TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN LÊ QUÝ ĐÔN - NINH THUẬN

Cao Đỗ Bảo Châu

Lương Hồng Ngọc Tâm

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE (80 sentences / 40 marks) (Ngọc Tâm)

I. WORD CHOICE (5 marks)
Choose the word or phrase that best fits each space.
1. The modification has been the _____ on the cake for both of us, for a lot of
hard work has gone into the design and development of the course.
A. chilling B. cooling C. freezing D. icing
• Icing on the cake (idiom): something that makes a good situation even better
• Modification (n) : a change to something, usually to improve it

2. The media is supposed to always _____ on the side of revealing rather than
concealing.
A. blunder B. err C. mischief D. transgress
• Err (v)(formal): to make a mistake or to do something wrong
Err on the side of something (phrase) :to do more than is really necessary in
order to avoid a particular situation
• Blunder(v): to make a serious mistake
Ex: The police blundered by not releasing more details about the case to focus
public interest.
• Transgress(v)(formal) : to break a law or moral rule
Those are the rules, and anyone who transgresses will be severely punished.

3. Toxic _____ disfigure black neighbourhoods, degrade property values, and

discourage investment.
A. eyesores B. gatecrashers C. keystones D. watersheds
• Eyesore (n) : an unpleasant or ugly sight in a public place
• Disfigure (v) : to spoil the appearance of something or someone, especially their
face, completely
She was horribly disfigured by burns.
• Gatecrashers (n) (informal) : someone who goes to a party or other event when
they have not been invited
The party was ruined by a couple of rowdy gatecrashers.
• Keystones (n) : the most important part of a plan, idea, etc. on which everything
else depends
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 • Watershed(n): an event or period that is important because it represents a big
change in how people do or think about something:
The year 1969 was a watershed in her life - she changed her career and remarried.
4. You shouldn't have been _____ to your elders by raising those matters. A. ill-
mannered B. immaterial C. impertinent D. inapposite

• Ill-mannered (adj): rude and unpleasant

≠ well mannered (adj): behaving in a pleasant and polite way
• Immaterial (adj): not important, or not relating to the subject you are thinking
about:
Whether the book is well or badly written is immaterial (to me) - it has an
important message.
• Impertinent (adj): rude and not showing respect, especially towards someone
older or in a higher position than you
• Inapposite (adj): out of place, inappropriate
≠ apposite (adj)(formal): suitable and right for the occasion
an apposite phrase/quotation/remark

5. An 18-year-old girl, of no fixed ______, was charged with robbery in

connection with the incident.
A. abode B. accommodation C. dwellings D. lodgings
• Abode (n): the place where someone lives:
(formal) The defendant is of no fixed abode (= has no permanent home).
• Dwelling(n): a house or place to live in
• Lodging (n): a temporary place to stay
The price includes board and lodging (= meals and a room to sleep in)

6. Documentation is required before the drug can get the seal of _____ from
world health authorities.
A. approval B. assent C. consent D. permission
• Approval (n): official permission
Seal of approval (idiom) : a statement or sign that someone in an important
position approves of something
The mayor has given the proposal her seal of approval.
• Asset (n): a useful or valuable quality, skill, or person:
He'll be a great asset to the team.
Her eyes are her best asset (= most attractive feature).
• Consent (n) = permission
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 7. Many Americans refused to fall in with the idea that religion is a(n) ____
disreputable anachronism.
A. academically B. cerebrally C. cognitively D. intellectually
• Fall in with something (n) : to accept and support a plan or suggestion
• Disreputable (adj) : not trusted or respected; thought to have a bad character
≠ Reputable
• Anachronism (n): a person, thing, or idea that exists out of its time in history,
especially one that happened or existed later than the period being shown,
discussed, etc.
For some people, marriage is an anachronism from the days when women needed to
be protected.
• Academically (adv): in a way that relates to studying and thinking, not practical
skills:
• Cerebrally (adv relating to medical): Of or relating to the brain or cerebrum.
• Cognitively (adv):
Cognitive (adj) : connected with thinking or conscious mental processes:
• Intellectually (adv): in a way that relates to your ability to think and understand
things, especially complicated ideas :
She's hoping to find a job which is more demanding intellectually.

8. Most academic articles bounce around from topic to topic, really without _____ ,
but are informative.
A. common or garden B. hell or high water
C. let or hindrance D. rhyme or reason

• Common or garden (adj before noun)(informal): very common or ordinary:

It's a common or garden washing machine, but it works perfectly well.
• Come hell or high water (idiom) : If you say that you will do something come
hell or high water, you mean that you are determined to do it, despite any
difficulties that there might be
I'll get you to the airport by noon, come hell or high water!
• Without let or hindrance (law specialized): without being prevented from doing
something:
People will be able to travel from country to country without let or hindrance.

• Be no/without hyme or reason(idiom): to be without any obvious reasonable

explanation

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9. It is up to the court to decide, in the exercise of their _____, whether to grant the
favour or not.
A. circumspection B. discretion C. judiciousness D. prudence
• In the exercise of something (formal) : the use of a power or right
• Circumspection(formal)(n): sự cẩn thận
• Discretion(n):the ability to behave without causing embarrassment or
attracting too much attention (Careful behavior)
"Can you trust him with this?" "Yes, he's the soul of discretion (= he will not tell
other people)."
• Judiciousness (n): sự đúng đắn
• Prudence (n): behaviour that is careful and avoids risks (Thận trọng)
10.Tome said something disgusting, from which and a heated argument _____, the
result of which was that they broke up.
A. ensued B. eventuated C. supervened D. transpired
• Ensue (v)(formal) : to happen after something else, especiallyas a result of it:

The police officer said that he had placed the man under arrest and that a
scuffle had ensued.

• Eventuate (v)(formal): to happen, or lead to something happening:

They are taking precautions against a possibility that may never eventuate.

• Supervene (v)(formal): to happen in the middle ofa situation that already

exists, and change that situation

A limited life expectancy can include plentyof activities with lots of living,
until dying (or death) supervenes.

• Transpire (v) (formal): If it transpires that something has happened, this

previously secret or unknown fact becomes known:

It may yet transpire that ministersknew more than they are admitting at the
moment.

II. STRUCTURES AND GRAMMAR (5 marks)

You are to choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence or has the
same meaning as the original sentence.

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 11. __________ our original thesis that we are in fact a lot more uptight about
sexuality than we‟d like to believe is going to be adapted for psychological
consultation.
A. As it was opulently vindicated B. As was amply vindicated
c. Bountifully vindicated as it was D. Much as it was copiously vindicated
• Ample (adj): more than enough
Amply (adv): in a way that is more than enough
• Vindicate (v): to prove that what someone said or did was right or true, after
other peoplethought it was wrong

12. Let alone being left out in the cold for an hour after a second 30-year-old
lift failed and security guards said they could not allow them to use the stairs, the
staff started to ________ in their work.
A. exasperate, such an unwarranted interference it was
B. fume, such was an unwarranted interference
C. smoulder, so unwarranted an interference it was
D. seethe, so unwarranted an interference was which
• Fume(v): to be very angry, sometimes without expressing it
I saw her a week after they had have the argument and she was still fuming.
• Exasperate(v): to make someone very annoyed, usually when they can do
nothing to solve a problem.
• Smoulder(v): to burn slowly with smoke but without flames
a smouldering fire
The fire was started by a smouldering cigerette
• Seethe (v): to feel very angry but to be unable or unwilling to express it
clearly
The rest of the class positively seethed with indignation when he won the
award.
• Unwarranted(adj)(formal): not having a good reason and therefore
annoying or unfair
People need to be protected against such unwarranted into their private lives
by journalists.
13. About six million years ago, the Mediterranean sea is said _______, ________
thick layers of salt in southern France.
A. to have evaporated - depositing B. to be evaporating - deposit
C. to evaporate - depositing D. having evaporated - to deposit
(Cấu trúc bị động is said to have V3)(depositing thay thế cho cả cụm câu trước)
• Evaporate(v): to cause a liquid to change to a gas, especially by heating
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14. It turned out that we _____ rushed to the airport as the plane was delayed by
several hours.
A. hadn't B. should have C. mustn't have D. needn't have
• Needn‟t have done chỉ một hành động đã diễn ra tuy không có bổn phận (làm
lãng phí thời gian)
You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.
(Lẽ ra bạn không phải tưới hoa vì trời sắp sửa mưa rồi)
• Didn't have/need to do chỉ ý nghĩa không có bổn phận mà hành động cũng
chưa làm.
I didn't have to translate it for him for he understands Dutch
(Tôi không phải dịch nó cho ông ta vì ông ta hiểu tiếng Hà Lan.)
• Must Have + Vpp: được dùng để diễn tả một việc gì đó trong quá khứ mà
người nói đã gần như biết chắc và có những dấu hiệu thể hiện điều đó là đúng.

It must have rained overnight.

(Chắc chắn là trời đã mưa suốt đêm qua.)
• Should have + past participle Khi bạn muốn khuyên ai đó nên làm một việc
gì ở quá khứ hoặc bạn tự nói với mình rằng mình hối hận về những việc mình
đã làm hoặc chưa làm.

John should have left early, then he wouldn't have missed the plane (= Nhưng
anh chàng này không khởi hành sớm nên bị nhỡ tàu).

15. _________as a masterpiece, a work of art must transcend the ideals of the
period in which it was created.
A. Ranking B. To be ranked
c. Being ranked D. In order to be ranking
• Transcend (v)(frml): to go further, rise above, or be more important or better
than something, especially a limit
The best films are those which transcend national or cultural barriers.
16. _____ the weather forecast, it will rain heavily later this morning.
A. On account of B. According to. c. Because of D. Due to
• According to(prep): as stated by
• On account of smth (formal): because of something:
He doesn't drink alcohol on account of his poor health.
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 • Because of= due to
17. . I read the contract again and again ________ avoiding making spelling
mistakes.
A. in view of. B. in terms of. c. with a view to D. by means of
• In view of smthg (idiom): because of a particular thing, or considering a
particular fact: In view of what you've said, I think we should reconsider our
proposed course of action.
• In terms of smthg: in relation to something: We try to do what is best for our
customersin terms of the quality of our products.
• With a view to doing smthg (idiom): with the aim of doing something
• By means of : By means of is used to show the methodused: Students are
selected for scholarships by means of an open, national competition.
By no means (idiom): not at all
It is by no means certain that we'll finish the project by June.
By all means(idiom): used to give permission:
"May I borrow this book?" "By all means."

18. Minh and Cuong were badly injured in the last match, so _____ of them can
play in this match.
A. neither . B. none c. either D. both
• Neither: not either of two things or people
• Neither … nor …: used when you want to say that two or more things are not
true:
Neither my mother nor my father went to university.
• None: not one (of a group of people or things), or not any: None of my
children has/have blonde hair.

• Either: used in negative sentences instead of "also" or "too": I don't eat meat
and my husband doesn't either.

• Either: used when referring to a choice between two possibilities:

Either candidate would be ideal for the job.
Either: both
Unfortunately I was sitting at the table with smokers on either side of me.

19. When I arrived on the spot, I found out that I _______ the heavy gas bottle on
my back because the campsite now had electric cookers.

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 A. needn't have carried B. didn't need to carry •
c. can't have carried D. might not have carried
(Tương tự c14)
20. We are pleased to announce that Keith Danish __________ replace Susan
Williams as Operations Manager from 24th September.
A. does B. is about to c. is to D. is due

• Cấu trúc to be + to verb: cấu trúc thông dụng trong văn viết hoặc báo chí,
được dùng để:

• Dự đoán
The next train is to leave in 5 minutes.

• Phải, được phép, để

You are to go to the meeting, whether you like it or not.

( Bạn buộc phải đến buổi họp dù bạn thích hay không)
No one is to leave this building

No one is to leave this building without the permission of the police.

(Không ai được phép ròi toà nhà nếu không có sự cho phép của cảnh sát)

The top priority of company is to generate profit.

(Ưu tiên hàng đầu của công ty là tạo ra lợi nhuận)

III. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS (5 marks)

Choose the word that best fits each gap.
21. I ran into an unknown in the gap-filling exercise, but I didn't try and _____ the
gap.
A. held on B. hang out. C. press on D. stuck at
• Press on/ahead (phrsl v): to start or continue doing something in a determined
way, often despite problems
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 It was pouring with rain, but we pressed on regardless.
• Hold on (phrsl v): to make yourself continue to do what you are doing or stay
where you are although it is difficult or unpleasant:
If you can just hold on I'll go and get some help.
• Stick at smth (phrsl v): to continue trying hard to do something difficult:
You'll never learn to play the piano if you're not going to stick at it.
• Unknown (n): what is not familiar or known:
Racism is in some ways just a fear of theunknown.

22. To prevent soldiers from rebelling, the commander splits them into groups to
_____ one another.. .
A. let them off with B. pick up on them
C. play them off against D. splash out on them
• play someone/something off against someone/something: to encourage one
person or group to compete or argue with another, hoping to gain some
advantage from this situation
Management policy seemed to be to playone department off against another.
• Rebel (v): to fight against the government
The people rebelled against the harsh new government.
Rebel: to refuse to obey rules or people in authority
• Splash out sth: to spend a lot of money on buying things, especially things that
are pleasant to have but that you do not need: They splashed out £3,000 on a
holiday.

23. The old lady's savings were considerable as she had ............... a little money
each week.
A. put by B. put in c. put apart D. put down
• Put by smth: to save an amount of money to use later: I try to put by a few
pounds every week.
• Put sth in sth: to invest money in something
• Pull apart: to separate two things or people
They went for each other with their fists and had to be pulled apart.
• Put down: to pay part of the cost and promise to paythe rest later: I've put a
deposit down on a new car.

24. The police _____ a good deal of criticism, over their handling of the
demonstration.

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 A. came in for B. brought about. C. went down with D. opened up
• Come in for sth: to receive blame or criticism
The director has come in for a lot of criticismover his handling of the affair.
• Bring sth about: to cause something to happen
He brought about his company's collapse by his reckless spending.
• Go down with sth: to start to suffer from an infectiousdisease: Half of
Martha's class has gone down with flu.
• Open smth up: to improve a situation by making it less limited:
The government has announced plans to open up access to higher education.

25. It was too late to _____ of the contract.

A. back away B. back down C. back out D. back up
• Back out (of smth): to decide not to do something that you had said you would
do
The buyer backed out of the deal the daybefore they were
due to sign the contract.
• Back away: to move backwards away from something or someone, usually
because you are frightened
She saw that he had a gun and backedaway.

Back away: to show that you do not support a plan or idea any longer and do
not want to be involved with it
The government has backed away fromplans to increase taxes.
• Back down: to admit that you were wrong or that you have been defeated
Eventually, Roberto backed down and apologized. Local residents have forced
the local councilto back down from/on its plans to build a nightclub on their
street.
• Back someone up: to support or help someone:
My family backed me up throughout the court case.
Back someone up: to say that someone is telling the truth:
Honestly, that's exactly what happened - Claire will back me up.
26. Helen managed to put _____ her point of view very successfully in meetings.
A. up B. over c. on D. across
• Put something across: to express your ideas and opinions clearlyso that people
understand them easily
It's an interesting idea and I thought he put it across well.
• Put smth up: to build something:
They're planning to put a hotel up where the museum used to be.

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 Put smth up: to provide or lend an amount of money for a particular purpose:
The money for the new hospital was put up by an anonymous donor.
• Put smth over: to express an idea clearly so that peopleunderstand it: Did you
feel that you managed to put over your point of view?
27. If no one will _____ misbehaving, all pupils will be kept in after school.
A. admit off B. admit in c. own up in D. own up to
• Own up to smth: to admit that you have done something wrong: No one has
owned up to stealing the money.
• Admit of smth (formal): to allow something or make it possible:
The present schedule does not admit of modification (= it cannot be changed).
28. Even if you are miserable, there„s no need to _____ on me
A. take it out B. take it down c. take it from D. take it over
• Take it out on someone: to treat someone badly because you are upset or
angry, even if they have done nothing wrong
I know you've had a bad day, but you don't have to take it out on me!
• Take something on: to accept a particular job or responsibility: She took too
much on and made herself ill.
• Take smth over: to start doing a job or being responsible for something that
another person did or had responsibility for before He took over from the
previous headmasterin February.
• Take over : to become more successful or powerfulthan something or someone
else that is involved in the same type of activity It's only a matter of time before
they take over completely.

29. Despite all the evidence to the contrary, the witness _____ that his story was
true.
A. stuck up B. stood out. C. stuck out D. held out
 Hold something out: to offer a possibility, solution, hope, etc..
Few people hold out any hope of finding more survivors.
 Stick out: to go past the surface or edge of something
Paul‟s ears stick out a little.
 Stick out: to be easily seen or notice

30. Everyone approved of the scheme but when we asked for volunteers they all
hung ______
A. back B. on C. about D. up

• Approve of(v): to have a positive opinion of someone or something:

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 She doesn't approve of my friends.

• Hang about/around:(phrsl v): to spend time somewhere, usually doing little:

Teenagers hang around on street corners.

• Hang back(phrsl v): to be slow to do something, often because of fear or

having no confidence:

There's no need to hang back - you can singas well as anyone.

• Hang on(phrsl v): to wait for a short time

• Hang up (phrsl v): to end a phone conversation:

He started shouting so I hung up (on him).

IV. COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS (5 marks)

Choose the word that best fits each gap.
31. The social condemnations of the bombing, therefore, focus not on _____ the
act but on lamenting the consequences.
A. execrating . B. deploring
C. shedding tears over D. wringing hands over
• Condemnation(n)
Condemn(v): to criticize something or someone strongly, usually for moral reasons:
The film was condemned for its sexism.
• Deplore(fomal)(v) to say or think that something is very bad: We deeply
deplore the loss of life.
• Lament(v): to express sadness and feeling sorry about something
The poem opens by lamenting (over) the death of a young man.
• Excerate(formal)(v): to have or show feelings of hate towards someone or
something:
I execrate any policy that interferes with the rights and freedoms of others.
• Wring your hands(idiom): If you wring your hands, you show that you are
worried or unhappy:
Car dealers are wringing their hands overlow sales this summer.
• Shed tears, blood, etc: to allow tears or blood to flow
She shed a few tears at her daughter's wedding.

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 32. If you want to have a good flat in London, you have to pay through the _____
for it.
A. mouth B. eye c. nose D. head
• Pay through the nose(infrml)(idiom): to pay too much money for something
33. I was out of _____with you on this matter, but let‟s not quarrel about it.
A. empathy B. harmony C. keeping D. sympathy
• Out of harmony(idiom): không hoà hợp
34. Eventually, a passer-by _____ and asked her what her problem was.
A. put her out of his misery B. was charitable towards
c. took pity on her D. threw himself on her mercy
• Charitable(adj): kind, and not judging other people in a severe way
• Throw yourself on someone‟s mercy: to ask someone to help you or forgive
you when you are in a very bad situation
• Take pity on someone: to act kindly, or relent, towards (someone), from a
feeling of pity (giúp ai vì thấy thương hại người đó)
• Put someone out of their misery(informal)(idiom):
to stop someone worrying, usually by giving that person information that they
have been waiting for:
We try to put our students out of their miseryand give them
their exam results as early as possible.
35. She expects the political experience gained in this election will stand her in
good _____ in her future career, which, she suggests, could include another
campaign. ' . .
A. footing B. grounding c. precedent D. stead
• Precedent(n): an action, situation, or decision that has already happened and can
be used as a reason why a simlar action or decision should be performed or made.
There are several precedents for promoting people who don’t have formal
qualifications.
• Stand someone in good stead (idiom): If an experience stands a person in good
stead, it is or will be of great use to them.
• Grounding (n): a knowlegde of the basic facts about a particular subject
This course is designed to give drivers a grounding in car maintenace.
• Footing (n): the fact of standing firmly on a slope or other dangerous surface
I lost/missed my footing and fell.
36. Poor management brought village shops to teeter _______ of collapse
although community-owned shops, Internet retailing and home delivery
schemes were becoming more popular.
A. in the teeth B. on the brink „
C. on the razor‟s edge D. on the threshold
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 • Teeter on the bridge/edge of something(idiom): If something is teetering on
the brink/edgeof a bad situation, it is likely that the situation will happen soon:
What we are seeing now is a countryteetering on the brink of civil war.

37. A lot of criticism and scorn has been heaped ______ his options.
A. above B. beyond c. on D. up
• Heap smth on someone: to give someone a lot of praise, criticism, etc.:
He deals well with all the criticism heaped on him.
38. Unanswered, the demands for nuclear deterrents have _____ fears of civil
war.
A. flashed up B. prognosticated c. sidetracked D. stoked up
• Deterrent(n): something that deters people from doing something
Deter(v): to prevent someone from doing something or to make someone less
enthusiasticabout doing something by making it difficult for that person to do
it or by threatening bad results if they do it:
These measures are designed to deter an enemy attack.
• Stoke(v): to encourage bad ideas or feelings in a lot of people:
He's been accused of stoking up racialhatred in the region.
• Prognosticated(v): to give a judgment about what is likely to happen in the
future, especially in connection with a particular situation: He is in a good
position to prognosticate onthe future of commerce.
• Sidetrack(v): to direct a person's attention away from an activity or subject
towards another one that is less important:
Ruth was looking for an envelope in a drawer when she was sidetracked by
some old letters. Prognosticated(v):

39. ________ the people who come to this club are in their twenties and thirties.
A. By and large B. All together c. To a degree D. Virtually
• By and large(idiom): when everything about a situation is considered
together:
There are a few small things that I don't like about my job, but by and large it's
very enjoyable.
• To a degree: to a small extent (một chút)
I agree with you to a degree, but I have doubts about your conclusions.

• All together means „with each other‟, and is similar to together:

Put your clothes all together in one pile and I’ll wash them for you.

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 • Virtually(adv): almost

40. I don‟t feel like buying a ______ in a poke; we‟d better check the content.
A. pig B. cattle c. buffalo D. ox

• Pig in a poke (idiom): something that you buy or accept without first
seeing it or finding out if it is good

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 V. READINGCOMPREHENSION
READING 1: Read the following magazine article and choose the best answer to
each question. (5 marks)
In the course of its history, human inventions have dramatically increased the
average amount of energy available for use per person. Primitive peoples in cold
regions burned wood and animal dung to heat their caves, cook food, arid drive off
animals by fire. The first step toward the developing of more efficient fuels was taken
when people discovered that they could use vegetable oils and animal fats in lieu of
gathered or cut wood. Charcoal gave off a more intensive heat than wood and was more
easily obtainable than organic fats. The Greeks first began to use coal for metal
smelting in the 4th century, but it did not come extensive use until the Industrial
Revolution. •
In the 1700s, at the beginning of the Industrial evolution, most energy used in the
United States and other nations undergoing industrialization was obtained from perpetual
and renewable sources, such as wood, water streams, domesticated . animal labor, and
wind. These were predominantly locally available supplies. By mid-1800s, 91 percent of
all commercial energy consumed in the United States and European countries was
obtained from wood. However, at the beginning of the 20th century, coal became a major
energy source and replaced wood in industrializing countries. Although in most regions
and climate zones wood was more readily accessible than coal, the latter represents a
more concentrate source of energy, hl 1910, natural gas and oil firmly replaced coal as
the main source of fuel because they are lighter and, therefore, cheaper to transport. They
burned more cleanly than coal arid polluted less. Unlike coal, oil could be refined to
manufacture liquid fuels for vehicles; a very important consideration in the early 1900s,
when the automobile arrived on the scene.
By 1984, nonrenewable fossil fuels, such as oil, coal, and natural gas, provided over
82 percent of the commercial and industrial energy used in the world. Small amounts of
energy were derived from nuclear fission, and the remaining 16 percent came from
burning direct perpetual and renewable fuels, such as biomass. Between 1700 and 1986,
a large number of countries shifted from the use of energy from local sources to a
centralized generation of hydropower and solar energy converted to electricity. The
energy derived from nonrenewable fossil fuels has been increasingly produced in one
location and transported to another, as is the case with most automobile fuels. In
countries with private, rather than public transportation, the age of nonrenewable fuels
has created a dependency on a finite resource that will have to be replaced.
Alternative fuel sources are numerous, and shale oil and hydrocarbons are just two
examples. The extraction of shale oil from large deposits in Asian and European
regions has proven to be labor consuming and costly. The resulting product is sulfur-

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 and nitrogen- rich, arid large-scale extractions are presently prohibitive, Similarly, the
extraction of hydrocarbons from tar sands in Alberta and Utah is complex.
Semi-solid hydrocarbons cannot be easily separated from the sandstone and limestone
that carry them, and modern technology is not sufficiently versatile for a large-scale
removal of the material. However, both sources of fuel may eventually be needed as
petroleum prices continue to rise and limitations in fossil fuel availability make
alternative deposits more attractive.
41. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. Applications of various fuels B. Natural resources and fossil fuels
c. A history of energy use D. A historical overview of energy rates
42. The phrase “per person” in line 2 is close in meaning to
A. per capita B. per year C. per family D. per day
• Per capita(formal)(adv,adj): If you express an amount per capita, you mean
that amount for each person
France andGermany invest far more percapita in public transport than Britain.
43. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that
A. coal mining was essential for primitive peoples
B. the Greeks used coal in industrial production
c. the development of efficient fuels was a gradual process
D. the discovery of efficient fuels was mostly accidental
• “The first step toward the developing of more efficient fuels...”
44. The phrase “in lieu” in line 5 is closest in meaning to
A. in spite B. in place . c. in every way D. in charge
• In lieu (of) (formal): instead (of)
He worked on Sunday and took Monday off in lieu.
• In place of something: instead of someone or something:
You can use margarine in place of butter in some recipes.
45. The author of the passage implies that in the 1700s, sources of energy were
A. used for commercial purposes B. used in various combinations
c. not derived from mineral deposits D. not always easy to locate
• Mineral deposit: khoáng thể
• Derive from: to come from something:
The English word "olive" is derived from the Latin word "oliva".
• “In the 1700s, at the beginning of the Industrial evolution, most energy used in
the United States and other nations undergoing industrialization was obtained
from perpetual and renewable sources, such as wood, water streams,
domesticated.”

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 • Undergo(v): to experience something that is unpleasantor something that
involves a change:
She underwent an operation on a tumour in her left lung last year.
• Perpetual(adj): continuing for ever in the same way: They lived in perpetual
fear of being discovered.
• Obtain(v)(formal): to get something, especially by asking for it, buying it,
working for it, or producing it from something else:
to obtain permission
• Domesticated:
(of animals or plants) brought under humancontrol in order to provide food, po
wer, or company:
domesticated animals

46. The phrase “the latter” in line 16 refers to

A. wood B. coal c. most regions D. climate zones
• “Although in most regions and climate zones wood was more readily accessible
than coal, the latter represents...”
• Latter (pronoun): the second of two people, things or groups previously
mentioned Ex: She offered me more money or a car and I chose the latter.
47. According to the passage, what was the greatest advantage of oil as fuel? A. It
was a concentrated source of energy.
B. It was lighter and cheaper than coal.
c. It replaced wood and coal and reduced pollution.
D. It could be converted to automobile fuel.
• “Unlike coal, oil could be refined to manufacture liquid fuels for vehicles; a very
important consideration in the early 1900s, when the automobile arrived on the
scene.”
• be converted to = be refined to: having changed in form or character, or been made
suitable for a different use
• Arrive on the scene (idiom): To come into existence or to be born.
Ex: Funk music arrived on the scene in the 1960s.
48. It can be inferred from the passage that in the early 20th century, energy was
obtained primarily from ...............
A. fossil fuels B. nuclear fission
c. hydraulic and solar sources
D. burning biomass
• “However, at the beginning of the 20th century, coal became a major energy source
and replaced wood in industrializing countries.” • Primarily(adv): mainly
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 Ex: The company’s failure was primarily due to weak sales.
• Nuclear fission: a reaction in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more
smaller nuclei (phản ứng phân hạch hạt nhân)
• hydraulic (a): operated by or involving the pressure of water or some other liquid
(thủy lực)
• burning biomass: đốt khí ga
49. The author of the passage implies that alternative sources of fuel are currently
A. being used for consumption B. being explored
c. available in few locations D. examined on a large scale
• “The extraction of shale oil from large deposits in Asian and European regions has
proven to be labor consuming and costly.”
• scale (n): the size or level of something, especially when this is large (quy mô)
Ex: We don't yet know the scale of the problem.
• Extraction (n): the process of removing a substance from the ground or from
another substance (khai thác)
• Shale oil (n): dầu đá phiến, một loại dầu phi truyền thống được tạo ra từ đá phiến
dầu
• Deposit (n): a layer that has formed under the ground, especially over a long
period mineral/oil/coal deposits
• Labour (n): workers, especially people who do practical work with their hands
(công nhân/nhân công)
50. The word “prohibitive” in line 35 is closest in meaning to
A. prohibited B. provided c. too expensive D. top expedient
• “The resulting product is sulfur- and nitrogen- rich, arid large-scale extractions are
presently prohibitive.”
• Prohibitive (a): If the cost of something is prohibitive, it is too expensive for most
people
Ex: Hotel prices in the major cities are high but not prohibitive.
• Expedient (a): helpful or useful in a particular situation, but sometimes not
morally acceptable
Ex: It might be expedient not to pay him until the work is finished.

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 READING 2: Read the following magazine article and choose the best answer to
each question. (5 marks)
In seventeenth-century colonial North America, all day-to-day cooking was done in
the fireplace. Generally large, fireplaces were planned for cooking as well as for warmth.
Those in the Northeast were usually four or five feet high, and in the South, they were
often high enough for a person to walk into. A heavy timber called the mantel tree was
used as a lintel to support the stonework above the fireplace opening. This timber might
be scorched occasionally, but it was far enough in front of the rising column of heat to
be safe from catching fire.
Two ledges were built across from each other on the inside of the chimney. On these
rested the ends of a "lug pole" from which pots were suspended when cooking. Wood
from a freshly cut tree was used for the lug pole, so it would resist heat, but it had to be
replaced frequently because it dried out and charred, and was thus weakened. Sometimes
the pole broke and the dinner fell into the fire. When iron became easier to obtain, it was
used instead of wood for lug poles, and later fireplaces had pivoting metal rods to hang
pots from.
Beside the fireplace and built as part of it was the oven. It was made like a small,
secondary fireplace with a flue leading into the main chimney to draw out smoke.
Sometimes the door of the oven faced the room, but most ovens were built with the
opening facing into the fireplace. On baking days (usually once or twice a week) a
roaring fire of "oven wood," consisting of brown maple sticks, was maintained in the
oven until its walls were extremely hot. The embers were later removed, bread dough
was put into the oven, and the oven was sealed shut until the bread was fully baked.
Not all baking was done in a big oven, however. Also used was an iron "bake
kettle," which looked like a stewpot on legs and which had an iron lid. This is said to
have worked well when it was placed in the fireplace, surrounded by glowing wood
embers, with more embers piled on its lid.
.51. Which of the following aspects of domestic life in colonial North America does
the passage mainly discuss?
A. Methods of baking bread .
B. Fireplace cooking
c. The use of iron kettles in a typical kitchen
D. The types of wood used in preparing meals
• “In seventeenth-century colonial North America, all day-to-day cooking was done
in the fireplace.”
• Colony (n): a country or area controlled politically by a more powerful country
that is often far away
Ex: Australia and New Zealand are former British colonies.

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 → Colonial (a): relating to a colony or colonialism
Ex: Turkey was once an important colonial power.
• Kettle (n): a container for boiling water, that has a lid, handle, and spout and is
made from plastic or metal

52. The author mentions the fireplaces built in the South to illustrate
A. how the materials used were similar to the materials used in northeastern
fireplaces
B. that they served diverse functions
c. that they were usually larger than northeastern fireplaces
D. how they were safer than northeastern fireplaces
• “Those in the Northeast were usually four or five feet high, and in the South, they
were often high enough for a person to walk into.”
53. The word ‟‟scorched” is closest in meaning to .......................
A. burned . B. cut c. enlarged D. bent
• “This timber might be scorched occasionally, but it was far enough in front of the
rising column of heat to be safe from catching fire.”
• Timber (n): trees that are grown so that the wood from them can be used for
building / wood used for building
• Scorched (a): slightly burned, or damaged by fire or heat
Ex: The countryside was scorched after several weeks of hot sun.
• Enlarge (a): to become bigger or to make something bigger
Ex: They've enlarged the kitchen by building over part of the garden.
→ Enlarged (a)
54. The word ”it” refers to..................
A. the stonework B. the fireplace opening
c. the mantel tree D. the rising column of heat
• “A heavy timber called the mantel tree was used as a lintel to support the stonework
above the fireplace opening. This timber might be scorched occasionally, but it
was far enough in front of the rising column of heat to be safe from catching fire.”
55. According to the passage, how was food usually cooked in a pot in the
seventeenth century?
A. By placing the pot directly into the fire
B. By putting the pot in the oven

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 C. By filling the pot with hot water
D. By hanging the pot on a pole over the fire
• “On these rested the ends of a "lug pole" from which pots were suspended when
cooking.”
• Suspend (v) = hang (v)
56. The word ‟‟obtain” is closest in meaning to ...................................................... .
A. maintain B. reinforce c. manufacture D; acquire
• “When iron became easier to obtain, it was used instead of wood for lug poles,
and later fireplaces had pivoting metal rods to hang pots from.”
• Obtain (v) = acquire (v): to get something, especially by asking for it, buying it,
working for it, or producing it from something else
Ex: First editions of these books are now almost impossible to obtain.
• Reinforce (v): to make something stronger
Ex: The pockets on my jeans are reinforced with double stitching.
• Manufacture (v): to produce goods in large numbers, usually in a factory using
machines (=produce)
ex: He works for a company that manufactures car parts.
• pivot (v): to turn or twist
Ex: She pivots her left foot.
→ Future deals will pivot on (= depend on) easing commercial conflicts.
57. Which of the following is mentioned in paragraph 2 as a disadvantage of using
a wooden lug pole?
A. It was made of wood not readily available.
B. It was difficult to move or rotate.
C. It occasionally broke.
D. It became too hot to touch.
• “Wood from a freshly cut tree was used for the lug pole, so it would resist heat,
but it had to be replaced frequently because it dried out and charred, and was thus
weakened.”
• Readily (adv): quickly, immediately, willingly, or without any problem
ex: Larger sizes are readily available.
• Resist (v): to fight against something or someone that is attacking something or
someone
Ex: The soldiers resisted (the enemy attacks) for two days.
• charred (a): burned and black (ex: charred meat)

58. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that, compared to other firewood, ‟‟oven
wood” produced
 A. less smoke B. more heat c. fewer embers D. lower flames
• “ On baking days (usually once or twice a week) a roaring fire of "oven wood,"
consisting of brown maple sticks, was maintained in the oven until its walls were
extremely hot.”
• Ember (n): a piece of wood or coal, etc. that continues to burn after a fire has no
more flames
59. According to paragraph 3, all of the following were true of a colonial oven
EXCEPT:
A. It was used to heat the kitchen every day. .
B. It was built as part of the main fireplace.
C. The smoke it generated went out through the main chimney.
D. It was heated with maple sticks.
• “ On baking days (usually once or twice a week) a roaring fire of "oven wood,"
consisting of brown maple sticks, was maintained in the oven until its walls were
extremely hot.”

60. According to the passage, which of the following was an advantage of a - ‟‟bake
kettle”?
A. It did not take up a lot of space in the fireplace.
B. It did not need to be tightly closed.
C. It could be used in addition to or instead of the oven.
D. It could be used to cook several foods at one time.

• “Not all baking was done in a big oven, however. Also used was an iron "bake
kettle," which looked like a stewpot on legs and which had an iron lid.” • In
addtion to: bên cạnh đó, ngoài ra, thêm vào đó → In addition to +
N/Pronoun/Ving...., S+V...
Ex: In addition to my burgers, I ordered fried chicken and 7up.

VI. CLOZE TEST

CLOZE TEST 1
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, c, or D on your answer sheet
to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks. (5 marks)
THE BEGINNINGS OF FLIGHT
The story of man's mastery of the air is almost as old as man himself, a puzzle in
which

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the essential (0) ................................................ were not found until a very late stage.
However, to (61) .......................... this we must first go back to the time when primitive
man hunted for his food, and only birds and insects flew. We cannot know
with any certainly when man first deliberately shaped weapons for throwing, but that
(62)...., .................................................. of conscious design marked the first
step on a road that leads from the spear and the arrow to the aero-plane and the giant
rocket of the present (63) ........................................................It would seem, in fact, that
this (64) ............. to throw things is one of the most primitive and deep- seated of our
instincts, (65) .................. in childhood and persisting into old age.
The more mature ambition to throw things swiftly and accurately, which is the origin of
most outdoor games, probably has its roots in the ages when the possession of a
(66)______ weapon and the ability to throw it with force and accuracy (67)______ the
difference between eating and starving.
It is significant that such weapons were (68) ..................... and brought to their final
form at an early stage in history. If we were restricted to the same (69)_______
...................... it is doubtful if we could produce better bows and arrows than those that
destroyed the armies of the past. The arrow was the first true weapon capable of
maintaining direction over considerable (70).... ........................................................... .. It
was to be centuries before man himself could fly.
0 A. clues B. keys c. responses D. resolutions
61. A. value B. approve C. understand D. realize
62. A. act B. deed C. action D. event
63. A. instant B. day c. hour D. moment
64. A. feeling B. urge C. encouragement D. emotion
65. A. coming B. arriving C. appearing D. growing
66. A. suitable B. fitting c. related D. chosen
67. A. involved B. meant c.told D. showed
68. A. invented B. imagined c. planned D. produced
69. A. matters B. substances c. materials D. sources
70. A. length B. extents c. areas D. distances

New words:
• Deliberately(adv): intentionally
I'm sure he says these things deliberately to annoy me.
• Deep-seated (deep-rooted): strongly felt or believed and very difficultto change or
get rid of: a deep-seated faith in God
• Persist(v): If an unpleasant feeling or situationpersists, it continues to exist: If
the pain persists, consult a doctor.
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 to try to do or continue doing something in a determined but often
unreasonable way:
If he persists in asking awkward questions, then send him to the boss.

• Primitive(adj): relating to human society at a very early stage of development,

with people living in a simple way without machines or a writing system:
Primitive races colonized these islands 2,000 years ago. primitive man

CLOZE TEST 2:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, c, or D on your answer sheet
to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks. (5 marks)
A LACK OF COMMUNICATION
Recent research has (0) ........................ that a third of people in Britain have not met
their (71) ......................... neighbours, and those who know each other (72) ...............
speak. Neighbours gossiping over garden fences and in the street was a common (73)
.............. ... in the 1950s, says Dr. Carl Chinn, an expert on local communities. Now,
however, longer hours spent working at the office, together with the Internet and satellite
television, are eroding neighbourhood (74) 'Poor neighbourhoods once had strong
kinship, but now prosperity buys privacy,' said Chinn.
Professor John Locke, a social scientist at Cambridge University, has analysed a large
(75) ................................ .......... of surveys. He found that in America and Britain the
(76) ... .......... of time spent in social activity is decreasing. A third of people said they
never spoke to their neighbours at (77) ........................... Andrew Mayer. 25, a strategy
consultant, rents a large apartment in west London, with two flat-mates, who work in e-
commerce. “We have a family of teachers in upstairs and lawyers below, but our only
contact comes via letters (78) .................................................. .......... to the
communal facilities or complaints that we‟ve not put out our bin bags properly,” said
Mayer.
The (79) _______ of communities can have serious effects. Concerned at the
rise in burglaries and (80) ................. . of vandalism, the police have re-launched crime
prevention schemes such as Neighbourhood Watch, calling on people who live in the
same area to'keep an eye on each other's houses and report anything they see which is
unusual.
0. A. exhibited B. conducted c. displayed D. reveal
71. A. side-on B. next-door c. close-up D. nearside
72. A. barely B. roughly c. nearly D. virtually
73. A. outlook B. view c. vision D. sight

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 74. A. ties B. joins c. strings D. laces
75. A. deal B. amount c. number D. measure
76. A. deal B. amount c. number D. measure
77. A. least B. once c. all D. most
78. A. concerning B. regarding c. applying D. relating
79. A. breakout B. break though c. breakdown D. breakaway
80. A. acts . B. shows c. counts D. works
B. WRITTEN TEST (60 sentences/70 marks) ( Bảo Châu)
I. OPEN CLOZE TEST (20 marks)
CLOZE TEST 1
Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one
word in each space. •
THE SLOW ARRIVAL OF THE WHEEL
It is nearly impossible in our post-industrial society to conceive of a world without
wheels. From clocks to huge machinery and from cars to computer disks, (I) employs
cogs, wheels or other types of.cylindrical components that spin on an axis. (2)
...................... the wheel took a relatively long time to be invented and several
civilizations reached a relatively high level of
technological sophistication (3) ................................ it. The most likely explanation is
that neither terrain nor climate suited the wheel. Until 10,000 BC, much of the world was
(4) .............................. the grip of the last vestiges of the lee Age. (5) ..................
was not under ice sheet was covered by desert, jungle or bog - conditions obviously
unsuited for something like the wheel. Most experts agree that the wheel evolved from
the fact that Neolithic man was familiar with moving heavy objects (6)
...................................... putting a roller, such as a tree trunk, under the load.
Such techniques were used to move the huge stone blocks to build the pyramids around
2980 BC and probably Stonehenge, which dates back to around 2000 BC. (7)
........................ technique for moving large, heavy objects was to place them on sledges
and to put the sledges on rollers. In time, it is likely that the sledge wore grooves into the
rollers with the result that ancient man had a ratio - a small turn of the inner edge of the
worn groove generated a larger turn of the outer edge of the roller. The next (8)
............................................................ final step in the invention of the wheel was to
reduce the weight of the roller by cutting away the wood between the grooves, in (9)
.................... way creating an axle with a wheel at each end. At last man (10)
..................... better indulge his passions for travel, speed and movement.

Answers:

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  1. everything 2. But 3.without 4.in 5.What 6.by 7.Another 8.and 9.That

10.Could

 In the grip of sth: experiencing sth unpleasant that cannot be stopped

CLOZE TEST 2
Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one
word in each space.
ENJOY THE BENEFITS OF STRESS!
Are you looking forward to another busy week? You should be according to some
experts. They argue that the stress encountered in our daily lives is not only good for us,
but essential to survival. They say that the response to (11)______ , which creates a
chemical called adrenal in, helps the mind and body to act quickly (12) ______
emergencies. Animals and human beings use it to meet the hostile conditions which exist
on the planet.
Whilst nobody denies the pressures of everyday life, what is surprising is that we are
yet to develop successful ways of dealing with them. (13) ______ the experts consider
the current strategies to be inadequate and often dangerous. They believe that
(14)_______, of trying to manage our response to stress with drugs or relaxation
techniques, we must exploit it. Apparently, research shows that people (15) ______
create conditions of stress for (16) ______ by doing exciting and risky sports or looking
for challenges, cope much better with life's problems. Activities of this type have been
shown to create a lot of emotion; people may actually cry or feel extremely
uncomfortable. But there is a point (17)_____ which they realise they have succeeded
and know that it was a positive experience. This is because we learn through challenge
and difficulty. That's (18) ______ we get our wisdom. Few of US, unfortunately,
understand this fact. For example, many people believe they (19)______ from stress at
work, and take time off as a result. Yet it has been found in some companies that by far
(20)______ healthiest people are those with the most responsibility. So next time you're
in a stressful situation, just remember that it will be a positive learning experience and
could also benefit your health!

Answers:

11.stress 12.during 13.Even 14.instead 15.who 16.themselves 17.at 18.how

19.suffer 20.the

New words:

• Inadequate (adj): not good enough

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 This work is woafully (=extremly) inadequate – you will have to do it again.
• Exploit (v): to use something in a way that helps you
We need to make sure that we exploit our resources as fully as possible.
• Hostile(adj): unfriendly and not liking something
a hostile crowd
The president had a hostile reception in Ohio this morning.

IL WORD FORMS (20 marks) .

A. Give the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. The act of __________ should be prohibited under any circumstances.
Everyone all has equal rights to vote. (FRANCHISE)
 Disenfranchisement
 Disenfranchisement (n): the action of taking away the right to vote from a
person or group.
 Franchise(n)(business): a right to sell a company‟s products in a particular
area using their name
a fast-food franchise
 Franchise(n)(vote): the right to vote in an election, especially in order to elect
a parliament or similar law-making organization.
American woman worked for decandes to win the franchise.
2. The boss ordered his staff to be __________ with each other in dealing with
the company's end-of-year burden. (LABOR)
 Collaborative
Collaborative (adj): ivolving two or more people working together for a special
purpose.
3. It is such a __________ story that the mom lost her child when her family
immigrated from Africa into Europe. (LUCK)
 Hard-luck
 Hard-luck story (n): a story or piece of information that someone tels you or
writes about himself or herself, intended to make you feel sympathy for that
person.
4. The mayor was determined that he would do everything in his power to
__________ the murder case. (MYSTERY)
 Demystify
• Demystify (v): to make something easier to understand and less complicated by
explaining it in a clear and simple way.

5. The government stressed it was not abandoning its tough __________

'policies. (INFLATE)
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  Anti-inflationary
• Anti-inflationary (adj): opposed to or intended to slow down inflation.

6. The woman detected her __________ conditions soon after she felt ill in her
body.
(CANCER)
 Precancerous (adj): showing signs of developing into a cancer (especially of
cells).
7. I cast my eyes __________ and saw the geese flying in V-line. (HEAVEN)
 Heavenwards (adv): towards heaven or the sky.

8. __________ programs are offered to those who want to do professional training

while being paid to work. (SERVICE)
 In-service (adj):(of training, courses of study,etc) done while somebody is
working in a job, in order to learn new skills.
9. It is inhumane to sell ______ limbs of the animals, such as rhinoceros or
elephants, in the market place. (MEMBER)
 Dismember (v) : to cut, tear, or pull the arms and legs off the body of a dead
person or animal
10. He was regarded as a ___________ winner as he beat his opponents in three
straight sets. (RUN)

• Runaway (adj): happening very easily or quickly, and not able to be

controlled.

B. Use the correct form of each of the words given in the box to fill in the blank in
the following passages.
persist confer dispose lonely difficult
part think out condition conscious

More than half the world‟s population consider themselves shy, delegates to the first
international (11) ............................... on shyness, being held in Cardiff, will be told
today. One in 10 cases is severe. Effects include mutism, speech problems, (12) ........ ,
blushing, shaking and trembling, lack of eye contact, (13) ........................................... in
forming relationships and social phobia - the most extreme form of shyness, defined by
the American Psychiatric Association as a pronounced and (14) ..................................
fear of social or performance situations in which embarrassment may occur. Shy people

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tend to blame themselves for social failure and attribute success to (15) factors. They
expect their behaviour to be inadequate remember only negative information about
themselves and accept without challenge adverse comments from others.
The causes are complex and not fully understood. The latest theory is that it can be
traced to genes as well as to social (16) .............................................. '. One estimate,
based on research with twins, is that around 15 per cent of the population are bom with a
(17) ....................................... to shyness. Some psychologists believe there are two types:
an early developing, fearful shyness and a later developing, (18) ...................... shyness.
The fearful version emerges often in the first year of life and is (19)
............... . to be (20) ............................. inherited.

Answers:

11.conference 12.loneliness 13.difficulty 14.persistent 15.outside 16.conditioning

17.pre-disposition 18.self-concious 19.thought 20.partly

• Delegate(v): to give a particular job, duty, right, etc, to someone else so that
they do it for you
As a boss you have to delegate (responsibilities to your staff).

III ERROR IDENTIFICATION: (10 marks)

There are 10 errors in the following passage. Identify and correct them.
Line
Children who tell pop music does not interfere with their homework receive 1
support today, with the discovery that pay attention to visual stimuli and sounds 2
requires completely different brain pathways which can operate at the same 3
time with your appreciation of either being damaged. Researchers have 4
founded that listening to car stereos does not create much interference 5
when you are driving. Similarly, pop music should not interfere with 6
children homework. The affect of pop music on their performance at it 7
is far outweigh by other factors, such as how happy they are to be doing it. 8
These findings could be applied for the design of places which people 9
have to take in large amounts of information very quickly. They could, 10
for example, relevantly to the layout of pilot cockpits on aircraft. 11
Answer:
Line Mistake Correction Line Mistake Correction
1 Tell say 7 affect effect
2 Pay paying 8 Outweigh outweighed
4 With without 9 For to
5 Founded found 9 Which where

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 7 Children Children's 11 relevantly relevant

IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (20 marks)

Rewrite the sentence with the given word or the given beginning so that the new
sentence has the same meaning as the previous one.
1. He contributed significantly to the success of the project, (import)
-> His__________________________________________ the success of the
project.
Answer: His contribution was of great import to the success of the project.
• import (n)(formal): importance or meaning
Whether it is to be a “working” visit or an “official” visit is of littl/no import.
2. He was terribly upset by the news, (blow)
—> The news came ___________________________________________;him.
Answer: The news came as a terrible blow to him.
• blow(n) : an unexpected event that has a damaging effect on someone or
something
Losing his job was a severe blow to his confidence.
3. The new town has made the town centre nicer, but public transport could still
be improved a lot. (room)
-» The new town has made the town centre nicer, but _______ to public
transport.
Answer: The new town has made the town center nicer, but there could still be plenty
of room for improvement with respect to public transport.
4. Trying desperately to compensate for his terrible behaviour, he bought her a
bunch of flowers, (amends)
—> In a_____________ his terrible behaviour, he bought her a bunch of
flowers.
Answer: In a desperate bid to make amends for his terrible behavior, he bought her a
bunch of flowers.
 Make amends (for sth/doing sth): to do sth for sb in order to show that you
are sory for sth wrong or unfair that you have done
 Bid(n): an attempt to achieve or to get something
Her bid for re-election was unsuccessful.

5. We decided to stay for longer because we were so thrilled by the plane.

(prolonging)
—> Our _____________we by the plane.
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 Answer: Our heart was set on prolonging our stay so thrill were we by the plane
• have (got) your heart set on something (idiom): to want something very much,
so that you would be very disappointed if you do not get it.
She has got her heart set on ballet lessons.

6. The north west of Britain has more rain each year than the southeast.
—> The annual _________________________________________________
Answer: The annual rainfall for the North West of Britain is greater than that in the
southeast.

7. They declared war on the pretext of defending their territorial rights.

—►The ____________
Answer: The excuse for the declaration of the war is the defence of their territorial rights.
• Pretext (n): a pretended reason for doing something that is used to hide the real
reason
I called her on the pretext of needing more information.
He came round to see on some flimsy (=obviously false) pretext.
8. No one stands a chance of beating Mansell in this year‟s championship.
—► It‟s a foregone ________
Answer: It‟s a foregone conclusion that Mansell in this year‟s championship.
9. This house is very different from the little flat we used to live in. (cry)
—►This house _______________________________
Answer: This house is a far cry from the little flat we used to live in.
• be a far cry from something (idiom): to be completely different from something
.
10. The spectators got so angry that they had to cancel the football match.
—> Such ________________________________________________________
Answer: Such was the anger of the spectators that they had to cancel the football
match.
Đảo ngữ của so/ such:
• So + tính từ + trợ động từ + chủ ngữ + danh từ
He worked so hard that he forgot his lunch.
 So hard did he worked that he forgot his lunch
• Such + be + N + that + clause
Her anger was such that she broke the vase
 Such was her anger that she broke the vase.

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