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! Medical errors
1. MEDICAL ERRORS Prepared By Dr. Anees AlSaadi Community Medicine Resident R3 Jan. 2013
2. OUTLINE • Definitions Related To Medical Errors. • Classification. • Burden Of The Medical Errors. • Settings And The Most Common Type. •
Factors Result In Medical Errors. • Prevention of The Medical Errors.
3. Medical Errors • SIDE EFFECTS. • MEDICAL ERROR. • SENTINEL EVENTS. • RISK THEREOF. • MEDICATION ERRORS.
4. MEDICAL ERROR • Failure to complete a planned action as intended or the use of a wrong plan to achieve an aim. • Preventable. • Where … ?
• Which step of health care provision? • What if not preventable. ..?
5. MEDICAL ERROR • What Are the Types of Medical Errors ….. How Can we Classify Medical Errors. ..?
6. Medical Errors Medication Surgical Diagnostic Equipment Failure Infection Blood Transfusion Orders Misinterpretation
7. SENTINEL EVENTS. • Immediate investigation. • An unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical, psychological injury.
Examples
8. RISK THEREOF. • Recognition of a variation in process when an unanticipated recurrence carries the risk of a serious adverse outcome.
Examples
9. MEDICATION ERRORS. – Adverse Event. – Adverse drug Reaction. – Unexpected adverse drug reaction. – Serious adverse event or adverse
drug reaction. What About SIDE EFFECTS …?
10. Burden of the Medical Errors • Realization. • Knowledge. • Underreporting. • Management and Political.
11. Burden of the Medical Errors How Many of You Know or Had Come Cross Any Medical Errors. …..?
12. “We have an epidemic of medical malpractice, not of malpractice lawsuits.” University of Pennsylvania law professor Tom Baker Tom
Baker, The Medical Malpractice Myth, 2005.
13. Burden of the Medical Errors • (2004) HealthGrades report stated that annual deaths attributable to medical errors may be as high as
195,000 deaths. • This number compared to other causes of death is exceeded only by heart disease (700,142) and cancer (553,768).
HealthGrades. In-Hospital Deaths from Medical Errors at 195,000 Per Year, HealthGrades Study Finds. Available at
http://www.healthgrades.com/media/DMS/pdf/InhosptialDeathsPatientSafetyPres sRelease072704.pdf.
14. Burden of the Medical Errors • The Institute of Medicine’s (IOM) estimated as many as 98,000 people die every year at a cost of $29 billion. 1
To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System, Institute of Medicine, 1999 2 Deaths/Mortality, 2005, National Center for Health Care
Statistics at the Centers for Disease Control, viewed at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/deaths.htm.
15. Burden of the Medical Errors • (2010) Department of Health and Human Services found one in seven Medicare recipients. • Accountable for
an estimated 180,000 patients deaths annually.
16. Burden of the Medical Errors • 37.6 $ billion each year and about 17$ billion of these costs are directly associated with medical errors that
are preventable. http://www.vantageproed.com/mederrors/mederrorsc.htm
17. Burden of the Medical Errors • Indirect cost: – patient: • Family. • Job. –Health Care Provider.
18. Medical Errors Setting
19. What Is The Most Common Types Of Medical Errors …. .?
20. The Most Common Type • Wrong-site surgery (13.4%) • Patient suicide (11.9%) • Operative & postoperative complications (10.8%) • Delay in
treatment (8.6%) • Medication errors (8.1%) • Patient falls (6.4%) An analysis of sentinel events reported to the Joint Commission from 1995 to
March 31, 2010 :
21. Medication Errors • Rheumatoid arthritis Patient died a!er receiving an overdose of methotrexate--a 10-milligram Daily Dose Of The Drug
Rather Than The Intended 10- milligram Weekly Dose.
22. Medication Errors • One patient died because 20 units of insulin was abbreviated as "20 U," but the "U" was mistaken for a "zero." As a
result, a dose of 200 units of insulin was accidentally injected.
23. What Are The Causes Of Medical Errors …?
24. Causes Of Medical Errors • Researchers for The Journal of the American Medical Association: –Reluctance of doctors to admit errors . –Lack
of leadership . –Insurance reimbursement system. HealthGrades Report, The HealthGrades Patient Safety Study, [Website] Accessed October
12, 2009. http://www.healthgrades.com/media/DMS/pdf/InhosptialDeathsPatientSafetyPressRelease072704.pdf
25. Causes Of Medical Errors • Incomplete patient information. • Unavailable drug information. • Miscommunication. • Lack of appropriate
labeling. • Environmental factors.
26. Causes Of Medical Errors Donald M. Berwick Administrator of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. USA. “The leading cause of
medical mistakes as the increasing complexity of health care”
27. Prevention • It is simply NOT ACCEPTABLE for patients to be harmed by a health care system that is there to o"er healing and comfort.
28. Prevention • There is no one single solution to this on-going problem but rather MANY SOLUTIONS AND SYSTEMS that must be in place and
working properly to decrease the risk of medical errors.
29. Prevention • The focus must not be ON BLAMING INDIVIDUALS but on LEARNING FROM PAST errors and preventing future ones.
30. How Can We Prevent Medical Errors … ?
31. Prevention • Agency for HealthCare Research an Quality (AHRQ). 30 Safe Practices for improving patient safety. • Systems provided by
Organizations: –The Leapfrog Group. –Joint Commission on Accreditation of HealthCare Organizations (JCAHO). –Hospital Medication Error
Management. (CPOE)
32. Prevention Nine Patient Safety Solutions: • Look-Alike, Sound-Alike Medication Names. • Patient Identification. • Communication During
Patient Hand-Overs. • Performance Of Correct Procedure At Correct Body Site. • Control Of Concentrated Electrolyte Solutions. 2 May 2007 |
Washington/Geneva - WHO is today launching "Nine patient safety solutions"
33. Look-Alike, Sound-Alike Medication Names. • METADATE 10 mg tablets. (ADHD). • Pharmacy dispensed METHADONE 10 mg tablets. Heroin
substitution therapy and analgesic.
34. Prevention Nine Patient Safety Solutions: • Patient Identification. • Communication During Patient Hand-Overs. • Performance Of Correct
Procedure At Correct Body Site. • Control Of Concentrated Electrolyte Solutions. 2 May 2007 | Washington/Geneva - WHO is today launching
"Nine patient safety solutions"
35. Prevention Nine Patient Safety Solutions: • Medication Accuracy At Transitions In Care. • Avoiding Catheter And Tubing Misconnections. •
Single Use Of Injection Devices. • Improved Hand Hygiene To Prevent Health Care- Associated Infection. 2 May 2007 | Washington/Geneva -
WHO is today launching "Nine patient safety solutions"
36. Summary • Medical error of great importance due to high burden. • Ongoing problem worldwide but it is preventable. • Most common in
hospitals & in psychiatric units. • Wrong site in surgery is the most common. • Prevention is one single solution to this on-going problem but
rather many solutions and systems and learning from the past errors.
37. • HIPPOPOTOMONSTROSESQUIPPEDALIOPHOBIA • Fear of long words. • • ARACHIBUTYROPHOBIA • Fear of peanut butter sticking to the
roof of the mouth.
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