COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH FOR MLS BS SEM

LECTURER: Ms. Justine Nicole Sison, RMT

COLLEGE OF ALLIED MEDICAL PROFESSIONS
LABORATORY | MODULE 4

Module 4: Reproductive Health

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FAMILY PLANNING METHODS REPUBLIC ACT 11648
• The Special Protection of Children Against Abuse and
FAMILY PLANNING Discrimination Act of 2022
• Modern and effective methods • 7 sections
o Number and pace the number of children in the family. • March 7, 2022
• Number and spacing of children. • Pres. Rodrigo R. Duterte
• Assessing the appropriate means • Act 3815, RA 8353, RA 75610
o Two classifications
OUTCOMES OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY
MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT FAMILY PLANNING • Miscarriage
• Family planning = abortion • Abortion
o This is a misconception because family planning helps • Childbirth
reduce abortion as it focuses more on planned
pregnancy. NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING METHODS
• Harmful adverse effects
• Reduces libido RHYTHM METHOD
• Laborious and expensive • Calendar method
• Predict fertile days of a woman.
BENEFITS OF FAMILY PLANNING o Track menstrual cycle for at least 6 periods.
• Pregnancy related health risk o Identify shortest and longest cycle.
o E.g., ectopic pregnancy, in which the embryo is planted o Fertile days will be determined.
in the fallopian tube.
• Reducing infant mortality EXAMPLE
• Preventing HIV/AIDS
• Empowering people and enhancing education
• Reducing adolescent pregnancies
• Slowing population growth

EARLY PREGNANCY
• Unintended and unprepared
• Economic burden

REPUBLIC ACT 10354

• The Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Act of 2012
• 30 sections
• December 21, 2012
• Pres. Benigno S. Aquino III
• RH Law DETERMINING FIRST FERTILE DAY
• Identify the shortest cycle.
SECTION 4. DEFINITION OF TERMS • Subtract 18 from the shortest cycle (x)
• Abortifacient • Count (x) days starting from the first day of the current cycle.
o Drug that induces abortion • (xth) day will be the first fertile day.
• Family planning
o Enables the couple to decide how many children they
will be having.
• Reproductive health
• Reproductive health care

SECTION 7. ACCESS TO FAMILY PLANNING

• All accredited health care facilities
• No person denied of information.
• Minors: consent forms

SECTION 23. PROHIBITED ACTS

• Withholding information
• Refusal to perform procedures

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CONTRACEPTIVE BEADS

DETERMINING LAST FERTILE DAY

• Identify the longest cycle.
• Subtract 11 from the shortest cycle (n) SYMPTO-THERMAL METHODS
• Count (x) days starting from the first day of the current cycle. • Tracking of fertile periods
• (nth) day will be the last fertile day. • Observe changes.
o Cervical mucus
o Body temperature
o Consistency of cervix
BBT METHOD
• Basal Body Temperature Method
o Uses a basal thermometer.
o Ovulation slightly increases temperature.
• Normal temperature: 36.5
• Ovulation temperature: 37

CERVICAL MUCUS METHOD

• Observation of cervical mucus
• Most mucus is produced right before ovulation.
• Clear, slippery, egg white-like

COITUS INTERRUPTUS
• Withdrawal method
• Prevents sperm from entering the vagina.
• Pull-out method
• Proper time withdrawal
• Precautions before having another intercourse.

LACTATION AMENORRHEA METHOD

• Short-term
o Maximum time is only 6 mos.
o W/o the need of artificial breast pump
• Must be naturally breastfed.
• Prolactin and oxytocin

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o Prolactin BACTERIAL
§ Promotes the development of mammary tissues. VAGINOSIS
§ “PROduce” • Neisseria gonorrhoeae
o Oxytocin GONORRHEA
• Gram-negative diplococci
§ Facilitates milk let down. TRICHOMONIASIS • Trichomonas vaginalis
§ Responsible for cervical contraction as stimulating
the nipple can further dilate the cervix.
SURGICAL STERILIZATION
• Normal delivery
NO SCALPEL VASECTOMY
LAM CONDITIONS
• Permanent blockage or cutting of the vas deferens
• The baby must be less than 6 months.
• Keeps sperm out of ejaculated semen.
• No monthly periods w/n that period of 6 mos.
• Reversible
• Fully breastfed
• The baby must be breastfed every 4 hrs.
BILATERAL TUBAL LIGATION
o For delay, the baby must be breastfed in less than 6
hrs. and may only occur once per 24 hrs. • Female sterilization
• Permanent
SUMMARY blockage or
cutting of the
METHOD EFFECTIVENESS fallopian tubes.
Rhythm 91% • Irreversible
Sympto-thermal 98% • Permanent:
Withdrawal 96% Cauterized,
tied, and cut
LAM 98%
• Temporary:
Banded
ARTIFICIAL FAMILY PLANNING METHODS
HORMONAL METHODS
INTRAUTERINE DEVICE (IUD)
• Small, flexible device inserted inside the uterus to prevent
CONTRACEPTIVE PATCHES AND VAGINAL RINGS
the sperm from trying to reach the egg
• Inserted into the uterus. • Continuously releases the hormones estrogen and
progestogen to prevent the release of eggs from the
TWO TYPES ovaries.

• Hormonal IUD BIRTH CONTROL PILLS

o Contains hormone specifically
progestin/levonorgestrel. COMBINED ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES (COCs)
o Thickening increases the consistency of the cervical • Estrogen and progestogen
mucus of the vagina. • Prevent release of eggs
§ Liletta IUD (52mg), Skyla IUD (13.5mg)
§ Kyleena IUD (19.5mg), Mirena IUD (52mg) PROGESTOGEN-ONLY PILLS (POPs)
• Progestogen
• Copper IUD • Thickens cervical mucus.
o Spermicide (kills sperm cells)
o Prevents its meeting with egg. CONTRACEPTIVE IMPLANT
§ Paragard IUD (10-12 years) • Flexible plastic rod
• Site of insertion: Upper arm skin
BARRIER METHODS • Low dose of progestogen
• MALE CONDOMS
o Sheath or covering over a man's penis. SUMMARY
o Barrier that prevents the sperm and egg from meeting
o Prevents STDs METHOD EFFECTIVENESS
• FEMALE CONDOMS IUD >99%
o Sheath or lining that fit loosely inside a woman's Male Condom 98%
vagina. Female Condom 90%
Vasectomy 99.9
S/Sx Tubal ligation 99.5
• Burning sensation Patch, rings, implant >99%
STD • Vaginal/Penile discharge COCs >99%
• Vaginal bleeding POPs 90-97%
• Pain during sexual intercourse
CHLAMYDIA • Chlamydia trachomatis
SYPHILIS • Treponema pallidum

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EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION
• Plan B pill (a brand)
• Increased dose of Levonorgestrel
• 72 hours; 24 hours
• Not an abortion pill

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