Philosophy Syllabus

BACHELOR OF ARTS
(SEMESTER SYSTEM PROGRAMME)
PHILOSOPHY
Syllabus
(Effective from Academic Session 2021-22)
DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY
UNIVERSITY OF LUCKNOW
LUCKNOW – 226007
1
Semester – I
Paper - I
INDIAN PHILOSOPHY - I
Unit - I
 Introduction: Nature and Scope of Philosophy, Conceptual Background of Indian
Philosophy and various understanding of Indian tradition including Grammarians, Shaiva
and Shakti tradition, Introduction to Prasthantrayee and Purusarth-Chatustaya Common
characteristics of Indian Philosophy, Classification of Indian Philosophical Schools :
Āstika and Nāstika
Unit- II
 Sāmkhya: Theory of Causation (Satkāryavāda), Nature of Prakrti, its constituents and
proof for its existence, Evolution of Prakrti, Nature of Purusa and proof for its existence,
Plurality of Purusas, Concept of Bondage and Liberation.
 Yoga: Nature, meaning and objective of yoga, Concept of Ćitta, Ćittabhūmis, Ćittavrtti,
Ćittavrttinirodh The path of yoga (Astāng yoga): yama, Niyama, Āsana, Prānayāma,
Pratyāhār, Dharanā, Dhyān,and Samādhi. Conceptual analysis and importance of yoga.
Nature and Qualities of God.
Unit - III
 Ćārvāka: Epistemology: The denial of Inference, Testimony and Comparison as sources
of knowledge. Metaphysics: The reality of the World, Concept of Soul and God. Ethics:
The denial of Virtue, Vice, Merit, Demerit, Law of Karma. Concept of Liberation,
Transmigration and Ideal of Life.
 Jainism: Concept of Valid forms of knowledge. Perception (Pratyaksa) and mediate
knowledge (Paroksa), Anekāntavāda, The Doctrine of Nayas, Syādvāda and
Saptabhanginaya, Concept of Substance (Dravya), Attributes (Guna) and Modes
(Paryāya) Kinds of substance: Extended (Astikaya) and Un-extended (Anastikaya), Nature
of Bondage and Liberation (Moksa).
Unit - IV
 Buddhism: Four Noble Truths (Ċatvāri āryasatyāni), Theory of Dependent Origination
(Pratityasamutpāda), The wheel of existence (Bhavachakra), Eight Fold Path (astāngik
marg) Doctrine of Momentariness (Ksanabhangavāda), Theory of No-soul
(Anatmyavāda), Concept of Karma, Transmigration and Liberation (Nirvāna), Hinayana
& Mahayana.
Expected Outcomes:
 Clear understanding of the characteristics and features of Indian philosophical schools,
Astik and Nastik.
 Knowledge of Sankhya and Yoga metaphysics and theories of liberation.
 Understanding the Carvaka materialism and it's critical questioning to all classical
systems.
 Understanding Buddhist schools of philosophy their metaphysics and theories of
liberation.
 Understanding Jain epistemology, metaphysics and doctrine of qualified assertions,
Syadvada.
2
Suggested Readings:
Text:
Book References:
1. Datta, D.M. & Chatterjee, S. C., “An Introduction to Indian Philosophy”, Rupa Publication
India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2007.
2. Datta, D.M. & Chatterjee, S. C., “Bhartiya Darshan”, Pustak Mahal, Patna, 2013.
3. Hiriyanna, M., “Outlines of Indian Philosophy”, Motilal Banarasidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.,
Delhi, 2014.
4. Mohanty, J. N., “Classical Indian Philosophy”, Rowman and Littlefield Publishers INL
Maryland, U.S.A., 1992.
5. Pandey, S.L., “Bhartiya Darshan ka Sarvekshana”, Central Publishing House, Allahabad,
2008.
6. Radhakrishnan, S., “Indian Philosophy” (Vol. I & II), Oxford University Press, New Delhi,
2008.
7. Raju, P.T., “The Philosophical Traditions of India”, Motilal Banarasidass Publication Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi, 2009.
8. Sharma, C.D., “A Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy”, Motilal Banarasidass Publication
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2016.
Web References:
1. Suggestive digital platforms web link http://www.heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/Home.aspx
3
Semester – I
Paper - 2
LOGIC – I (INDIAN)
Unit - I
 Indian Logic: Definition, Nature and Scope,
 Nature of Knowledge
Unit - II
 Pramā and Apramā, Pramāṇa: Nature and Its different kind,
 Perception according to Nyāya
Unit - III
 Inference: According to Nyāya, Buddhism, Jainism.
 Verbal Testimony, Upamāna, Arthāpatti, Anuplabdhi
Unit - IV
 Prāmāṇyavāda: Svataḥ and Parataḥ Prāmāṇyavāda,
 Khyātivāda: Theory of Error
EXPECTED OUTCOMES:
 Understanding relation between logic and epistemology in classical Indian philosophy.
 Understanding distinction between valid and invalid knowledge and sources of
knowledge in Nyaya, Jainism and Bhuddhism.
 Understanding differences between mediate and immediate inferences
 Understanding unique theories of error
 After one semester of study the student would be able to comprehend the fundamental
issues and basic problems discussed in the field of Logic through distinct terminologies,
methods, approaches and arguments provided by the prominent thinkers and
traditional schools of India.
 The study of this course will provide a smooth entry in the field of analysis,
argumentation, theory-formation and criticism. It may also be useful for various
competitive examinations, academics, government and even private sector job (Human
Resource, Ethics-Observer and Philosophical Counselor).
Suggested Readings:
Text:
1. Bijalvan, C.D., “Bhartiya Nyayashastra”, Uttar Pradesh Hindi Sansthana, Lucknow, 1983.
Reference Books:
1. Bandishtey, Dr. D.D. & Sharma, Dr. Ramashankar, “Bhartiya Darshnik Nibandh” (ed.),
Madhya Pradesh Hindi Grantha Academy, Bhopal, 2008.
2. Barlingay, S.S., “A Modern Introduction to Indian Logic”, Orient Book Distributers, New
Delhi, 1976.
4
4. Chatterjee, S.C., “The Nyaya Theory of Knowledge”, Rupa Publication, New Delhi, 2015.
5. Ganeri, Jonardon, “Indian Logic: A Reader” (ed.), Routledge, New York, 2017.
6. Maitra, S.K., “Fundamental Questions of Indian Metaphysics & Logic”, Chakraverty,
Chatterjee & Co. Ltd., Calcutta, 1956.
7. Pandey, S.L., “Jñāna, Mulya evam Sat”, Central Publishing House, Allahabad, 1988.
8. Shastri, S. Kuppuswami, “A Primer of Indian Logic”, KSRI Mylapore, Madras, 1951.
9. Tiwari, Kedarnath, “Bhartiya Tarkshastra Parichaya (An Introduction to Indian Logic)”,
Motilal Banarasidass, Delhi, 2014.
10. Tiwari, N.P., “Bhartiya tarkshastra (Indian Logic)”, PHI Learning Private Limited, Delhi,
2009.
Web Reference:
1. http://www.heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/Home.aspx.
2. https://lkouniv.ac.in/en/article/e-content-faculty-of-arts
3. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0hr1zy5MnrEm5IgIJ_Unzg/about
4. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCM5w767XWU2jA6m6Bbt2cEQ
5
Semester – II
Paper - 3
INDIAN PHILOSOPHY - II
Unit - I
 Nyāya Philosophy: Concept of valid Cognition (Pramā), its instruments (Pramāna) and
the known object (Prameya), Perception (Pratyaksha): Definition, Sannikarsa,
Classification of Pratyaksa: Nirvikalpaka, Savikalpaka, Laukika, Alaukika, Inference
(Anumāna): Definition, Vyāpti, Parāmarśa, Classification of Anumana: Svārthānumāna,
Parārthānumana, Fallacies of Inference (hetvābhāsa) Comparison (Upamāna),
Testimony(Śabda Pramāna). Theory of Causation (Asatkāryavāda), Concept of God and
Soul.
Unit II
 Vaiśesika Philosophy: Seven Categories (Padārthas): Substance(Dravya), Quality (Guna),
Action (Karma),Universal (Sāmānya), Particular (Viśesa), Inherence (Samavāya), Non-
existence (Abhāva).
 Mimāmsā Philosophy: Presumption (Arthāpatti) and Non-apprehension (Anupalabdhi)
as sources of knowledge. Theory of Intrinsic Validity (Swatahprāmānyavāda) and
Extrinsic Invalidity (Paratahaprāmānyavāda), Concept of Dharma and Apūrva.
Unit - III
 Advaita Vedānta: Sankara's view of Brahman: Indeterminate (Nirguna) and Determinate
(Saguna) Brahman, Three Levels of Reality (Sattā): Ontological (Pāramārthika), Empirical
(Vyavahārika) and imaginary (Prātibhāsika), Concept of Jiva, Jagat and Māyā, Bondage
and Liberation.
Unit - IV
 Visistādvaita Vedānta: Ramanuja's view of Brahman, Jíva and jagat, Refutation of the
doctrine of Māyā, Moksha.
Expected Outcome:
 Understanding in detail theories, sources and principles of knowledge in indian system
of prachin and navya Nyaya and Mimamsa.
 Understanding the metaphysics of Indian atomists Vaishesikas, Nyaya, Advait Vedant
and Vishistadvait.
 Understanding doctrines of levels of reality, bondage and liberation in classical Indian
philosophy with reference to the two schools of vedant.
Suggested Readings:
Text:
Book References:
1. Datta, D.M. & Chatterjee, S. C., “An Introduction to Indian Philosophy”, Rupa Publication India
3. Hiriyanna, M., “Outlines of Indian Philosophy”, Motilal Banarasidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd., Delhi,
2014.
4. Mohanty, J. N., “Classical Indian Philosophy”, Rowman and Littlefield Publishers INL Maryland,
U.S.A., 1992.
6
5. Pandey, S.L., “Bhartiya Darshan ka Sarvekshana”, Central Publishing House, Allahabad, 2008.
6. Radhakrishnan, S., “Indian Philosophy” (Vol. I & II), Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2008.
7. Raju, P.T., “The Philosophical Traditions of India”, Motilal Banarasidass Publication Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi, 2009.
9. Sharma, C.D., “A Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy”, Motilal Banarasidass Publication Pvt.
Web References:
1. Suggestive digital platforms web link http://www.heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/Home.aspx
7
Semester – II
Paper - 4
LOGIC – II (WESTERN)
Unit - I
 Logic and arguments, deductive and inductive arguments, truth and validity
 Functions of language, Definition.
 Categorical Propositions and classes: quality, quantity and distribution of terms,
translating categorical propositions into standard form
Unit – II
 Immediate inferences: Conversion, obversion and Contraposition, Traditional Square of
opposition and immediate inferences. Categorical syllogism: Standard form of
Categorical Syllogism, The formal nature of syllogistic argument, Rules and fallacies.
Boolean interpretation of categorical propositions; Venn diagram technique for testing
Syllogism, Hypothetical and Disjunctive Syllogism, Enthymeme, Dilemma.
Unit – III
 Induction: Argument by Analogy, Appraising analogical arguments, refutation by Logical
analogy. Causal, Connections: Cause and effect, the meaning of “Cause”, Induction by
simple enumeration; Mill’s methods of experimental inquiry, Criticism of Mill’s method.
Unit – IV
 Symbolic Logic: The value of special symbols; Truth-functions; Symbols for Negation,
Conjunctions, Disjunctions, Conditional Statements and Material Implications.
Tautologous, Contradictory and Contingent Statement-forms; The three laws of thought.
Testing statement-form and statement & validity of argument-form and argument by
the method of truth-table. Science and Hypothesis: Scientific and Unscientific
explanation, criteria of evaluation of hypothesis.
EXPECTED OUTCOMES:
 Understanding meaning and functions of logic, its relation to language and its different
techniques of testing.
 Proficiency in examination of validity of arguments finding correct fallacies.
 After one semester of study the student would be able to comprehend the fundamental
issues and basic problems discussed in the field of Logic through distinct terminologies,
methods, approaches and arguments provided by the prominent thinkers and
traditional schools.
Resource, Philosophical Counselor).
Suggested Readings:
Text:
1. Copi, Irving M., Cohen, Carl & McMohan, Kenneth, “Introduction to Logic”, Pearson
India Education Service Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, 2016. Fourteenth Edition.
8
Reference Books:
1. Chakraborti, Chhanda, “Logic: Informal, Symbolic & Inductive”, PHI Learning Private
Limited, Delhi, 2016. Second Edition.
2. Cohen & Nagel, “Introduction to Logic and Scientific Method”, Read Books, India, 2008.
3. Copi, Irving M., Cohen, Carl & McMohan, Kenneth, “Introduction to Logic”, Pearson
India Education Service Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, 2016. Fourteenth Edition.
4. Pathak, Rammurti, “Tarkashastra Praveshika”, Abhimanyu Prakashan, Allahabad, 2004.
5. Seth, Shyam Kishor & Mishra, Neelima, “Tarkashastra: Ek Adhunik Parichaya”,
Lokabharti Prakashan, Allahabad, 2004
Web References:
1. http://www.heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/Home.aspx
2. http://www.heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/Home.aspx.
3. https://lkouniv.ac.in/en/article/e-content-faculty-of-arts
4. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0hr1zy5MnrEm5IgIJ_Unzg/about
5. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCM5w767XWU2jA6m6Bbt2cEQ
9
Semester III
Paper - 5
WESTERN PHILOSOPHY - I
________________________________________________________________________
Unit - I
 Nature, Scope & Definition of Philosophy: Origin, traits & some prominent debates,
Distinction between Western & Indian Philosophy: Some Prominent Positions, Historical
Background of Western Philosophy, Greek Philosophy: Plato and Aristotle: Ideas,
Substance, Form and Matter, Causation, Actuality and Potentiality. Glimpse of Medieval
Age Philosophy.
Unit – II
 Basic traits of Rationalism
 Descartes: Cartesian Method of Doubt, Cogito Ergo Sum, Criterion of Truth, Types of
Ideas, Proofs for the Existence of God, Mind-Body Relation: Interactionism.
Unit - III
 Spinoza: Doctrine of substance, attributes and modes, existence of God, Pantheism,
parallelism.
Unit - IV
 Leibnitz: Monads, truth of reason, truth of facts, innateness of ideas, Doctrine of Pre-
established harmony.
EXPECTED OUTCOMES:
 Understanding the historical development of philosophy in ancient Greece and Europe.
 Understanding classical discussion of rationalism.
 Understanding Cartesian method and its limits.
 Understanding major elements of metaphysics of Descartes, Spinoza and Leibnitz.
 After one year of study, the student would fully understand the Western stream of
Philosophy.
Resource, Ethics-Observer and Philosophical Counsellor).
SUGGESTED READINGS:
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Connor, D.J.O., “A Critical History of Western Philosophy”, Free Press, Parent Company
Simon and Schuster, New York, 1985.
2. Ewing, A.C., “The Fundamental Question of Philosophy”, Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd.,
New York, 2012.
3. Russell, Bertrand, “History of Philosophy”, Routledge, New York, 2004.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
10
1. Falckenberg, R., “History of Modern Philosophy”, Create Space Independent Publishing
Platform, Scotts Valley, Carolina, 2015.
2. Wright, W.K., “A History of Modern Philosophy”, Macmillan Company, Mumbai, 1952.
3. Kenny, Anthony, “A New History of Western Philosophy”, Oxford University Press,
Oxford, 1985.
4. Masih, Y., “A Critical History of Western Philosophy (Greek, Medieval, Modern)”, Motilal
Banarasidass Publication Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2017.
5. Scruton, R, “A Short History of Modern Philosophy from Descartes to Wittgenstein”,
Routledge Publishers, Pustak Mahal, New Delhi, 2001.
6. Srivastava, J.S., “Adhunik Darshan ka Vaijñānik Itihas”, Kitab Mahal, Allahabad, 2012.
7. Sharma, Chandradhar, “Pashchatya Darshan”, Motilal Banarasidass, Delhi, 1998.
8. Thilly, F., “A History of Philosophy”, SBW Publishers, New Delhi, 2018.
9. Upadhyaya, Harishankar, “Pashchatya Darshan ka Udbhav aur Vikas”, Anusheelan
Prakashan, Allahabad, 2004.
WEB REFERENCES:
1. Department of Philosophy, University of Lucknow.
Get access at: https://lkouniv.ac.in/en/article/e-content-faculty-of-arts
2. Philosophy Department, Lucknow University You tube channel:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jQtzJ9OeU3U
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rT_LGVGVc3k
4. Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital library.
Get access at: http://www.heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/Home.aspx
5. Department of Philosophy, Stanford University.
Get access at: https://plato.stanford.edu/
6. Department of Philosophy, James Madison University.
Get access at: http://guides.lib.jmu.edu/philosophy
7. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
Get access at: https://iep.utm.edu/
8. PhilPapers Online Research in Philosophy
Get access at: https://philpapers.org/
11
Semester – III
Paper - 6
ETHICS - I (INDIAN)
Unit – I:
 Ethics of Bhagavadgītā: Niṣkāma Karma-yoga, Sthitiprajña, Lokasaṃgraha, Puruṣārthās
and their inter-relations.
Unit – II:
 Meaning of Dharma, Classification of Dharma: Sāmānya dharma, Viśeṣa dharma,
Sādhāraṇa dharma, Concept of Ṛṇa and Ṛta.
Unit – III:
 The general features of Jaina and Bauddha Ethics: Triratna and Kaivalya, Four Noble
truth, Arhat and Bodhisattva- Ideals in Buddhism
Unit – IV:
 Ethics of Gandhi: Eleven vows, Sarvodaya, Concept of seven sins, Doctrine of
Trusteeship
Expected Outcomes:
 Understanding the idea of Morality, moral principles and soteriology in Indian
philosophy.
 Understanding the ethical principles of Bhagwatgeeta with special reference to
Nihsreyas and Loksamgrah.
 Understanding critical terms i.e. Dharma, Rta, Rna and related classifications.
 Understanding Buddhist and Jain ethics.
 Understanding Mahatma Gandhi's ideals of morality.
Suggested Readings:
Text:
Book References:
1. Dasgupta, Surama, “Development of Moral Philosophy in India”, Munshiram Manoharlal
Publication, New Delhi, 1994.
2. Frankena, W., “Ethics”, Pearson, New Delhi, 1998.
3. Maitra, S.K., “The Ethics of the Hindus”, Calcutta University Press, Calcutta, 1963.
4. Pandey, S.L., “Neetishastra ka Sarvekshana”, Central Publishing House, Allahabad, 1992.
5. Satyanarayana, Y.V., “Ethics: Theory and Practice”, Pearson, New Delhi, 2009.
6. Shaida, S.A., “Problems of Ethics”, Spectrum Publications, Delhi, 2003.
7. Sharma, I.C., “Ethical Philosophies of India”, Johnsen Publishing, U.S.A., 1965.
8. Tewari, K.N., “Classical Indian Ethical Thought”, Motilal Banarasidass, New Delhi, 1998.
9. Verma, Ved Prakash, “Neetishastra ke Mool Siddhanta”, Hindi Madhyam Karyanvayan
Nideshalaya, New Delhi, 1991.
Web References:
1. Suggestive digital platforms web links- http://www.heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/Home.aspx
12
Semester –IV
Paper - 7
WESTERN PHILOSOPHY - II
Unit - I
 Basic Traits of Empiricism
 Locke: Refutation of Innate Ideas, Origin and formation of Ideas, Simple and Complex
Ideas, Substances, Modes and Relations, Nature of Knowledge and its degrees, Limits of
Knowledge, Primary and Secondary qualities.
Unit - II
 Berkeley: Refutation of Abstract Ideas, Criticism of Locke's distinction between Primary
and Secondary qualities, Immaterialism, Esse-est-Percipi, Role of God.
Unit - III
 Hume: Impression and Ideas, Distinction between judgments concerning relations of
ideas and judgments concerning matters of fact, Theory of Causality, Theory of Self and
Personal Identity, Scepticism
Unit - IV
 Kant: Conception of Critical Philosophy, Distinction between Apriori and Aposteriori
Judgments, Distinction between Analytic and Synthetic judgments, Possibility of
Synthetic Apriori judgments.
 Post-Kantian Philosophy: Principle characteristics of Pragmatism, Positivism,
Phenomenology, Existentialism and Analytical Philosophy
EXPECTED OUTCOMES:
 Understanding the key characters and historical context of empiricism in Europe.
 Understanding key criticisms of rationalism and its limits.
 Understanding Locke, Berkley and Hume's concepts of ideas, impressions, qualities and
related distinctions.
 Understanding Kant's critical philosophy.
 Understanding key features of post Kantian philosophy including pragmatism,
positivism, phenomenology, existentialism and analytic philosophy.
 After one year of study, the student would fully understand the Western stream of
Philosophy.
argumentation, theory-formation and criticism.
 It may also be useful for various competitive examinations, academics, government and
even private sector job (Human Resource, Ethics-Observer and Philosophical
Counsellor).
SUGGESTED READINGS:
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Connor, D.J.O., “A Critical History of Western Philosophy”, Free Press, Parent Company
Simon and Schuster, New York, 1985.
13
2. Ewing, A.C., “The Fundamental Question of Philosophy”, Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd.,
New York, 2012.
3. Russell, Bertrand, “History of Philosophy”, Routledge, New York, 2004.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
3. Kenny, Anthony, “A New History of Western Philosophy”, Oxford University Press,
Oxford, 1985.
Banarasidass Publication Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2017.
5. Scruton, R, “A Short History of Modern Philosophy from Descartes to Wittgenstein”,
Routledge Publishers, Pustak Mahal, New Delhi, 2001.
6. Srivastava, J.S., “Adhunik Darshan ka Vaijñānik Itihas”, Kitab Mahal, Allahabad, 2012.
WEB REFERENCES:
2. Philosophy Department, Lucknow University You tube Channel:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rT_LGVGVc3k
14
Semester- IV
Paper - 8
ETHICS - II (WESTERN)
Unit - I
 Nature and scope of Ethics, Classification of Ethics: Normative Ethics, Meta Ethics and
Applied Ethics, Moral and non-moral actions, Object of Moral Judgement-Motive and
Intention, Ends and Means. ‘Value’ as Standard of Morality.
Unit - II
 Theories of Ethics: Teleological and Deontological. Postulates of Morality, Problem of
Free Will and Determinism, Plato’s Republic and Aristotle’s Nichomachean Ethics
Unit – III
 Standards of Morality: Hedonism: Ethical and Psychological, Utilitarianism: Bentham and
Mill, Intuitionism: Butler’s Theory of Conscience as the ultimate standard of Moral
Judgement
Unit – IV
 Kant’s Ethical Theory: Holy Will & Good will, Duty for Duty’s sake, Categorical Imperative
 Crime and Theories of Punishment, Issue of Capital punishment.
Expected Outcomes:
 Understanding distinctions between morality, ethics, normative ethics, meta ethics and
applied ethics.
 Understanding problems related to free will and determinism.
 Understanding distinction between deontological and teleological theories.
 Understanding some ethical principles like hedonism, utilitarianism and intutionism.
 Understanding some theories of crime and punishment.
Suggested Readings:
Text:
Book References:
1. Sinha, J.N., “A Manuel of Ethics”, Central Publishing House, New Delhi.
2. Lillie, William, “An Introduction to Ethics”, Surjeet Publications, New Delhi.
6. Verma, Ved Prakash, “Neetishastra ke Mool Siddhanta”, Hindi Madhyam Karyanvayan
Nideshalaya, New Delhi, 1991.
Web References:
15
Semester – V
Paper - 9
PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION
______________________________________________________________________________
Unit – I
 Nature and Scope of Philosophy of Religion, Distinction of Philosophy of Religion,
Religion and Theology, Religion, Science and Morality, Religion: Constructed or
Evolved?, Anthropological & Psychological perspectives regarding origin of Religion.
Unit – II
 Foundations of Religious Belief: Intuition, Revelation, Faith and Mystical experience,
Attributes of God: Metaphysical and Moral Attributes.
Unit – III
 Arguments for the Existence of God: Ontological, Cosmological, Teleological and Moral
Arguments, Nyāya arguments (with reference to the discussion in Udayana’s
Nyayakusumanjali
Unit – IV
 The problem of Evil and its solutions, Nature of Religious Language: Analogical and
Symbolic, Cognitive and Non-cognitive.
EXPECTED OUTCOMES:
 Understanding distinctions between religion, philosophy of religion, Science and
theology.
 Understanding debates about foundations of religious belief.
 Understanding arguments to prove the existence of God in classical and Indian
philosophy.
 Understanding problems regarding existence of evil and conflicts in attributes of god.
 Understanding different theories of religious language.
 After one semester of study, the student would fully understand the notion of religion
and its philosophical exposition.
Counsellor).
SUGGESTED READINGS:
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Bhattacharya, H.D., “Foundations of Living Faith”, Motilal Banarasidass, New Delhi,
1994. Second Edition.
2. Davies, Brian, “An Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion”, Oxford University Press,
New York, 2004. Third Edition.
3. Hick, John, H., “Philosophy of Religion”, Pearson India Educational Services Private Ltd.,
New Delhi, 2016. Fourth Edition.
16
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Masih, Y., “Tulnatmaka Dharma-Darshan”, Motilal Banarasidass, New Delhi, 2018.
2. Pandey, Rishi Kant, “Dharma-Darshan”, Pearson India Educational Services Private Ltd.,
New Delhi, 2016.
3. Verma, Ved Prakash, “Dharma Darshan Ki Mool Samasyaein”, Hindi Madhyam
Karyanvyan Nideshalaya, Delhi Vishvavidyalaya, Delhi, 2010.
4. Taylor Mathew (ed.), “Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Religion”, Routledge.
WEB REFERENCES:
17
Semester – V
Paper – I0
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY – I (Indian)
Unit - I
 Nature and scope of Social and Political Philosophy, Relation between Social and
Political Philosophy, individual, Society and State, Basic concepts of social and political
origination
Unit - II
 Tradition, change and modernity with special reference to Indian social institutions,
Gender discrimination: Female foeticide, Land and property rights, Empowerment and
Caste discrimination,
Unit - III
 Humanism, Secularism, Multi-culturalism, Feminism. Means of Political Action:
Constitutionalism, Revolutionism, Terrorism, Satyagraha. Kautilya’s theory of State and
Sovereignty, Vedic and Smriti accounts of State: Mandal and Saptang.
Unit - IV
 Nationalism, Cosmopolitanism, Pluralism, Multiculturalism
Expected Outcomes:
 Understanding nature of social and political philosophy.
 Understanding basic concepts of individual, society, state and political organization.
 Understanding classical Indian accounts of state and sovereignty from Vedas and
Kautilya.
 Understanding concepts in debates on nationalism, cosmopolitanism, pluralism and
multiculturalism.
 Understanding notions of empowerment, discriminations and justice.
Suggested Readings:
Text:
Book References:
1. Rajyashree, “Darshan, Manav evam Samaj”, Madhya Pradesh Hindi Granth Academy,
Bhopal, 2006.
2. Gauba, O.P., “Social and Political Philosophy”, Mayur Books, New Delhi, 2018. Fifth
Edition.
3. Joad, C.E.M., “Introduction to Modern Political Theory”, Oxford University Press,
London, 1953.
4. Joad, C.E.M., “A Guide to Modern Thought”, Kessinger Publishing LLC, USA, 2007.
5. Mackenzie, J.S., “Outlines of Social Philosophy”, George Allen & Unwin Ltd., London,
2003.
6. Pandey, S.L., “Samaj Darshan ki ek Pranali”, Asia Prakashan, Allahabad, 1984.
18
7. Pathak, Rammurti, “Samajik-Rajnitik Darshan ki Ruprekha”, Abhimanyu Prakashan,
Allahabad, 2008.
8. Raphael, D.D., “Problems of Political Philosophy”, Macmillan Press Ltd., Hampshire,
London, 1990. 9. Singh, Shiv Bhanu, “Samaj Darshan”, Sharda Pustak Bhawan,
Allahabad, 2008.
Web References:
19
Semester- V
Paper 11-A
GREEK & MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY
Unit - I
 Definition, Nature and Scope of Philosophy: Origin, traits and issues of Greek
Philosophy: Some prominent debates. Pre-Socratic Philosophers: Cosmogonists (Thales,
Anaximander, Anaximenes, Empedocles, Anaxagoras), Pythagoras: Number, universe
and soul, Heraclitus: Logos, Becoming, Paramenides: Being and Becoming, Atomists
(Democritus & Leucippus).
Unit – II
 Golden Age: Sophists: Relativism & Scepticism, Socrates: The Socratic Method,
Knowledge and Virtue, Plato: Distinction between knowledge and opinion, knowledge
as recollection, Theory of Forms, Idea of God and Soul, Aristotle: Response to tradition,
Being and Becoming. Theory of Causation, Substance as a Category: Form and Matter,
Potentiality and Actuality, God.
Unit-III
 Post-Aristotelian Philosophy: A Brief Glance of Epicureans & Stoic Philosophy (Early,
Middle & Later Stoics), Factors responsible for decline of Greek Philosophy, Change in
the nature of philosophical problems.
Unit – IV
 Medieval Philosophy: Three Phases (Early, High and Low Middle Ages), St. Augustine:
Problem of Evil, St. Anselm: Ontological Argument, Essense and existence. St. Thomas
Aquinas: Faith and reason, “The Five Ways” (Summa Theologica). Critical Evaluation of
Medieval Age Philosophy.
EXPECTED OUTCOMES:
 Understanding the historical development and key features of pre Socratic
cosmogonists.
 Understanding critical methods of sophists, Socrates and Plato.
 Understanding basic metaphysics of Plato, Aristotle, epicureans and Stoics philosophy.
 Understanding development of philosophy in medieval times in Europe.
 After one semester of study, the student would fully understand the original roots of
Western stream of Philosophy through terminologies, methods, approaches and
arguments provided by the classical thinkers.
Counselor).
SUGGESTED READINGS:
20
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Stace, W.T., A Critical History of Greek Philosophy, Macmillan Publishers India, 2010.
2. Coplestone, Fredrick, A History of Philosophy, Vol.I, Continuum International Publishing
House, 2003.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. William Keith Chambers Guthrie, A History of Greek Philosophy: Volume 1, The Earlier
Presocratics and the Pythagoreans, 1962.
2. Russell, Bertrand, A History of Western Philosophy, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1972.
3. A.A. Long, Hellenistic Philosophy. University of California, 1992. (2nd Ed.)
4. Baird, Forrest E.; Kaufmann, Walter, From Plato to Derrida. Upper Saddle River, New
Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hal, 2008.
5. Nikolaos Bakalis (2005). Handbook of Greek Philosophy: From Thales to the Stoics
Analysis and Fragments, Trafford Publishing
6. John Burnet, Early Greek Philosophy, 1930.
7. Freeman, Charles, Egypt, Greece and Rome, Oxford University Press, 1996.
8. Grayling, A. C. (2019-11-05). The History of Philosophy, Penguin, 2019.
9. Martin Litchfield West, Early Greek Philosophy and the Orient, Oxford, Clarendon Press,
1971.
WEB REFERENCES:
1. http://www.hellenism.net
21
Semester V
Paper 11-B
PROBLEMS OF PHILOSOPHY – I (Indian)
Unit - I
 Theories of World and Creation: Materialism, Paramanukaranavada,
Prakritiparinamavada, Mayavada, Brahmaparinamavada
 Theories of Causality: Satkaryavada, Asatkaryavada, Parinamavada,
Prakritiparinamavada, Vivartavada.
Unit – II
 Nature of Soul and God: Upanishadic, Charvaka, Jainism, Buddism, Nyaya, Vaisheshika,
Sankhya, Yoga, Mimamsa, Vedanta, Integral Humanism
 Theories of Liberation: Orthodox and Heterodox
Unit - III
 Theories of Knowledge: Nature of Prama, Pramana, Prameya, Pramanyavada in Nyaya,
Mimamsa and Buddhism
 Theories of Error: Akhyati, Viparitakhyati, Anyathakhyati, Satkhyati, Anirvachaniyakhyati
Unit – IV
 Concepts and Theories of Meaning: Akanksha, Yogyata, Sannidhi, Tatparya,
Abhihitanvayavada, Anvitabhidhanavada, Sphotavada
Expected Outcomes:
 Understanding classical debates on causality and substance.
 Understanding debates on the existence of self, soul and god in Indian philosophy.
 Understanding theories of liberation in classical Indian philosophy.
 Understanding Indian epistemology and its characters.
 Understanding debates in Indian philosophy of language about word and meaning.
Suggested Readings:
Text:
Book References:
1. Datta, D.M. & Chatterjee, S. C., “An Introduction to Indian Philosophy”, Rupa Publication India
3. Hiriyanna, M., “Outlines of Indian Philosophy”, Motilal Banarasidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd., Delhi,
2014.
4. Mohanty, J. N., “Classical Indian Philosophy”, Rowman and Littlefield Publishers INL Maryland,
U.S.A., 1992.
5. Pandey, S.L., “Bhartiya Darshan ka Sarvekshana”, Central Publishing House, Allahabad, 2008.
7. Raju, P.T., “The Philosophical Traditions of India”, Motilal Banarasidass Publication Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi, 2009.
9. Sharma, C.D., “A Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy”, Motilal Banarasidass Publication Pvt.
22
Web References:
Suggestive digital platforms web link http://www.heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/Home.aspx
Semester – V
Paper 11-C
PROBLEMS OF KNOWLEDGE
Unit I
 A.J.Ayer : Problem of Knowledge (Chapter-I). Method of philosophy, common features
of knowledge. Knowledge as a state of mind, right to be sure.
Unit II
 A.J.Ayer : Problem of Knowledge (Chapter-II). Philosophical skepticism, quest for
certainty, I think therefore I am, immunity from doubt, public and private language.
Pattern of skeptical arguments.
Unit III
 A.J.Ayer : Problem of Knowledge (Chapter-III). Are physical objects directly perceived.
Arguments from illusion. Sense data and its legitimacy.
Unit IV
 A.J.Ayer : Problem of Knowledge (Chapter- IV & V). types of memory. Analysis of
statements about the past. Memory and precognition. Personal identity, privacy of
experience, thesis of physicalism, statements about other minds.
EXPECTED OUTCOMES:
 Clear understanding of the philosophical views of the logical positivist A J Ayer on
critical questions of knowledge, personal identity, memory, privacy and other minds.
 After one semester of study, the student would be able to comprehend the
fundamental issues and basic problems discussed in the field of Logical Positivism
through its distinct terminology and methodology.
Counsellor).
SUGGESTED READINGS:
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Ayer, A.J, The Problems of Knowledge, Macmillan, London, 1956
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Ayer, A.J., Language, Truth, and Logic, 1936, London: Gollancz. (2nd ed., 1946.)
Reprinted 2001 with a new introduction, London: Penguin.
2. Ayer, A.J., The Foundations of Empirical Knowledge, London: Macmillan, 1940
23
3. Ayer, A.J., Philosophical Essays, London: Macmillan (Essays on freedom,
phenomenalism, basic propositions, utilitarianism, other minds, the past, ontology.)
1954.
4. Friedman, Michael, Reconsidering Logical Positivism, New York: Cambridge University
Press, 1999.
WEB REFERENCES:
24
Semester – VI
Paper - 12
PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION
Unit – I
 KEY CONCEPTS IN EDUCATION
 IDEALISM AND EDUCATION
 REALISM AND EDUCATION
 PRAGMATISM AND EDUCATION
Unit – II
 INDIAN PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION- VEDIC AND BUDDHIST.
 GANDHI, TAGORE, ARVINDO, VIVEKANAND AND EDUCATION
Unit – III
 PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION: PLATO, ARISTOTLE
 PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION: LOCKE, ROUSSEAU
 PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION: DEWEY AND PAULO FREIRE
Unit – IV
 EXISTENTIALISM, PHENOMENOLOGY AND EDUCATION
 ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY AND EDUCATION
 MARXISM AND EDUCATION
 POSTMODERNISM AND EDUCATION
EXPECTED OUTCOMES:
 Understanding key concepts of philosophy of education.
 Understanding philosophies of education of Wstern thinkers (Plato, Aristotle, Rousseau,
Friere) and ancient/modern Indian thinkers.
 Understanding relationship between education and philosophical schools of idealism,
realism, existentialism, Marxism and analytical philosophy.
 After one semester of study, the student would be able to comprehend the
fundamental issues and basic problems discussed in the field of Philosophy of Education
through distinct terminologies, methods, approaches and arguments provided by the
prominent thinkers.
Counsellor).
SUGGESTED READINGS:
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Cahn, Steven M. , Classic and Contemporary Readings in the Philosophy of Education, (2nd
ed.) 2011.
2. Hospers John, An Introduction to Philosophical Analysis, 4th Print, Routledge.
25
3. Ewing, Alfred C., The Fundamental Questions of Philosophy, Routledge Revivals, 2013.
4. Kabir, Humayun, Indian Philosophy of Education , Asia publishing house, 1964.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Bailey, Richard, The Philosophy of Education: An Introduction, 2014.
2. Noddings, Nel, Philosophy of Education, 2015.
3. Siegel, Harvey , The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Education, 2012, OUP.
4. Baird, Forrest E.; Kaufmann, Walter, From Plato to Derrida. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey:
Pearson Prentice Hal, 2008.
WEB REFERENCES:
26
Semester – VI
Paper - 13
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY- II (WESTERN)
______________________________________________________________________________
Unit – I
 Nature and scope of Social and Political Philosophy, Relation between Social and
Political Philosophy, individual, Society and State, Basic concepts of social and political
origination
Unit – II
 Social and Political ideals: Equality, Liberty and Justice, Rights and Duties. Concept of
Human Rights.
Unit - III
 Theories of Origin of State: Divine Right Theory, Organic Theory, Social Contract Theory,
Idealistic theory.
Unit - IV
 Political ideologies: Democracy, Socialism, Marxism, Communism and Gandhianism.
 Theories of social organization: Anarchism : Godwin, Proudhon
Expected Outcome:
 Understanding basics of social and political philosophy.
 Developing clear understanding of concepts of individual, society, state and political
organization.
 Understanding debates on origin of state.
 Understanding debates on ideals of equality, liberty, right and justice.
 Understanding debates of political ideologies and social organization.
Suggested Readings:
Text:
Book References:
1. Gauba, O.P., “Social and Political Philosophy”, Mayur Books, New Delhi, 2018. Fifth Edition.
2. Joad, C.E.M., “Introduction to Modern Political Theory”, Oxford University Press, London,
1953.
3. Joad, C.E.M., “A Guide to Modern Thought”, Kessinger Publishing LLC, USA, 2007.
4. Mackenzie, J.S., “Outlines of Social Philosophy”, George Allen & Unwin Ltd., London, 2003.
5. Pandey, S.L., “Samaj Darshan ki ek Pranali”, Asia Prakashan, Allahabad, 1984.
6. Pathak, Rammurti, “Samajik-Rajnitik Darshan ki Ruprekha”, Abhimanyu Prakashan, Allahabad,
2008.
7. Raphael, D.D., “Problems of Political Philosophy”, Macmillan Press Ltd., Hampshire, London,
1990. 8. Singh, Shiv Bhanu, “Samaj Darshan”, Sharda Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad, 2008.
Web References:
1. http://www.heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/Home.aspx
27
Semester – VI
Paper – 14-A
INTRODUCTION TO GANDHIAN THOUGHTS
______________________________________________________________________________
Unit – I
 Religious and Ethical Thoughts: Truth and God relation between Truth and Non Violence
Unit – II
 Religious and Ethical Thought: Equality of all religions (Sarva-Dharma-Sama-Bhava)
Anasaktiyoga
Unit – III
 Social Thought: Doctrine of Sanatanadharma Varnasramadharma Approach to Varna,
Jati and untouchability.
 The Status and role of women
Unit – IV
 Social Thought: Conception of ideal society (Ramarajya) Doctrine of Sarvodaya, Critique
of modern civilization
Expected Outcomes:
 Good grasp of Gandhi's ideas on truth, god and non violence.
 Understanding Gandhi's idea of Sarva Dharma Sambhava and his interpretation of
dharma.
 Understanding Gandhi's interpretation of Geeta and Anasaktiyoga.
 Understanding Gandhi's critique of modern civilization and ideas of Rama Rajya.
Suggested Readings:
Text:
1. Bose, N. K., Selections from Gandhi, Navjeevan, Ahamdabad, 1957.
Reference Books:
1. Datta D.M, The Philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi,. University of Wisconsin Madison 1961
2. Bedekar D K Towards Understanding Gandhi, PopularPrakashan, Bombay 1975
3. Prabhu R K and Rao U R (Ed.) The Mind of Mahatma Gandhi, Navjivan, Ahmedabad (Reprint
2002)
4. Mehta Subhash, Handbook of Sarvodaya, Geeta Prakashan, Mumbai, 2004
5. Bharati K. S., Mahatma Gandhi: The Man of the Millenium, S. Chand and Company Ltd.
6. Javdekar, Acharya S.D., Gandhivada, Vadavivechanamala, Pradnya Pathshala, Wai
7. Gandhijivanarahasya, Prasad, Pune, 1949
Web References:
1. https://www.Mkgandhi.org
28
Semester – VI
Paper 14 –B
PROBLEMS OF PHILOSOPHY-II (WESTERN)
Unit - I
 Knowledge: Debates on definitions of Knowledge
 Sources of Knowledge: Belief, Truth and Evidence
Unit – II
 Language and Reality
 Words and things
 Nature and scope of definitions
Unit – III
 Truth: definition of truth, criteria of truth
 Correspondence theory, Coherence theory, Pragmatic theory
 Meaning & Truth: Semantic conception, communicative action
Unit – IV
 Problem of Universals: Realism, Conceptualism, Nominalism
 Problem of Space and Time
 Mind- Body problem
EXPECTED OUTCOMES:
 Developing full understanding of nature, scope and validity of knowledge.
 Understanding nature of language and its functions with reference to Reality.
 Understanding definitions of Truth. Critical understanding of theories of universals.
 Critical understanding of Mind- Body problems.
 After one semester of study (Including Western section), the student would be able to
comprehend the fundamental issues and basic problems discussed in the field of
Philosophy through distinct terminologies, methods, approaches and arguments
provided by the prominent thinkers.
Counsellor).
SUGGESTED READINGS:
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Hospers John, An Introduction to Philosophical Analysis, 4th Print, Routledge.
2. Ewing, Alfred C., The Fundamental Questions of Philosophy, Routledge Revivals, 2013,
REFERENCE BOOKS:
29
3. Baird, Forrest E.; Kaufmann, Walter, From Plato to Derrida. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey:
Pearson Prentice Hal, 2008.
5. Martin Litchfield West, Early Greek Philosophy and the Orient, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1971.
WEB REFERENCES:
30
Semester – VI
Paper 14 –C
PHILOSOPHICAL COUNSELING
UNIT I:
 Introduction: What is Philosophical Counseling? Major Disagreements Between
Practitioners,
 The Orientation, Philosophy & Psychology, Philosophy & Psychiatry,
 The Role of Philosophy in Mental Health Care, Modularity of Philosophical Practice
UNIT II:
 Theories, Resources, Techniques, Methods: Four Well-Known Approaches: (Gerd
Achenbach - open ended approach, “a Socratic “hermeneutic of burdensome life”, Ran
Lahav -World View Interpretation, Pierre Grimes - “Philosophical Midwifery”, Logic-
Based Counseling (e.g. Eliot Cohen), Client Suitability
UNIT III:
 Scope: Problematic Beliefs: Distinguishing Four Categories of Problematic Beliefs:
(Irrational beliefs, Inconsistent beliefs, Underdetermined beliefs, False beliefs),
 Useful Skills: Feminist Counseling and Multicultural Counseling, Caveats
UNIT IV:
 Record-keeping, Case Histories, Role, Objectives and Relevance:
 The Duty of the Philosophical Practitioner to Care
EXPECTED OUTCOMES:
 Learning about the glorious tradition of Counseling from Krishna, Buddha and Socrates
to live life with examination and moral responsibility.
 Understanding about the key concepts and the prominent thinkers with their
terminologies, issues, approach, methods, and theories.
 Developing his/her understanding about the Philosophical Counseling and learn
(through case studies) the practical aspect of philosophy.
SUGGESTED READINGS:
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Peter Raabe: Philosophical Counseling: Theory and Practice (2001)
Essays in Philosophical Counseling (2002)
2. Lou Marinoff: Philosophical Practice (2002)
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Ran Lahav & M.Tillmans: Essays in Philosophical Counseling (1995)
2. Pierre Hadot: What is Ancient Philosophy (2002)
3. Pierre Grimes: Philosophical Midwifery: A New Paradigm for Understanding Human Problems
(1998)
4. Tim Lebon: Wise Therapy (2001)
31
5. Alex Howard: Philosophy for Counseling and Psychotherapy (2000)
6. Lydia Amir: Humor and the Good Life (2014)
7. Martha Nussbaum: The Therapy of Desire(1994),
8.Theory and Practice in Hellenistic Ethics (1994)
WEB REFERENCES:
1. American Philosophical Practitioners Association,
Get access at: https://appa.edu/
32
Semester – VII
Paper 15
Philosophy of Language
Unit – I
 Nature of Philosophy of Language, distinctions between Linguistic Philosophy and
Philosophy of Language
 Semantics, Syntax and Pragmatics
 Gotlob Frege: On Sense and Reference
 Russell: On Denoting
Unit – II
 Nature of Philosophical analysis and it's structure
 G.E. Moore: Refutation of Idealism, Defense of Common sense.
Unit – III
 Language and representation: Ludwig Wittgenstein
A) Tractatus Logico Philosophicus
B) Philosophical Investigations
Unit – IV
 Philosophy and Ordinary language:
A) P.F. Strawson: On Referring
B) H.P Grice: Conversational Implicatures
Expected Outcome:
 Understanding nature of philosophy of language and various ways of looking at
language.
 Understanding Frege and Russell's classical readings on referring terms.
 Examination of Idealism through linguistic analysis of Moore.
 Understanding two views about relationship between language and reality from
Wittgenstien.
 Understanding ordinary language philosophy and it's exemplars.
Suggested Readings:
Text:
1. Martinich, A.P, Sosa, David, The Philosophy of Language, Oxford University Press, 1985.
2. Ammerman, R. R., (ed.) Classics of Analytic Philosophy, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Ltd., 1965. 2. Miller, Alexander, Philosophy of Language (Indian Edition), Rupa
Publications, New Delhi 2004.
3. Rorty, Richard, Linguistic Turn, Phoenix Books, The University of Chicago Press.
Book References:
1. Philosophical Papers by G.E.Moore, Routledge,
2. “Sense and Nominatum” by Frege: in Contemporary Readings in Logical Theory (ed.)
I.M.Copi and J.A.Gould, The Macmillan Company, New York, 1971.
33
3. Ayer, A.J., Central Questions of Philosophy, The McMillan Company of Indian Ltd, 1979.
4. Novick, Peter, That Noble Dream: The 'Objectivity Question' and the American Historical
Profession, Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
5. Stahl, William A & Robert A Campbell, Yvonne Petry, Gary Diver, Webs of Reality: Social
Perspectives on Science and Religion, Piscataway NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2002.
6. Suppe, Frederick (ed.), The Structure of Scientific Theories, Urbana IL: University of
Illinois Press, 1977.
WEB REFERENCES:
34
Semester – VII
Paper 16
LOGIC: THEORIES & SYMBOLS
Unit I:
 P.F.Strawson: Introduction to Logical Theory (Chapter- I & V)
Unit II:
 P.F.Strawson: Introduction to Logical Theory (Chapter -VI &VII)
Unit III:
 I.M.Copi: Symbolic Logic (Chapter- IV)
Unit IV:
 P.F.Strawson: Introduction to Logical Theory (Chapter- IX)
EXPECTED OUTCOMES:
 After one semester of study, the student would be able to comprehend the theoretical
base and numerical solving through the discipline of Logical Analysis using its distinct
terminology and methodology.
Counsellor).
SUGGESTED READINGS:
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Strawson, P.F., Introduction to Logical Theory.
2. Copi, Irving, Symbolic Logic, Pearson.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Bandishtey, Dr. D.D. & Sharma, Dr. Ramashankar, “Bhartiya Darshnik Nibandh” (ed.), Madhya
Pradesh Hindi Grantha Academy, Bhopal, 2008.
2. Barlingay, S.S., “A Modern Introduction to Indian Logic”, Orient Book Distributers, New Delhi,
1976.
4. Chatterjee, S.C., “The Nyaya Theory of Knowledge”, Rupa Publication, New Delhi, 2015.
5. Shastri, S. Kuppuswami, “A Primer of Indian Logic”, KSRI Mylapore, Madras, 1951.
6. Tiwari, Kedarnath, “Bhartiya Tarkshastra Parichaya (An Introduction to Indian Logic)”, Motilal
Banarasidass, Delhi, 2014.
7. Tiwari, N.P., “Bhartiya tarkshastra (Indian Logic)”, PHI Learning Private Limited, Delhi, 2009.
WEB REFERENCES:
35
36
Semester – VII
Paper 17
ETHICS: CONCEPTS & ANALYSIS
______________________________________________________________________________
Unit I:
 Austin: A Plea for Excuses
Unit II:
 Stevenson: Ethics and Language (Chapter- IV, IX & X)
Unit III:
 Hare: Language of Morals
Unit IV:
 Peter Singer: Practical Ethics (Chapter I)
Expected Outcomes:
 Understanding distinctions between morality, ethics, normative ethics, meta ethics and
applied ethics.
 Understanding problems related to free will and determinism.
 Understanding distinction between deontological and teleological theories.
Suggested Readings:
Text:
Book References:
Web References:
Suggestive digital platforms web links- http://www.heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/Home.aspx
37
Semester – VII
Paper 18 - A
SELECTED CLASSICS – A (Indian)
______________________________________________________________________________
Unit – I:
 Tarkasangraha (Annambhatta) : Verse ( 01- 40)
Unit- II:
 Tarkasangraha (Annambhatta) : Verse ( 41- 78)
Unit – III:
 Mādhyamika Kārikā (Nagarjuna): Pratyaya Parikshā and Nirvāna Parikshā
 Ălamban Parikshā (Dinnaga) : Examination of Realism and Establishment of Vijnanavāda
Unit – IV:
 Viveka Chunamani (Sankaracharya) : Verse (01- 329)
______________________________________________________________________________
EXPECTED OUTCOMES:
 Understanding Navya- Nyaya and Language and Concepts.
 Understanding Navya- Nyaya methodology
 Understanding Buddhist Logic.
 Understanding Indian Dialectics of Nagarjuna.
 Understanding fundamental concepts in Advait Vedant.
_____________________________________________________________________________
SUGGESTED READINGS:
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Annambhatta “Tarksangraha Deepika”,Granth Prakasan Press, Bombay,1863
2. Dinnaga”Alambana Pariksha”with Vritti,N ayyaswami Shastri, The Adyar ,Madras 1942.
3. Nagarjuna “Madhyamika karika,(ed. by La Valee poussin,St Peterburg 1903.
4. Shunankaracharya “Vivekchunamani”(Tr.by Madhavanand Swami) Advait Ashram,India
2010.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Jha, B.N.,“Tarksangraha” of Annambhatta (English translation with notes), Chinmaya
International Foundation Shod Sansthan Adi Shankar Nilayam Veliyanad
Ernakulam,Kerla,2010.
2. Bhattacharya, Gopinath (Tr.) “Tarksangraha of Annambhatta”, Progressive Publication
Calcatta,1976.
3. Bhargav, D., (Tr.) “Tarksangraha of Annambhatta”,Motilal Banarasi Dass, Delhi,1971.
4. Tripathi,Kedar Nath,Tarksangraha with Dipika, Sanskrit Text and Hindi Commentry,Motilal
Banarasi DassPvt. Ltd, 2008.
5. Inada,Kenneth. K.(Tr.)Nagarjuna MulmadhymikkKarika,sri Satguru Publications,1993.
6. Shunankaracharya “Vivekchunamani”(Tr. Hindi) Gita Press Gorakhpur 1998.
7. Dasgupta,S.N.,”History of Indian Philosophy”5 Vols Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Web References: Suggestive digital platforms web link
http://www.heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/Home.
38
Semester – VII
Paper 18 - B
SELECTED CLASSICS – B (Western)
______________________________________________________________________________
Unit – I:
 Plato : The Republic (Theory of Ideas)
Unit – II:
 Aristotle: Metaphysics (Selected sections from the book) (Chapter I, II, V, VI, VIII, XVII,
XIX to XXIII)
Unit – III:
 Descartes : Discourse on Method (Part II, IV)
Unit – IV:
 Immanuel Kant: Critique of Pure Reason (Part VII, VIII)
Expected Outcome:
 Understanding classical position of Plato's Idealism.
 Understanding fundamental laws of demonstration, Being and Becoming in Aristotle.
 Understanding Cartesian method, Cogito argument and proofs for the existence of God.
 Understanding Kant's transcendental dialectics.
SUGGESTED READINGS:
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Plato, The Republic, Archive edition, 2018, Wayback Machine
2. Aristotle's Metaphysics, tr. D W D Ross, 1953 (Reprint), Clarendon Press, Oxford.
3. Descartes, Rene, Meditations on First Philosophy, Ed. Tweymn, 1993, Rutledge.
4. Kant, Immanuel, A Critique of Pure Reason, (comm.. and Tr.), N K smith, Reprint 2003,
Macmillan.
Reference Books:
1. Nettleship, Richard, Lectures on the Republic of Plato, 1898, London
2. Mitchell, Bisl, An Engagement with Plato's Republic: A Companion to Plato's Republic,
2003 ed., Aldershot, Ashgate.
3. Copleston, F, A History of Philosophy, Vol. I, 1962, New York.
1. William Keith Chambers Guthrie, A History of Greek Philosophy: Volume 1, The Earlier
Presocratics and the Pythagoreans, 1962.
10. Baird, Forrest E.; Kaufmann, Walter, From Plato to Derrida. Upper Saddle River, New
Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hal, 2008.
11. Nikolaos Bakalis (2005). Handbook of Greek Philosophy: From Thales to the Stoics
Analysis and Fragments, Trafford Publishing
12. John Burnet, Early Greek Philosophy, 1930.
13. Freeman, Charles, Egypt, Greece and Rome, Oxford University Press, 1996.
39
15. Martin Litchfield West, Early Greek Philosophy and the Orient, Oxford, Clarendon Press,
1971.
Web References:
40
Semester – VII
Paper 19- A
Philosophical Analysis: Key Concepts & Figures
______________________________________________________________________________
Unit – I:
 Key concepts and Figure
Unit – II:
 Frege, Moore, Russell, Strawson-Ordinary Language Philosophy, Wittgenstein
Unit – III:
 Positivism Cambridge School
Unit – IV:
 Theories of Meaning and Reference
Expected Outcome:
 Understanding nature of philosophy of language and various ways of looking at
language.
 Understanding Frege and Russell's classical readings on referring terms.
 Examination of Idealism through linguistic analysis of Moore.
 Understanding two views about relationship between language and reality from
Wittgenstien.
 Understanding ordinary language philosophy and it's exemplars.
Suggested Readings:
Text:
4. Martinich, A.P, Sosa, David, The Philosophy of Language, Oxford University Press, 1985.
5. Ammerman, R. R., (ed.) Classics of Analytic Philosophy, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Ltd., 1965. 2. Miller, Alexander, Philosophy of Language (Indian Edition), Rupa
Publications, New Delhi 2004.
6. Rorty, Richard, Linguistic Turn, Phoenix Books, The University of Chicago Press.
Book References:
7. Philosophical Papers by G.E.Moore, Routledge,
8. “Sense and Nominatum” by Frege: in Contemporary Readings in Logical Theory (ed.)
I.M.Copi and J.A.Gould, The Macmillan Company, New York, 1971.
9. Ayer, A.J., Central Questions of Philosophy, The McMillan Company of Indian Ltd, 1979.
10. Novick, Peter, That Noble Dream: The 'Objectivity Question' and the American Historical
Profession, Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
11. Stahl, William A & Robert A Campbell, Yvonne Petry, Gary Diver, Webs of Reality: Social
Perspectives on Science and Religion, Piscataway NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2002.
12. Suppe, Frederick (ed.), The Structure of Scientific Theories, Urbana IL: University of
Illinois Press, 1977.
WEB REFERENCES:
41
42
Semester- VII
Paper 19 - B
PHENOMENOLGY & EXISTENTIALISM
_____________________________________________________________________________
Unit - I
• Introduction to Phenomenology
• Key concepts
Unit – II
• Edmund Husserl
• Heidegger
Unit –III
• Introduction to Existentialism
Unit – IV
• Soren Kierkegaard,
• Jean Paul Sartre
_____________________________________________________________________________
EXPECTED OUTCOMES:
 After one semester of study, the student would fully understand key concepts and basic
issues of Continental philosophy.
Counsellor).
_____________________________________________________________________________
SUGGESTED READINGS:
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Dreyfus, H., with Hall, H. (eds.), 1982, Husserl, Intentionality and Cognitive Science.
Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
2. Chalmers, D. (ed.), 2002, Philosophy of Mind: Classical and Contemporary Readings. Oxford
and New York: Oxford University Press.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Ewing, A.C., “The Fundamental Question of Philosophy”, Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd., New
York, 2012
2. Connor, D.J.O., “A Critical History of Western Philosophy”, Free Press, Parent Company Simon
and Schuster, New York, 1985.
5. Kenny, Anthony, “A New History of Western Philosophy”, Oxford University Press, Oxford,
1985.
6. Lal, Basant Kumar, “Samkaaleen Pashchatya Darshan”, Motilal Banarasi Das, (Reprint) 2012.
43
WEB REFERENCES:
2. Philosophy Department, Lucknow University You tube channel:
44
Semester-VII
Paper 19-C
Social & Political Philosophy-II (Western)
______________________________________________________________________________
Unit 1:
 Individual and Society: Individualism and collectivism
 Rawls theory of person and well ordered society, ‘society as cooperation’
 Gadamer on ‘society as play’
Unit II:
 Individual and State: Nature of state, Concept of Nation, Distinction between state and
nation. Power theory of State: Hobbes. Right theory of State: Hegel
Unit III:
 Political obligation and Duties: Moral obligation and political obligation, Different
theories of political obligation
 Rawls’ concept of natural duties, natural duties vs. political obligation
 Ronald Dworkin’ Right as Trump
Unit IV:
 Social Justice: Endowment based theory of Locke
 Utilitarian theory of social justice
 Entitlement theory of Justice
 Rawls Maxim criteria of social justice
Expected Outcome:
1. This study provides students with necessary skill to understand the different aspects of
social and political issues.
2. Provides necessary skill to understand main thinkers and nature of political arguments
3. Develop their interest in research in social and political philosophy.
Suggested readings
Text books:
1. John Rawls , A Theory Of Justice, Cambridge, Mass, Belknap Press of Harvard University
Press, 1971.
2. John Rawls, Political Liberalism, Colombia, Colombia University Press, 1993.
3. Hans Georg Gadamer, Truth and Method, Continuum internation publishing group Ltd.
2004
4. Ronald Dworkin, Taking Rights Seriously, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press 1977
Reference books:
1. Jonathan Wolff, An introduction to political philosophy, oxford university press, oxford,
2016
2. Norman Daniels ed., Reading Rawls, Stanford University Press, Stanford, !989
3. John S. DryZek, Bonnie H. and Anne P. The Oxford Handbook of Political theory, Oxford
university Press, 2008
4. David Miller (and two more), The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Political Thought, Wiley
Blackwell ed. 1991
45
Web References:
1. Encyclopedia of political thought http://onlinelibrary. Willey.com
2. Department of Philosophy, University of Lucknow,
https://lkouniv.ac.in/article/e-content-faculty-of-arts
3. Philosophy Department, Lucknow University Youtube channel:
https://wwwyoutube.com/watch?v=jQtzj90eU3U
https://wwwyoutube.com/watch?v=rTLGVGVc3k
4. Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Digital Library
http:// www.heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/Home.aspx
5. Department of Philosophy, Stanford University
https://plato.stanford.edu
6. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
https://iep.utm.edu
46

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