rr CBAPTERD

11IE ENVIRONMENT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

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correspondingly be evaluated to determine their influence upon decision-

making.
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which these are parts. Their impact ,:,pon·the niatter of governing should
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h concern for fundamentals and process-oriented Prine·I A responsive public administration needs to address and adjust to the
oo muc .. th - t . h Ples type an~ level of devel~pm~nt of soeiety. A developing nation, like ours,
~T l'ttl 1
ttention paid'to the rruueu or e env1ronmen wit in Which
an d loo I ea
t be applied could be a pu 1c a minis ration shortco . the
d · · t .
bl' undergoing the modernization process and bent on using the software
. ·pt
pnnct es are o '. . . . ming technology of developed countries, may encounter difficulties because the
. trans·,t,·onal societies undergoing the process of change ·
push of innovation is resisted by the pull of time - honored tradition. For
M ore so in . . 1 and
t The set of traditional pnnetples of POSDCORB were viabl example, economic aid assistance and development projects funded by
eve I op men .
dand . U ,. k · d h e
relevant during the time Gulick an~ _ rwrc come t e acronym for an foreign sources may not always be welcome because of doubts about the
American society not as oomplex as 1t 1s today. Presently, even in our sincerity of donors and commitment Md motivation which underlie assist-
country, the effectiveness of a system or_ of a process should be measured ance programs of political benefactors. This is the typical sentiment of
in terms of what it can do to improve the lives of people and secure for the peoples overwhelmed by the surging tide of nationalism. In a situation such
· '1·f " m as this, the following options may be adopted: (1) The recipient society
at least a minimum "quality 01 1 e. ·
accepts the innovations for change or restructuring including the condition-
Management and administrative principles should be contextualized in alities imposed, welcome foreign aid or funding, and adjust its policies and
programs, to the agreed-upon arrangements just like any client would. (2)
terms of utilitarian and pragmatic value to its client society. More so because
~The patron state studies the ~lture of ~e prospective client _and bas~ on
the pre-occupations and problems of developing societies are different from
0 its findings, constructs an aid and assistance program which takes into
those of developed societies. Administrative technology designed for indus, C\'-account traditional norms and operating procedures. (3) If the modernization
trial societies may only have minimal value to agricultural societies, hence drive is strong, the traditional society retains the unifying elements of its
transfer of administrative models and in-built practices and procedures from institutions and practices and gradually institute reforms and changes when-
other countries should be done selectively. Donald E. Stokes, citing Amen- ever these are perceived necessary for development. It should be _not~,
can experience in international administration, points out that one of its however that cultural relativity requires interpretation of modern1zat1on
shortcomings is the "intensive drive to raise the level of development based not necessarily on western paradigms, but in terms of the "satisficing
administration in Third World countries by implanting budgeting systems, model" indigenously perceived.
personnel management and planning, and other practices without adequate
This raises the issue whether the existing culture should be modified or
studies on how the culture and structures of the client society could affect
the foreign assistance agenda should be restructured to accommodate the
the performance of these principles and the response of the societies being
assisted.
2 domestic cultural environment.

Viewed through the prism of Filipino political ~lture characterized by

Culture and Administration . . ccepted rural - ~ y, _eronounced
strong-family linkages, ~n...a , , •.••• ,,;nlovment almost complete reliance
d. ~ ealth, ~ , ~
. 1· ts ideals ~pa t f r the dispensation of essential services, there is need to
Culture is the composite or learned behaviors, att1tudeS, be': t ;;ts are
,,,, andvalues held by a particular society. 3 Some of these ~ s an f-onI
y bY
U,P-O O goverf ~e: of the indigenous culture. Strong family ties can breed
modify the eatu t d low income opens up avenues for graft and·
widely shared by individuals and groups while others are share ven If nepotism; unemploymen1· an on government results to parasitism and
.
particular specific groups. These values have political stqm re
. ·t· ance eolitical . . mplete re Iance
[1: corruption, co . tro individual initiative and self-reliance. These are
they do not directly involve political matters. Those which haV~ ~uence dependency which des ~ h tand in the way of development and should
~I values comprise the political culture of a society and significantly in ds, 11, features of our culture whic s
po I.Itics
· an d _a d minis
· · t ration.
· ~ _,.1Atv of
Since every culture has its own standar
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