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Chapter 6 Summary Notes - Reader View
Chapter 6 Summary Notes - Reader View
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6. Multiple Reactions*
Topics
1. Types of Multiple Reactions Selectivity and Yield
2. Parallel Reactions
3. Reactions in Series
4. Algorithm for Complex Reactions
5. Applications of Algorithm
There are two types of selectivity and yield: Instantaneous and Overall.
Instantaneous Overall
Selectivity
Yield
Example:
To maximize the selectivity of D with respect to U run at high concentration of A and use PFR
Instantaneous selectivity
Species A:
Combined mole balance and rate law for a control volume batch
reactor.
rA=r1A+0
Rate Law
r1A=-k1ACA
Relative Rates
r1B=-r1A
Mole Balance
Species B:
Rate Law
r2B=-k2CB
Relative Rates
Combine
Evaluate
at t = 0, CB = 0
When should you stop the reaction to obtain the maximum amount of B? Let's see.
Then
Species C CC = CA0 - CB - CA
And
in a CSTR
Schemes for maximizing the selectivity for Van Der Vusse Kinetics
Batch
Semibatch
CSTR
PFR
PBR
Rates
NOTE: The reaction rates in the above mole balances are net rates.
The new things for multiple reactions that build on Figure 4-11 and Table 4-6 are
Stoichiometry
NOTE: We could use the gas phase mole balance for liquids and then just express the concentration as
Flow CA = FA/υ0
Batch CA = NA/V0
and take place in a PFR. The feed is equal molar in A and B with FA0 = 200 mol/min and the volumetric
flow rate is 100 dm3/min. The reaction volume is 50 dm3 and the rate constants are
6.6 Multiple Reactions - Sketch what you think the profile will look like a priori
Solution
Liquid PFR
Mole Balances
Net Rates
Rate Laws
Relative Rates
Selectivity
If one were to write SC/D = FC/FD in the Polymath program, Polymath would not execute
because at V = 0, FC = 0 resulting in an undefined volume (infinity) at V = 0. To get around this
problem we start the calculation 10-4 dm3 from the reactor entrance where FD will note be zero
and use the following IF statement.
Stoichiometry
Parameters
The complex liquid phase reactions take place in a 2,500 dm3 CSTR. The feed is equal molar in A and B
with FA0 = 200 mol/min, the volumetric flow rate is 100 dm3/min and the reaction volume is 50 dm3.
Find the concentrations of A, B, C, and D exiting the reactor along with the exiting selectivity.
Plot FA, FB, FC, FD and SC/D as a function of V
Solution
Liquid CSTR
Mole Balances
Net Rates
Rate Laws
Relative Rates
Selectivity
Parameters
The complex gas phase reactions take place in a PFR. The feed is equal molar in A and B with FA0 = 10
mol/min and the volumetric flow rate is 100 dm3/min. The reactor volume is 1,000 dm3, there is no
pressure drop, the total entering concentration is CT0 = 0.2 mol/dm3 and the rate constants are
Solution
Mole Balances
Net Rates
Rate Laws
Relative Rates
Selectivity
Stoichiometry
Parameters
The complex gas phase reactions take place in a catalytic packed bed with C diffusing out the sides. The
feed is equal molar in A and B with FA0 = 10 mol/min and the volumetric flow rate is 100 3/min. The reactor
volume is 50 dm3 and the total entering concentration is CT0 = 0.2 mol/dm3. There is pressure drop and
entering pressure is 100 atm and the rate constants are
The pressure drop parameter αρb = 0.0405 dm-3
Are there a set of conditions whereby (CCsg < CC) and RC changes sign and Species C diffuses back into
the membrane reactor near the exit? Run the Polymath program when αρb = 0 and compare RC with the
Solution
Gas Phase Multiple Reactions in a Catalytic Packed Bed Membrane Reactor with Pressure Drop
Mole Balances
We also need to account for the molar rate desired product C leaving in the sweep gas FCsg
Rate Laws
a. Net rates, rate laws and relative rates same as Liquid and Gas Phase PFR
and Liquid Phase CSTR.
b. Transport Law
Stoichiometry
We need to reconsider our pressure drop equation when one or more species diffuse out of the
reactor. Recall the pressure drop equation is
with
Warning!!
When mass diffuses out of a membrane reactor as there will be a decrease in the superficial
mass flow rate and hence G. To account for this decrease in calculating our pressure drop
parameter , we will take the ratio of the superficial mass velocity at any point in the reactor to
the superficial mass velocity at the entrance to the reactor. The superficial mass flow rates can
be obtained by multiplying the species molar flow rates, Fi, by their respective molecular
weights, MWi, and then summing over all species
Because the smallest molecule is the one diffusing out and has the lowest molecular weight,
we will neglect the changes in the mass flow rate down the reactor and will take as a first
approximation.
Isothermal (T = T0) and multiply both sides of the pressure drop equation by the bulk density,
ρb
Selectivity
Parameters
The complex liquid phase reactions take place in a semibatch reactor where A is fed to B with FA0 = 3
mol/min. The volumetric flow rate is 10 dm3/min and the initial reactor volume is 1,000 dm3.
The maximum volume is 2,000 dm3 and CA0 = 0.3 mol/dm3 and CB0 = 0.2 mol/dm3. Plot CA, CB, CC, CD
and SC/D as a function of time.
Solution
Mole Balances
Net Rates, Rate Laws and relative rates � are the same as Liquid and Gas Phase PFR
and Liquid Phase CSTR.
Stoichiometry
Selectivity
Parameters
* All chapter references are for the 4th Edition of the text Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering .
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