Apresentação ao Verbo To Be

O verbo to be corresponde aos verbos ser e estar em português. Usamos o “ser”

para designar algo permanente e o “estar” para nos referir a algo momentâneo,
passageiro. Já no inglês o verbo “to be” abrange ambos os sentidos. Ele é
essencial para se iniciar o aprendizado da língua inglesa, além de ser um dos
verbos mais importantes.

Na forma negativa acrescentamos o not após o verbo. Já na forma interrogativa,

invertemos a ordem do verbo e do pronome.
Presente do indicativo verbo TO BE /to work
PRONOMES PRESENTE CONTRAÍDA NEGATIVA CONTRAÍDA

I EU am I’m I am not from minas gerais I’m not

You tu/você are You’re You are not a good student You aren’t

He ele is He’s He is not mocking me. He isn’t

She ela is She’s She is not ugly She isn’t

It (objeto) is It’s It is not small It isn’t

We nós are We’re We are not We aren’t

you vocês/vós are happy You’re You are not sad You aren’t

They Eles are far They’re They are not close/nearby They aren’t
Pronomes Pessoais
EU I AM NOT
TU/VOCÊ YOU ARE YOU AREN’T
ELE HE IS ISN’T
ELA SHE IS ISN’T
ELE/ELA (OBJETO/ANIMAIS) IT IS ISN’T
NÓS WE ARE AREN’T
VOCÊS YOU ARE AREN’T
ELES THEY ARE AREN’T
I’m not fat.
I’m fat.
I’m pretty. I’m very beautiful. I’m gorgeous. feio/ugly
I am not ugly./I’m not ugly.
He is handsome. (beautiful)
She is very polite.
She isn’t polite. She is rude.
We are happy.
We are not/aren’t sad.
They are curious. curiosity
They are not curious.
Pretérito simples (era/estava) I was
O verbo to be no passado utiliza duas conjugações: • O was, que é usado para a
1ª e 3ª pessoas do singular (I, he/she/it); • o were, que é usado para as restantes
(you, we, you, they).
I, he, she e it - was (pretérito)
you, we e they - were

Veja agora sua conjugação na forma negativa. Como já dissemos anteriormente,

para transformar a forma afirmativa para a negativa basta acrescentar depois do
verbo a palavra “not”. You are/were not/weren’t
Pretérito simples
PRONOMES PRETÉRITO NEGATIVA CONTRAÍDA

I ME Eu was I was not I wasn’t

You Você were You were not You weren’t

He was He was not He wasn’t

She was She was not She wasn’t

It was It was not It wasn’t

We Nós were We were not We weren’t

you vocês were You were not You weren’t

They eles were They were not They weren’t

Substitue a palavra grifada pelo pronome pessoal adequado
1. The girl likes cats. (A garota gosta de gatos) _She____likes cats.

2. The tree is very tall. (A árvore é muito alta). It __very tall

3. She and I are eating an ice cream. (Ela e eu estamos comendo sorvete) _We are__ eating an ice cream.

4. The children are happy.(child) (As crianças estão felizes) They_are__happy.

5. The man was walking. (O homem estava caminhando). He__ was walking.

6. My father and I are going to the park. We’re__ going to the park.

7. The woman is happy. (sad) (women) She’s__ happy.

8. The apple is nice. It’s _ nice.

9. The car is beautiful. (ugly) It’s__ beautiful.

10. My sister is 9 years old. She is_ 9 years old.

11. The bicycle is red. __It__ is__ red

Complete com o pronome pessoal adequado
1. __He__is reading a book. (Willy) / Who is reading a book?
2. __It__is green. (The blackboard) board - prancha / What color is the blackboard?
3. _They__are on the wall (The posters) / Where are the posters?
4. __It_is running. (The dog) / Where is the dog ? / What is the dog doing?
5. _We__are watching TV. (My mother and I) / What are you and your mother doing?
6. __They___are in the garden. (The flowers) / Where are the flowers?
7. __He__is riding his bike. (Tom) / What is Tom doing ? Where is Tom riding his bike? He is riding in
the park.
8. __They__ are dirty. (Robin’s shoes) /Are Robin’s shoes clean?
9. __She___has/have got a brother. (Diana) Does she have a brother ?
Forma Interrogativa (interrogative tense)
PRESENTE PRETÉRITO

Am I UGLY? Was I here in my room yesterday? /Are you bored?/ / No, I’m not.

Are you? Were you? Were you in the shopping yesterday ? no, I was not.

Is he?(fine) Was he? Was he in the bank ? No, he was not/wasn’t.

Is she nice? Was she? Was she a good teacher?No, she wasn’t.

Is it difficult? Was it? Was your job difficult? Yes, it was / No, it wasn’t.

Are we? Were we? Were we at school yesterday ? Yes, we were. / No, we were
not. / No, we weren’t

Are you in the movies? Were you? Were you at the church. ? Yes, we were. /No, weren’t

Are they in the store? Were they? Were they at the beach ? Yes, they were. / No, they were not.

bitch/beach
Exemplos no presente
PRESENTE NEGATIVA Interrogativa

I am slim. (magro) I am not slim. Was I slim?

You are happy You are not happy. Were you happy?

He is there. He is not there. Is he there? Here

She is sleeping. She is not sleeping. Is she sleeping?

It is tall. It’s not tall. Is it tall?

We are friends. We are not friends. Are we friends?

You are tired. You are not tired. Are you tired? were you tired?

They are doctors They are not doctors Are they doctors? were they doctors?

Yes, they are doctors/…They’re doctors. Yes, I am.

Last thoughts… Briefly describe what have you learned today?

Entendendo melhor a aplicação do verbo to be
Já aprendemos que usaremos o verbo to be no presente nas seguintes formas: am para
primeira pessoa (I), is para terceira pessoa do singular (he,she,it) e are para segunda
pessoa do singular (you), primeira pessoa do plural (we) e segunda e terceira pessoa do
plural (you, they).

Sendo assim falamos da seguinte forma em frases afirmativas no presente:

I am from Brazil.

He/she is a good cook. You are good neighbours. (vizinhos)

It is a terrible day. They are annoying my dog. (chato)

We are going to the mall.

Não confunda!
Saiba diferenciar os pronomes pessoais dos verbos e substantivos que compõem a sentença.
Pronomes pessoais são aqueles que indicam o sujeito, normalmente o autor da ação ou a pessoa/objeto afetada por aquela ação.

O verbo que pode vir à frente do pronome em caso de afirmações, ou atrás do pronome pessoal em caso de perguntas, é a ação!
No caso estamos estudando sobre o verbo TO BE, a ação de ser ou estar.

Em sua forma negativa como estudamos, se acrescenta o not á frente, ou sua forma abreviada

isn’t e aren’t. (Observação, não existe forma abreviada da primeira pessoa na forma negativa: I’m not good. I m not good) I ain’t.

Finalizando, para formular perguntas com o verbo to be, coloque-o atrás do pronome pessoal, exemplo:

Are you going to the party?

Is he a good friend?
Complete a conversação e identifique os pronomes dos verbos

___How_are___?___
____am__fine__, how about you?
__Fine __, thanks for asking./great/ok/good/so so/not so good/ bad
____Great___, I hope you are having a good day!
__Are__you happy?

____she a good teacher?

____we in the same class? No, we’re not.

It____a good day for a walk.

_____you a good soccer player?

I ______ a good soccer player.

Complete as orações com o verbo to Be, identifique os pronomes e traduza as sentenças.

1. The cook........... in the kitchen.

2. English........... an easy language.

3. They............... in that hotel. (aquele)

4. The car............. in the garage.

5. The tourists........ on the bus and ready to go.

6. They............... Spanish, from Toledo.

8. He.......... a....good..... musician and plays several instruments. (muitos/vários)

9. Mr. Jones........... in a bad temper.

10. You ……….. very young!

Are you a good driver? Yes, I am.

Do you like travelling? Yes, I am like too much. Are we going to travel?

Is she a pretty woman? No she is not.

Is your boss nice? No, he is not.

Are we going to the mall? Yes, we are.

Finalizando o verbo TO BE. Traduza as sentenças

1. Where _____ you from?

2. Vienna ____ in Austria. annoying he is annoying me

3. I_____ hungry. Let’s have lunch.

4. Lisbon ______ in Spain.

5. _____ she 15 years old? Yes, she is.

6. English ___ boring! It’s interesting!

7. They ____ very happy. They are crying.

8. We ______ tired. We are going to bed.

SAUDAÇÕES/ (pratique-as) greetings
Olá Hello/Hi/How are you? See you soon Até logo

Bom dia Good morning Merry Christmas Feliz Natal

Boa tarde Good afternoon Happy New Year Feliz Ano novo

Boa noite Good evening (ao chegar) Congratulations Parabéns

Boa noite ao se despedir Good night (ao se despedir) Good luck Boa sorte

Com licença Excuse me God Bless you Saúde (quando espirrar)

Até logo See you soon (logo)

Sinto muito I’m sorry

Tchau bye/good bye

How would you answer?
1 a: (sneezes) Atchooo! b: __________

2 a: It’s my birthday today. b: ___________

3 a: How are you? b: ______,?

4 a: I passed my exam! b: _____________

5 a: Goodbye! b: Bye. See ____

CONVERSAÇÃO
APROXIMAÇÃO PRÁTICA

1ª Hello, good morning! My name is______ Hello, good afternoon! My name is_____. What’s your name?

1ª What’s your name? Hi ____. My name is______. How are you? / How about you?

2ª How are you? Very well, thank you. And you?

1ª Where are you from? I am fine.

DESPEDIDA Where are you from?

Excuse me, but I have to go. I am from Brazil. And you?

It was nice to meet you./Nice to meet you too. I am from Australia.

Good bye, see you soon. pretty Cool!/Great!/Nice!

Excuse me, but I have to go. Nice to meet you____.

It was my pleasure./ Nice to meet you too.

Good bye, see you soon.

What do you do?
Hi Eduardo, my name is Gabriel and I’m an english teacher. What do you do?

Hi Gabriel, I'm a police officer. From the Military Police of Minas Gerais.

That’s pretty cool, and do you like your job?

Yes, I like it a little bit. I kind of like it more or less. I like it so so.

What do you like to do for fun? Do you have any hobbies?

I really like to travel and dive.

VERB “TO HAVE”
Presente simples Contraído Negativa Contraída

I have I’ve I have not I haven’t

You have You’ve you have not You haven’t

She/he/it has She’s (raro) He/she/it has not He/she/it hasn’t

We have We’ve We have not We haven’t

You have You’ve You have not You haven’t

They have They’ve They have not They haven’t

Complete as lacúnas com a forma correta do verbo to
have
1. The boy has a dog.

2, The girl has a doll. man,men/woman,women.

3. They have a football match on saturday afternoon.

4. The women .have.. a cup of tea everyday.

5. The girl .....has...... a new dress for the party.

6. We ......have........... a holiday in August.

7. Mr. Jones and Mrs. Jones.......have...... a bad temper.

8. You .....have...... a nice smile.

Usando a forma do presente simples complete as lacunas
1. I ___have___ many books.

2. You __have____ an apartment.

3. He ___has___ a bicycle.

4. We ___have___ fun.

5. They ___have____ two sleds.

6. She __has____ milk in her tea.

7. I ____have___ a warm sweater.

8. We ___have____ breakfast at eight o'clock.

9. He ___has____ an alarm clock.

10. They ____have____ a sense of humor.

Muito importante! Usando o verbo auxiliar para fazer perguntas.

Usa-se o verbo auxiliar DO para fazer perguntas e também para respondê-las.

O verbo possui variações dependendo do pronome, forma afirmativa/negativa ou tempo que for empregado.

Pronomes Verbo auxiliar em perguntas presente simples Resposta (Imagine quem está respondendo a pergunta)

I Do you like playing video games? Yes, I do/No, I do not

You Do you like dogs? Yes, I do./No, I don’t.

He/she/it Does he like soccer? Yes, he does/No, he doesn’t.

We Do we go to the mall? Are we going to the mall? Yes, we do/No we don’t.

You Do you travel a lot? Are you going to travel? Yes, we do/No, we don’t.

They Do they always fight like that? Are they going to fight? Yes, they do/No they don’t.
Verbo auxiliar no presente/pretérito e negativo to do
Pronomes Presente Pretérito Pretérito Negativo Contraída

I do did did not didn’t

YOU do did did not didn’t

HE does did did not didn’t

SHE does did did not didn’t

IT does did did not didn’t

WE do did did not didn’t

YOU do did did not didn’t

THEY do did did not didn’t

Usando o verbo auxiliar para fazer perguntas
Interrogativa Negativa

Do I have a car? I don’t.

Does he have a bicycle and likes to ride? He doesn’t.

Does she speak english, and likes to talk? I don’t.

Do you like to travel? Yes, I do like to travel.

Do they play soccer? They don’t play soccer.

Do you like to drive? Do you go to the gym? Did you drive well? Did you make your own dinner?

Does she want a job? Do you go out on the weekends?

Do you travel a lot? Do you exercise? Do you run?

Presente/futuro - __Did__we watch soccer yesterday? Nós iremos assistir a partida de futebol amanhã? Are we going to watch the soccer game tomorrow?

presente/futuro _Does_he work at the bar? ______he work at the bar? Você irá viajar este final de ano? Do you going to travel at the end of the year?
 White Board
Simple Present (to be) Simple Past Contracted form (negative)

I am was I am not

You are were You’re not you aren’t

He/She/It is was he´s not he isn´t

we are were we´re not we aren´t in the living room

you are were you´re not you aren´t intelligent (smart)

they are were they´re not they aren´t dumb/stupid/

Prática (verb to be)
Future negative form

I will I’ll not

you will you will not you’ll not

he will he´ll not

we will we´ll not

you will you´ll not

they will they´ll not

Verbo “Do” como auxiliar ou verbo de ação
O verbo Do pode ser usado em frases na construção de perguntas e ao respondê-las.
Nesses casos o verbo não necessariamente indica uma ação.

Exemplo: Do you like coffee? - Nessa frase a ação vem do verbo “Like” que significa
gostar, o verbo “Do” foi usado meramente como auxiliar, para elaborar a pergunta.

Porém o verbo Do pode ser usado como verbo de ação, normalmente seu significado seria
traduzido para o verbo “fazer”. Exemplo:

I do english classes. I’m doing yoga. I do swimming classes.

Na frase acima o verbo “do” não foi usado como auxiliar, nem para construir uma pergunta,
mas sim indicar a ação principal da frase que é : Eu “faço” aulas de inglês.
Usando Have not / Did not / Didn’t
Aprendemos que podemos usar o verbo “have” em sua forma negativa
acrescentando o not ao seu final.

Podemos também responder de forma negativa usando o verbo “do” em sua

forma auxiliar + o not, ou de forma contraída “don’t”.

I have not studied today. You haven’t eaten your food.

I didn’t study today. You didn’t eat your food.

I did not study today. You did not eat your food.
Regras ao usar o Verbo Auxiliar “Do”
Já aprendemos que quando construímos uma frase no pretérito colocamos o verbo de ação na sua forma
“pretérita”.

I play soccer. I played soccer. You like chess. You liked chess.

You cry too much. You cried too much. She works hard. She worked hard.

E para criar perguntas acrescentamos o “do” antes do pronome:

Do you play soccer? Does she like to swim?

Do we go on vacation? Does it hurt?

Regra IMPORTANTE! Ao usar o verbo do + um verbo de ação
Você deve ter percebido que ao usar o verbo auxiliar “do” pode haver uma alteração na forma de usar o verbo de ação.

Exemplo: Did they like the vacation? Did they travel?

She does not(doesn’t) work. Does she work?

She does work.

Nessas duas frases eu digo que ela não trabalha e que ela trabalha.

Mas o verbo work assim como muitos outros verbos, possuem uma forma alternativa ao serem usados na 3ª pessoa do singular, exemplo:

She works. Does she work? Yes, she works

He plays soccer. Does he play soccer? Yes, he does

It crashes.

Ao usar o verbo auxiliar “does” na terceira pessoa, você não precisa alterar a conjugação do verbo de ação subsequente. Exemplo na forma negativa:

He doesn’t go on vacation. O verbo “go” ao ser usado na 3ª pessoa do singular seria conjugado “goes”, mas o uso do verbo auxiliar previamente, retira a necessidade de conjugar ambos os verbos no pretérito.
Verbo auxiliar alterando a conjugação do verbo subsequente

Para ter melhor compreensão sobre esse tópico. Imagine que sempre que você
usar o verbo auxiliar seja em perguntas, respostas ou afirmações. Ele será
conjugado corretamente de acordo com o seu pronome correspondente.

Nesses casos os verbos de ação não necessitam de alterações.

Pratique o verbo auxiliar nas seguintes frases e complete quando necessário com o
verbo de ações da forma correta
Perguntas: Responda:
___you____watching movies?(like) (presente)

____he____the piano?(play) (presente)

____it_____too long to go to Brazil?(take) (presente)

____we____the game?(lose) (passado)

____you____the series?(watch) (passado)

____she_____ high school? (finish) (passado)