
SR 1-4(a)
YES YES
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Question 53. Was the value estimated by the Sales Comparison Approach one of the approaches relied heavily upon by the appraiser? Were appropriate exhibits including location maps, photographs, MLS printouts, etc. included? Remarks
USPAP SR SMT or AO
Yes
No
N/A
PG
Acceptable?
X
YES
54. 55.
X X
YES YES
56.
Was the analysis of any leases encumbering the property (i.e., contract rent) adequate? Was the conclusion of contract rent appropriate and was the impact of any above or below market rate leases considered? Was the analysis of market rent for any vacant space including , sufficient detail provided on each rent comparable including write-up, verification of lease, analysis of lease (i.e. net to gross adjustments made) and adjustments as required by scope of work decision? Were all of the rent comparables completed transactions and not asking rents? Was the rental estimate considered well supported and reasonable? Was a rent comparable adjustment grid included? Was consideration given to the projection of any other sources of income BEFORE vacancy allowance, i.e., expense reimbursements, CAM charges, parking, laundry or other fee income? If this is a proposed project, were the developers projected rental projections considered reasonable? In the event of all net or triple net leases, were expense reimbursements shown as other income and a full burden of expenses projected? Was the Potential Gross Income estimate adequate? Were appropriate exhibits including rental location maps, photographs, MLS printouts, etc. included? Was an appropriate deduction for vacancy and collection loss made, and is it in line with current market conditions? Was the effective gross income estimate well supported? Remarks
SR 1-4(c)(d)
X X
YES
57.
SR 1-4(c)(d)
YES
X
YES
58.
X X
SR 1-4(c)(d)
YES
YES YES
X X
SR 1-4(c)(i)
62.
YES
63.
X
SR 1-2(e)
YES
X
YES
X X X
YES YES
67.
YES
68. 69.
X
SR 1-4(c)(i)
YES YES
X
VALUATION SECTION INCOME APPROACH Expense Projection
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Question 70. If this is an existing property, were a minimum of two years of historical data along with year to date data analyzed? If this is a proposed property, was the developers proforma expenses analyzed? Were existing or proposed expenses compared with an appropriate source of published comparable expense data? Were existing or proposed expenses compared with an appropriate source of private comparable expense data? Were expenses analyzed on the basis of at least two units of comparison, i.e., per square foot, % of EGI, per unit, etc? If this is a proposed project, were the developers proforma expenses considered reasonable? Were total expenses considered reasonable? Remarks
USPAP SR SMT or AO
Yes
No
N/A
PG
Acceptable?
X
YES
71.
X X
YES
72.
YES
X
YES
73.
X
YES
74.
X
SR 1-4(c)(ii)
X X
78.
If utilized, were at least three methods of developing a capitalization RATE analyzed and included (for example, survey data, extraction from sale comparables, band of investment, debt service ratio method)? If utilized, was at least one method of developing a capitalization FACTOR analyzed and included (for example, GIM, GRM, EGM)? Was the capitalization rate or income factor reasonable? Was the value conclusion by the Income Approach using Direct Capitalization well supported? Was the value estimated by the Income Approach utilizing Direct Capitalization one of the approaches relied heavily upon by the appraiser? Remarks
VALUATION SECTION INCOME APPROACH Yield Capitalization Methodology SR 1-4(c)(iii)
X
YES
X
YES
79.
80. 81.
X X X
YES
YES
82. 83.
YES
YES
If utilized, was an appropriate software program utilized based on the complexity of the project (i.e., Excel, Argus, ProJect, etc.)? Was a software electronic file included? Was lease data correctly input?
X
YES
X X
YES YES
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Question Were assumptions made concerning number of projection periods, income and expense growth, market rental rates on renewal, replacement reserve estimates, rollover expense estimates (for retrofit and broker expenses) considered reasonable? Was the discount rate considered reasonable? Was the value conclusion by the Income Approach using Direct Capitalization well supported? Was the value estimated by the Income Approach utilizing Direct Capitalization one of the approaches relied heavily upon by the appraiser? Remarks
RECONCILIATION
USPAP SR SMT or AO
Yes
No
N/A
PG
Acceptable?
X
YES
87.
88. 89.
SR 1-4(c)(iii)
X X X
YES YES
90. 91.
YES
YES
Did the reconciliation take into account the approaches used, listing the strengths and weaknesses of each? Was the value reconciliation appropriate and supported? Was an estimate of reasonable exposure time made? Was an estimate of reasonable marketing time made? Was the exclusion of any approaches adequately explained? Would the reviewer have excluded the approaches? Were deductions relevant to proposed construction, completed properties that are partially leased, or subdivision tract developments with unsold units (or lots) projected and deducted (for example deductions for lease-up and holding costs, marketing costs, real estate taxes and other expenses likely to be incurred)?
OTHER USPAP RULES
X X X
X
YES
X
X X
YES
98.
YES
99.
Based on a review of the report, does the appraiser appear to have been impartial, objective and independent without advocating the cause or interest of any party? Does the appraiser appear to have reported predetermined opinions and conclusions? Did the appraiser use or rely on unsupported conclusions relating to characteristics such as race, color, religion, national origin, gender, marital status, familial status, age, receipt of public assistance, income, handicap, or an unsupported conclusion that homogeneity of such characteristics is necessary to maximize value?
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X
Ethics Rule
YES
100.
Ethics Rule
YES
101.
Ethics Rule
YES
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Question 102. Is the reviewer aware of the payment of any undisclosed fees, commissions or things of value in connection with procurement of this assignment? Based on a review of credentials and the report, does the appraiser have the geographic and specific property type competence for this type of appraisal? Does the appraisers scope of work decision appear to be reasonable in light of the complexity of the project and the intended use of the report? Did the appraiser gather and analyze sufficient data to properly identify the appraisal problem to be solved? Are the appraisers assignment results credible? Is there sufficient data and information within the report to allow the intended user to understand the scope of work performed? Did the appraiser comply with the engagement letter? Does the report comply with USPAP? Were there any editing issues (ghosts), redundancies, math errors, boilerplate, frequency of inconsistencies between narrative and the summaries? If this is an appraisal for a federally related real estate transaction, (a) does it comply with USPAP, (b) is it written and contain sufficient information analysis; (c) does it contain appropriate deductions and discounts; (d) is based on the interagency definition of Market Value; and (e) is prepared by an appropriate appraiser who is licensed in the state in which the property is located? If personal property, trade fixtures, other intangibles or items that are not real property that constitute a significant portion of value separately valued and labeled? If the property is a lodging facility (hotel or motel, senior care facility), health care facility or a special use property, and has an element of value referred to as Business Enterprise Value as part of the Going Concern Value, was it separately labeled?
Yes
No
N/A
PG
Acceptable?
YES
103.
Ethics Rule
YES
104.
Scope of Work Rule Scope of Work Rule Scope of Work Rule Scope of Work Rule
X X X X
YES
YES
YES
YES
X
FIRREA
YES YES
X X
USPAP
YES
111.
FIRREA
YES
X
SR 1-4(g)
YES
112.
X
SR 1-4(g)
YES
113.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6. 7.
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9.
10. 11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
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19.
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Addenda
Appraisal Institute
The Appraisal Institute, the professional organization that awards the MAI and SRA appraisal designations, conducts a program of continuing education only for its designated members. Associate and Affiliated Members may attend educational courses and seminars, but they do not receive continuing education credit from the Appraisal Institute.
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Copyright Protection
Copyright 2011
RMG Appraisers Redding, California 96099 All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, nor may any portion be incorporated into any information retrieval system without written permission from RMG Appraisers, the copyright holder. The descriptions, analyses, and conclusions stated herein are intended for the exclusive use of our client, and other specifically identified intended users.
End of Report
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