7/23/23, 10:46 PM ZMZ-514 (diesel): specifications

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ДВИГАТЕЛИ

ЗМЗ-514 (ДИЗЕЛЬ): ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ

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"ZMZ-514" is a family of four-cylinder
sixteen-valve engines with a displacement
of 2.24 liters. Initially, these motors were
intended for use on GA3 cars and
commercial vehicles, but in the end they found their application on UA3ah.
3M3-514 diesel engines were installed on GA3eli only from 2002 to 2004, in a
rather limited number. Since 2006, the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant has become
a consumer of these power units: they “take root” first on the UA3 Hunter
SUVs, and then on the Patriots, and the UA3 Cargo created on their basis. But -
only for a few years: in 2015, the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant finally
abandoned the use of engines of the 3M3-514 family. What are the reasons,
and what are the features of this family - read on.

Content

1. Modifications of the ZMZ-514 diesel engine on UAZs

2. The history of the ZMZ-514 diesel engine
3. On the design “ZMZ-5143”
4. Krivoship-shawl mechanism
5. The gas distribution mechanism (DOHC)
6. The lubricant system
7. The cooling system
in numbers 9. Technical characteristics in the numbers
9. The cost of the engine “3m3-514Z2.10” in 2018 in 2018 in 2018 in
2018 in 2018 in 2018 in 2018 in 2018 in 2018 in 2018 in 2018 in 2018 in
2018 in 2018 in 2018 in 2018 in 2018 in 2018 in 2018 year

The main reason for abandoning the diesel versions of the Patriot and Hunter is
the negligible demand for these vehicles. Not only do UAZs themselves not
shine with gigantic sales volumes, but also the demand for diesel equipment of
Ulyanovsk SUVs turned out to be too small to be considered promising models.
According to the management of the enterprise, sales of diesel "Patriots"
accounted for only 1% (!) Of the total number of cars sold.

It would seem that diesel engines are simply "asking" for such cars as UAZ
SUVs. After all, it promises serious advantages: even more serious and stable
off-road patency, the ability to load the car and trailer “to the maximum”, fuel
efficiency, high engine efficiency ... The dynamics are such that it seems that
the diesel “Patriot” has “lost weight” by a couple of hundred kilograms,
compared to gasoline. The entire torque, equal to 270 N * m, is already

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7/23/23, 10:46 PM ZMZ-514 (diesel): specifications
produced by the diesel power unit in the range from 1300 rpm to 2800 rpm .;
the diesel engine is lighter and calmer and “drags” not the lightest UAZ body.
All these are the main indicators of utility. And utility for a jeep or pickup is
above all. Those motorists who had to drive both gasoline and diesel Patriots
noted that diesel engines are noticeably different for the better from gasoline
ones.

However, despite all the alterations and improvements, the 3M3-514 remained
an unreliable, capricious engine. Common, frequently occurring problems with
the timing and high-pressure fuel pump drives, short oil pump life, gusts of the
high-pressure fuel pump fuel line, cases of a sharp decrease in traction, the
SROG valve plate getting into the engine cylinder, unscrewing the KV plug, and
even such a disgrace as cracks in the cylinder head (casting defect) formed
after 40 thousand kilometers (casting defect), according to the manufacturer,
have been eliminated. But many "UAZovodov" had a different opinion on this
matter.

After equipping the new version of the motor - "3M3-514Z2.10 CRS" -

with Bosch Common Rail electronic injection control fuel equipment, the
engine became less maintainable, and if repairable, then only
immediately with units that are not cheap, as well as more demanding on
the quality of diesel fuel. To the problems mentioned earlier were added
problems with direct injection, constant metamorphoses with fuel
pressure.

During the modernization, Bosch injectors and injection pumps, a ramp, glow
plugs were added to the motor; supplemented this with a Chinese
turbocharger, and the engine still does not shine with either reliability or
durability in use. Of course, such a reputation had a bad effect on sales. In
addition, the price of the diesel UAZ Patriot was more than 100 thousand
higher than the gasoline version of this model.

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Modifications of the diesel engine

"ZMZ-514" on UAZ

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7/23/23, 10:46 PM ZMZ-514 (diesel): specifications
"3M3-514.10 (Euro-2) - with a mechanical high-pressure fuel pump
"Bosch VE"; without intercooler and vacuum pump on the generator. Power
- 98 horsepower.
"3M3-514Z.10" (Euro-3) - also with a mechanical injection pump "Bosch
VE" and without an intercooler. In this version of the engine, a heat
exchanger is installed to cool the exhaust gases of the recirculation system.
The vacuum pump was first mounted on the cylinder block, driven by the
oil pump, and then on the cylinder head, driven by the timing chain. The
power is the same - 98 hp.
"3M3-514Z2.10 CRS" (Euro-5). Unlike previous modifications, the
Common Rail electronic power system was used instead of the high-
pressure fuel pump. Power was increased to 114 horsepower, and torque -
up to 270 N.m.

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The history of the diesel engine

"ZMZ-514"
The 3M3-514 family dates back to the early 1980s, when the Zavolzhsky Motor
Plant began work on the creation of a diesel engine based on a conventional
carburetor engine for the Volga - 3M3-402.10. By 1984, a prototype of this
power unit was created and passed laboratory and road tests, including at the
NAMI test site as part of the GA3-24 Volga passenger car. Working volume -
2.45 liters, compression ratio - 20.5; with an aluminum cylinder block, pistons
made of aluminum alloy with a special micro-relief and a barrel-shaped skirt
profile, jet cooling of the pistons, an oil filter clogging indicator, a pre-heating
plug. Continuation of this model, however, did not follow.

Only in the first half of the 90s did the specialists of the Zavolzhsky Motor Plant
return to creating their own diesel engine for cars and light trucks. For some
reason, they were given the task of making a diesel engine not just based on
the 3M3-406.10 gasoline engine, but also having maximum unification with this
basic power unit.

Based on preliminary developments and the desire to ensure maximum

unification with the base engine "3M3-406.10", the cylinder diameter was
reduced to 86 mm. This was achieved by installing a dry thin-walled sleeve in a
cast-iron monoblock; while maintaining the dimensions of the main and

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7/23/23, 10:46 PM ZMZ-514 (diesel): specifications
connecting rod bearings of the base engine and, therefore, almost complete
unification in the processing of the cylinder block and crankshaft. From the very
beginning, the new diesel engine provided for the use of turbocharging, with
charge air cooling.

The first sample of the future "3M3-514", under the name "3M3-406.10", was
made in November 1995. At the Yaroslavl Diesel Equipment Plant (YAZDA),
according to the technical requirements of the Zavolzhsky Motor Plant, a small-
sized, multi-nozzle fuel injector was developed and manufactured. As a result,
it was decided to make the cylinder head not from cast iron, but from
aluminum.

In December 1999, the first pilot batch of 3M3-514 diesel engines was
manufactured - 10 units. In 2002, they made their debut at the GAZelles.
However, during the first two years, even the first year of operation, it turned
out that there were difficulties with the maintenance of these engines, and
their reliability did not stand up to criticism.

According to experts, the archaic production equipment of the Zavolzhsky

motor plant did not have enough capabilities to ensure the required quality of
the metal and maintain the accuracy of processing auto parts. The diesel
engine, unlike the gasoline engine, did not tolerate this. In addition, component
suppliers have contributed their own “fly in the ointment” to the growth of the
substandard flow. And then the unstable quality sharply scared away the
buyers, who at first cheerfully reacted to the idea of ​a modern economical
turbodiesel to replace the carburetor engines. As a result, by the beginning of
2004, the serial production of diesel engines at 3M3 was curtailed, in fact, it
had not even begun.

However, the refinement and fine-tuning of the "3M3-514" continued. They

changed the design of the head and block, with an increase in their rigidity. For
better sealing of the gas joint, instead of the domestic flexible cylinder head
gasket, an imported multi-layer, metal one was used. The refinement and
manufacture of the pistons were entrusted to the German company Mahle.
Changed, in order to increase reliability and resource, were connecting rods,
timing chains and a number of small parts.

The result of this was the launch of the 3M3-514Z modification into mass
production, and since 2006, UAZ Hunter has been equipped with these engines.
In 2007, the 3M3-514Z was also adapted for installation on the classic cargo
family of Ulyanovsk cabovers. Soon 3M3-514Z appeared with Bosch injection
pumps, which were discussed above, and then with Common Rail. These
versions consumed up to 10% less diesel fuel and showed better engine
response at low speeds. However, they were not widely used either.
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7/23/23, 10:46 PM ZMZ-514 (diesel): specifications

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THERE ARE CONTRAINDICATIONS. IT IS NECESSARY TO CONSULT WITH A SPECIALIST

About the design of "ZMZ-5143"

The 4-stroke diesel engine has an in-line L-shaped arrangement of cylinders
and pistons that rotate one common crankshaft and an overhead arrangement
of 2 camshafts. The motor is equipped with a liquid cooling system of a closed
type, with forced circulation. The lubrication system is combined - under
pressure and splashing. The updated 3M3-514Z2 engine has four valves on
each cylinder, and the intercooler performs cooling of the air entering the
cylinders (its use made it possible to increase the power of the power unit and
improve its operation at low speeds. The turbine used, although not devoid of
the characteristic “turbo-pit” effect, is distinguished by reliability and does not
require maintenance and repair.

1 - branch pipe of the water pump for supplying coolant from the
radiator; 2 - water pump; 3 - power steering pump (GUR); 4 -
coolant temperature sensor (control systems); 5 - coolant
temperature indicator sensor; 6 - thermostat housing; 7 -
emergency oil pressure alarm sensor; 8 - oil filler cap; 9 – a
forward arm of raising of the engine; 10 - the handle of the oil
level indicator; 11 - ventilation hose; 12 - recirculation valve; 13
- exhaust pipe of the turbocharger; 14 - exhaust manifold; 15 -
heat-insulating screen; 16 - turbocharger; 17 - heater tube; 18 -
clutch housing; 19 - hole plug for the crankshaft locating pin; 20
- plug of the drain hole of the oil crankcase; 21 - oil drain hose
from the turbocharger; 22 - oil pressure pipe to the
turbocharger; 23 - faucet coolant drain; 24 - inlet pipe of the
turbocharger

The Bosch injectors are double-spring injectors that allow for the preliminary
injection of diesel fuel. A fine fuel filter with a manual pump, a heater, a water
separator - also manufactured by Bosch, high pressure fuel lines - from Guido.
The S12-92-02 turbocharger is made in the Czech Republic, at the CZ-
Strakonice AS plant. There was also experience in using Garrett turbines, which
have a higher efficiency.

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7/23/23, 10:46 PM ZMZ-514 (diesel): specifications

crank mechanism
The cylinder block is made of special cast iron, a monoblock with a crankcase,
which is lowered below the crankshaft axis. Between the cylinders there are
special channels for the coolant. In the lower part of the BC there are 5 main
bearing supports. The bearing caps are machined complete with the cylinder
block and are therefore not interchangeable. In the crankcase part of the
cylinder block there are nozzles for cooling the pistons with oil.

The cylinder head is cast from aluminum alloy. In the upper part of the cylinder
head there is a gas distribution mechanism: camshafts, valve drive levers,
hydraulic bearings, intake and exhaust valves. The cylinder head is equipped
with two intake ports and two exhaust ports; flanges for connecting the intake
pipe, exhaust manifold, thermostat, covers; there are seats for injectors and
glow plugs, built-in elements of lubrication and cooling systems.

Front view: 1 - crankshaft damper pulley; 2 - crankshaft

position sensor; 3 - generator; 4 - the upper casing of the
injection pump drive belt; 5 - high pressure fuel pump; 6
- air duct; 7 - oil filler cap; 8 - oil separator; 9 -
ventilation hose; 10 - fan drive belt and power steering
pump; 11 - fan pulley; 12 - tension bolt of the power
steering pump; 13 - power steering pump pulley; 14 -
tension bracket for the fan drive belt and power steering
pump; 15 - power steering pump bracket; 16 - guide
roller; 17 - water pump pulley; 18 - drive belt for the
generator and water pump; 19 - pointer to the top dead
center (TDC); 20 - TDC mark on the sensor rotor; 21 -
the lower casing of the injection pump drive belt

The pistons are made of a special aluminum alloy, with a combustion

chamber located in the piston head. The volume of the combustion
chamber is (21.69 ± 0.4) cm3. The piston skirt is barrel-shaped in the
longitudinal direction and oval in cross-section, and is provided with an
anti-friction coating. Piston rings 3 on each piston: two compression and
one oil scraper.

The engine connecting rod is forged steel. The connecting rod cover is
processed as an assembly with the connecting rod, and therefore, when
reassembling the motor, it is impossible to rearrange the covers from one
connecting rod to another. The connecting rod cover is secured with bolts that
are screwed into the connecting rod. A steel-bronze bushing is pressed into the
piston head of the connecting rod. The crankshaft is forged steel, 5-bearing,
with a crank radius of 47 mm, having 8 counterweights for better unloading of
the supports. The wear resistance of the necks is provided by HDTV hardening
or gas nitriding.

The crankshaft main bearing shells are steel-aluminum. Upper bearings with
grooves and holes, lower bearings without both. Connecting rod bearing shells

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7/23/23, 10:46 PM ZMZ-514 (diesel): specifications
- steel-bronze, without grooves and holes. A flywheel is attached to the
crankshaft flange at its rear end with eight bolts.

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Gas distribution mechanism

(DOHC)

The right side of the engine: 1 - starter; 2 – fuel fine filter

(FTOT) (transport position); 3 – the traction relay of a starter; 4
– a cover of a drive of the oil pump; 5 – a back arm of raising of
the engine; 6 - receiver; 7 - high pressure fuel lines; 8 - high
pressure fuel pump (TNVD); 9 - rear support of high pressure
fuel pump; 10 - attachment point "-" of the KMSUD wire; 11 -
coolant supply hose to the liquid-oil heat exchanger; 12 - fitting
of the vacuum pump; 13 - generator; 14 - vacuum pump; 15 -
cover of the lower hydraulic tensioner; 16 - crankshaft position
sensor; 17 - oil supply hose to the vacuum pump; 18 - oil
pressure indicator sensor; 19 - oil filter; 20 - branch pipe of the
liquid-oil heat exchanger of the coolant outlet; 21 - oil drain
hose from the vacuum pump; 22 - oil sump; 23 - amplifier
crankcase clutch

The camshafts are made of low carbon alloy steel, carburized to a depth of
1.3…1.8 mm and hardened. The engine has 2 camshafts: for driving the intake
and exhaust valves. The cams of the shafts are multi-profile, asymmetrical with
respect to the axes of the cams. Each shaft has 5 bearing journals. The shafts
rotate in bearings, which are located in the aluminum cylinder head and are
closed with covers. Camshaft drive chain, two-stage.

Lubrication system
Engine lubrication system - combined, multifunctional. Under pressure, the
crankshaft main and connecting rod bearings, camshaft and intermediate shaft
bearings, oil pump drive parts, valve drive lever supports and chain tensioners,
turbocharger bearings are lubricated. The remaining parts of the motor are

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7/23/23, 10:46 PM ZMZ-514 (diesel): specifications
lubricated by splashing. The oil jets cool the pistons. The oil pressure brings the
hydraulic bearings and hydraulic tensioners into working position. The oil pump
is installed between the cylinder block and the oil filter. It is gear, single-
section.

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Cooling system

Cross section of the engine: 1 - receiver; 2 – a head of

cylinders; 3 - hydrosupport; 4 – camshaft of inlet
valves; 5 – valve drive lever; 6 - inlet valve; 7 –
exhaust valve camshaft; 8 - exhaust valve; 9 - piston;
10 - exhaust manifold; 11 - piston pin; 12 - coolant
drain cock; 13 - connecting rod; 14 - crankshaft; 15 -
oil level indicator; 16 – oil pump; 17 - roller drive oil
and vacuum pumps; 18 - piston cooling nozzle; 19 -
cylinder block; 20 - bypass pipe of the heater tube; 21
– outlet branch pipe of the heater tube; 22 - inlet pipe

Cooling system - liquid, closed, with forced circulation, with coolant supply to
the cylinder block thermostat type TS 108-01, with solid filler, single-valve
cooling system pump Centrifugal, driven by a V-ribbed belt from the crankshaft
pulley.

Specifications in numbers
The working volume is 2.235 liters.
Rated engine power - 98 hp (TNVD), 114 hp ("Common Rail"), at 3500
rpm.
Maximum torque - 216 N•m (TNVD), 270 N•m (Common Rail), at 1300-
2800 rpm.
Cylinder diameter - 87 mm, piston stroke - 94 mm.
The number of valves per cylinder is 4 (2 inlet; 2 outlet).
Cylinder firing order: 1-3-4-2.
The compression ratio is 19.5.

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7/23/23, 10:46 PM ZMZ-514 (diesel): specifications
Intercylinder distance (distance between the axes of adjacent cylinders
of the block) - 106 mm.
The bore diameter of the crankshaft bearings for the main bearings is 67
mm.
The diameter of the crankshaft main journals is 62 mm; the diameter of
the connecting rod journals is 56 mm.
Engine weight - 220 kg.

The cost of the engine "3M3-

514Z2.10" in 2018
There are new diesel engines of this brand on the market, their cost is about
three hundred thousand rubles, and starts at 270,000 rubles.

Despite the fact that Ulyanovsk all-wheel drive vehicles with diesel engines
proved to be noticeably better in terms of driving characteristics than gasoline
ones, there were very few people who wanted to overpay for this with a little
over 100 thousand. In addition, the engines of the 3M3-514 family have
developed a bad reputation in terms of reliability and durability. This led to the
curtailment by the Sollers company (which owns both ZMZ and UAZ) of the
project under the conditional name "Diesel UAZs".

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7/23/23, 10:46 PM ZMZ-514 (diesel): specifications

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