Manual Sharp EL-9900
Manual Sharp EL-9900
MODEL
EL-9900
GRAPHING CALCULATOR
GRAPHING CALCULATOR
OPERATION MANUAL
SHARP CORPORATION
02CGK(TINSE0511EHZZ)
PRINTED IN CHINA/IMPRIMÉ EN CHINE/IMPRESO EN CHINA
®
Declaration of Conformity
Graphing Calculator: EL-9900
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two
conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept
any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
Responsible Party:
SHARP ELECTRONICS CORPORATION
Sharp Plaza, Mahwah, New Jersey 07430-1163
TEL: 1-800-BE-SHARP
WARNING — FCC Regulations state that any unauthorized changes or modifications to this
equipment not expressly approved by the manufacturer could void the user’s authority to
operate this equipment.
Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital
device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules.
These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a
residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy
and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interfer-
ence to radio communications.
However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this
equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be
determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the
interference by one or more of the following measures:
— Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
— Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
— Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is
connected.
— Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
Note: A shielded interface cable is required to ensure compliance with FCC regulations for Class B
certification.
Model Number
Serial Number
Date of Purchase
Place of Purchase
• Reversible Keyboard to suit the needs of students’ levels, ranging from middle-
school level arithmetic to high-school calculus, and beyond,
• Graphing Capability to help you visualize what you are working on,
• Slide Show Function to help you understand common formulas, prepare for presen-
tations,
We strongly recommend you read this manual thoroughly. If not, then browse through
the very first chapter “Getting Started”, at least. Last, but not least, congratulations on
purchasing the Graphing Calculator!
NOTICE
• The material in this manual is supplied without representation or warranty of any
kind. SHARP assumes no responsibility and shall have no liability of any kind,
consequential or otherwise, from the use of this material.
• SHARP strongly recommends that separate permanent written records be kept of all
important data. Data may be lost or altered in virtually any electronic memory
product under certain circumstances. Therefore, SHARP assumes no responsibility
for data lost or otherwise rendered unusable whether as a result of improper use,
repairs, defects, battery replacement, use after the specified battery life has expired,
or any other cause.
• SHARP assumes no responsibility, directly or indirectly, for financial losses or claims
from third persons resulting from the use of this product and any of its functions, the
loss of or alteration of stored data, etc.
• The information provided in this manual is subject to change without notice.
• Screens and keys shown in this manual may differ from the actual ones on the
calculator.
• Some of the accessories and optional parts described in this manual may not be
available at the time you purchase this product.
• Some of the accessories and optional parts described in this manual may be
unavailable in some countries.
• All company and/or product names are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of
their respective holders. i
Reversible Keyboard
This calculator comes equipped with a reversible keyboard. Reverse the keyboard to
select Basic Mode or Advanced Mode.
Basic Mode
A green background color keyboard with basic mathematical functions. This mode is
suitable for learning mathematics in lower grades.
ii
iii
iv
Chapter 4
Basic Graphing Features — Basic Keyboard ......................................................... 50
1. Try it! ........................................................................................................................50
2. Explanations of Various Graphing Keys ................................................................. 52
3. Other Useful Graphing Features ............................................................................. 58
Substitution feature ............................................................................................... 63
Chapter 5
Advanced Calculations — Advanced Keyboard .................................................... 66
1. Try it! ........................................................................................................................66
2. Various Calculation Keys ........................................................................................ 67
3. Calculations Using MATH Menu ............................................................................. 70
4. More Variables: Single Value Variables and LIST Variables ................................... 80
5. TOOL Menu .............................................................................................................81
6. SETUP Menu .......................................................................................................... 83
Chapter 6
Advanced Graphing Features — Advanced Keyboard .......................................... 84
1. Try it! ........................................................................................................................84
2. Graphing Parametric Equations .............................................................................. 87
3. Polar Graphing ........................................................................................................ 88
4. Graphing Sequences .............................................................................................. 89
5. The CALC Function ................................................................................................93
6. Format Setting ........................................................................................................ 95
7. Zoom Functions ......................................................................................................96
8. Setting a Window .................................................................................................... 98
9. Tables ...................................................................................................................... 99
10. The DRAW Function ............................................................................................. 102
11. Substitution Feature ..............................................................................................114
Chapter 7
SLIDE SHOW Feature .............................................................................................. 115
1. Try it! ..................................................................................................................... 115
2. The SLIDE SHOW menu ...................................................................................... 118
Chapter 8
Matrix Features ........................................................................................................ 120
1. Try it! ..................................................................................................................... 120
2. Entering and Viewing a Matrix ............................................................................. 122
Editing keys and functions ..................................................................................123
3. Normal Matrix Operations ..................................................................................... 124
4. Special Matrix Operations ..................................................................................... 125
Calculations using OPE menus ......................................................................... 125
Calculations using MATH menus ....................................................................... 129
Use of [ ] menus .................................................................................................. 130
Chapter 9
List Features ............................................................................................................ 131
1. Try it! ..................................................................................................................... 131
2. Creating a list ....................................................................................................... 133
3. Normal List Operations .........................................................................................133
4. Special List Operations .........................................................................................135
Calculations using the OPE menu functions ..................................................... 135
Calculations using MATH Menus ....................................................................... 139
5. Drawing multiple graphs using the list function ................................................... 141
6. Using L_DATA functions ........................................................................................142
7. Using List Table to Enter or Edit Lists .................................................................. 143
How to enter the list ............................................................................................ 143
How to edit the list ..............................................................................................144
Chapter 10
Statistics & Regression Calculations .................................................................... 145
1. Try it! ..................................................................................................................... 145
2. Statistics Features ................................................................................................149
1. STAT menus .................................................................................................. 149
2. Statistical evaluations available under the C CALC menu .......................... 150
3. Graphing the statistical data ................................................................................ 153
1. Graph Types .................................................................................................. 153
2. Specifying statistical graph and graph functions ......................................... 157
3. Statistical plotting on/off function ................................................................. 157
4. Trace function of statistical graphs .............................................................. 158
4. Data list operations ...............................................................................................159
5. Regression Calculations ....................................................................................... 160
6. Statistical Hypothesis Testing .............................................................................. 165
7. Distribution functions ............................................................................................ 177
Chapter 11
Financial Features ................................................................................................... 183
1. Try it! 1 .................................................................................................................. 183
Try it! 2 .................................................................................................................. 187
2. CALC functions .....................................................................................................189
3. VARS Menu .......................................................................................................... 193
Chapter 12
The SOLVER Feature ................................................................................................194
1. Three Analysis Methods: Equation, Newton, and Graphic .................................. 194
2. Saving/Renaming Equations for Later Use ......................................................... 200
3. Recalling a Previously Saved Equation ............................................................... 201
vi
Chapter 13
Programming Features ........................................................................................... 202
1. Try it! ..................................................................................................................... 202
2. Programming Hints ...............................................................................................204
3. Variables .............................................................................................................. 206
Setting a variable ................................................................................................206
4. Operands ............................................................................................................. 206
Comparison operands ........................................................................................206
5. Programming commands ...................................................................................... 207
A PRGM menu ....................................................................................................207
B BRNCH menu .................................................................................................. 209
C SCRN menu ....................................................................................................209
D I/O menu ......................................................................................................... 209
E SETUP menu .................................................................................................. 210
F FORMAT menu ................................................................................................211
G S_PLOT menu ................................................................................................213
6. Flow control tools .................................................................................................. 214
7. Other menus convenient for programming .......................................................... 216
H COPY menu ....................................................................................................216
VARS menu ....................................................................................................... 217
8. Debugging ............................................................................................................ 219
9. Sample programs .................................................................................................. 220
Chapter 14
OPTION Menu ........................................................................................................... 222
Accessing the OPTION Menu .................................................................................... 222
1. Adjusting the screen contrast ...................................................................... 222
2. Checking the memory usage ....................................................................... 222
3. Deleting files .................................................................................................. 224
4. Linking to another EL-9900 or PC ............................................................... 224
5. Reset function ...............................................................................................227
Appendix ................................................................................................................... 228
1. Replacing Batteries ...............................................................................................228
2. Troubleshooting Guide ..........................................................................................231
3. Specifications ....................................................................................................... 233
4. Error Codes and Error Messages ........................................................................ 235
5. Error Conditions Relating to Specific Tasks ........................................................ 237
1. Financial ....................................................................................................... 237
2. Error conditions during financial calculations .............................................. 239
3. Distribution function ...................................................................................... 239
6. Calculation Range ................................................................................................. 241
1. Arithmetic calculation .................................................................................... 241
2. Function calculation ...................................................................................... 241
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viii
Since the display contrast may vary with the ambient temperature
and/or remaining battery power, you may want to adjust the
contrast accordingly. Here’s how:
1. Press @, then p.
1 Display screen:
Displays up to 132 pixels wide by 64 pixels tall of graphs and texts.
2 Power ON/OFF key:
Turns calculator ON. To turn off the calculator, press @, then o.
3 Key operation keys:
These keys are used to change the key functions.
@: Changes the cursor to “2”, and the next keystroke enters the
function or mode printed above each key in yellow.
A: Changes the cursor to “A”, and the next keystroke enters the
alphabetical letter printed above each key in purple.
Note: Press @ . to lock the specific keys in the alphabet
entering mode. (ALPHA-LOCK)
4 Graphing keys:
These keys specify settings for the graphing-related mode.
Menu keys (Function of these keys may vary between basic and advanced mode.)
@ x: Specify x-1
x-1 F
Operation of y A F: Specify character F
2
y: Specify x
• Press “as is” to get the function and number printed on each key.
• To access secondary function printed above each key in yellow, press
@ first, then press the key. Press C to cancel.
• To press the key printed above each key in purple, press A first,
then press the key. When in Menu selection screen however, you do
not have to press A to access the characters. Press C to
cancel.
• If you want enter alphabetical letters (purple) sequentially, use @
.. Press A to return to the normal mode.
• In this manual, alphanumeric characters to be entered are indicated
as they are (without using the key symbols). Use of the key symbol
indicates that it is for selecting the menu specified by the character or
number. The above example also indicates the key notation rules of
this manual.
8. Press O.
When you reverse the keyboard, the following settings are automatically changed.
Basic → Advanced
• Simplifying: Auto (Auto at SIMPLE in SETUP menu)
Advanced → Basic
• Coordinate system: Rectangular coordinates (Rect at COORD
in SETUP menu.)
• Answer mode: Displays a mixed number if ANSWER is set to
complex numbers.
• Angle unit: Set to Deg if DRG is set to Grad.
• Decimal format: Set to FloatPt if FSE is set to Eng.
At first, you may calculate how many cups of warm milk are
required for 1 doughnut =
3
4 ÷ 18
As for the ordinary calculator, the answer is 0.041666666. But
how much is 0.04166666 of a cup of warm milk? The Basic mode
of this graphing calculator is initially set to the fraction answer
mode instead of the decimal answer mode. You may easily obtain
the answer in fraction.
10
1
Now we have found 24 of a cup of warm milk is required per one
doughnut, how many cups are required for 60 doughnuts?
If you want to use the answer of the previous calculation, press
b and you do not have to reenter the value.
7. Press 60.
8. Press E.
1
Answer: 2
2 cups of warm milk are required for making 60 doughnuts.
11
3. Press C.
Now the answer mode is set to the decimal answer mode and 2.5
is displayed.
12
The standard calculation keys, located at the bottom four rows of the keyboard,
enable you to access the basic functions of the calculator.
13
1. Entering numbers
Use the number keys (0 ~ 9), decimal point key (.), and negative
number key (_) to enter numbers into the calculator. To clear the screen entry,
press C.
14
Perform an Example
arithmetic Obtain the answer to “6 × 5 + 3
calculation – 2”.
#C6|5+3
-2E
Cursor Basics
The cursor indicates where the next entry will be placed. The cursor may be placed
automatically to different areas by various functions and tools, or can be moved
around by using the ; ' { } keys. Use the cursor keys to select a
menu item, select a cell item in a matrix, and trace along a graph.
15
Example
Enter “ 4 65536 × 3 8 ” in the Calculation screen. Jump the cursor
to the beginning of the expression (just for this exercise), then
press E to calculate.
1. Press #, then C to clear the display.
2. Enter 4 for the root’s depth, then press @ _.
The root figure is entered, with the cursor automatically placed
below the figure.
For detailed instructions of how to use the @ key, refer to
“Second Function Key” and “ALPHA Key” in this chapter.
3. Enter 65536.
At this moment, the cursor is still placed under the root figure.
4. Press ' to move the cursor out of the area, then enter
| at the cursor.
5. Press @ _ again. Notice that the cursor is automati-
cally placed so that you can specify the depth of this root
figure. Type 3, }, and 8.
6. Press E to obtain the
answer.
Cursor appear- The cursor also displays information regarding the calculator’s
ance and input input method. See the following diagram.
method
16
Editing Entries
Editing modes The calculator has the following two editing modes: equation
mode, and one line mode.
You can select one from the G EDITOR menu of the SETUP
menu.
Equation editor One line editor
About the Insert When the editing mode is set to one-line, insert mode needs to
mode be manually specified. Press and release @, then i to
set the insert mode. Press @ i again to return to the
overwrite mode.
The C key clears all screen entries in the Calculation screen,
as well as clearing error messages. It also clears a single line
equation in the Y screen. For more information on the Y
key, refer to Chapters 4 and 6 of the manual.
Example
Type 3096, then change 3 to 4. When done, jump the cursor to
the very end of the numbers.
#C3096;
;;;D4
'''
17
Example
Type 4500000, then remove 500.
#C4500000;
;;BB
B
Tips: You can jump the cursor to the beginning or the end of line by
using the @ and ; ' keys. To learn about how to
use the @ key and its functions, refer to the section “Second
Function Key” of this chapter.
18
ALPHA Key
Use A to enter an alphabet character. With the Basic keyboard, all 26 alphabet
characters from “A” up to “Z”, and space can be typed; the Advanced keyboard has all
26 characters accessible, as well as “θ ”, “=”, “ : ”, and space.
All functions associated with A are color coded purple, and are printed above
each key.
Note: Do not type out math figures (sin, log, etc.), graph equation
names (Y1, Y2, etc.), list names (L1, L2, etc.), or matrix names
(mat A, mat B, etc.), etc. with A keys. If “SIN” is entered from
A mode, then each alphabet character — “S”, “I” and “N” —
will be entered as a variable. Call up the figure and equation
names from within the second functions and various menus
instead. If a colon (:) is used, data may continue to be entered in
more than one term.
19
Advanced keyboard
Mathematical functions can be called up quickly with the Math Function keys. The
Math Function key sets for both the Basic and Advanced Keyboards are designed to
suit the needs of calculations at each level.
Q Reduces a fraction
20
0 Enters “10 to the xth power”, then sets the cursor at the “x”
@ Enters “e-constant to the power of x”, then sets the cursor at the
“ x”
b Enters a fraction.
a Enters an exponent.
_ By itself enters a “root” figure; the cursor will be set at “a”, the
depth.
21
d
;2'3}4'
22
23
5. Type 3 4 . 5 6 7 ,
0 ), and press E.
SETUP Menu
Use this menu to verify basic configurations, such as to define the calculator’s editing
preferences, and scientific and mathematical base units.
24
4. Press # C to clear
the Calculation screen, type
1 0 0 0 y, then E.
25
TAB: Sets the number of digits beyond the decimal point (0 through 9).
The default is “9”.
26
Notes: Immediately after changing the EDITOR, the calculator will return
to the calculation screen and the following data will be cleared.
• ENTRY memory
• Equations stored in the graph equation window (Y)
• Equations temporally stored in the SOLVER window (@
')
* Resetting to the default settings (@ p E 1)
will also clear the above data.
Expression of up to 114 bytes can be enetered in the Equation
edit mode. If the expression exceed the screen width, it is
horizontally extended.
Expression of up to 160 bytes can be entered in One-line edit
mode. if the expression exceed the screen width, it goes to the
next line.
Note: All the procedures in this manual are explained using the default
settings unless otherwise specified.
Precedence of Calculations
When solving a mathematical expression, this calculator inter-
nally looks for the following figures and methods (sorted in the
order of evaluation):
1) Fractions (1/4, a/b, , etc.)
2) Complex angles (∠)
3) Single calculation functions before a numerical value (X2, X-1,
!, “ ° ”, “ r ”, and “ g ”)
a
4) Exponential functions (ab, , etc)
5) Multiplications between a value and a stored variable/con-
stant, with “×” abbreviated (2π, 2A, etc.)
6) Single calculation functions after a numerical value (sin, cos,
tan, sin-1, cos-1, tan-1, log, 10x, ln, ex, , abs, int, ipart, fpart,
(–), not, neg, etc.)
27
1st 4th
2nd 5th
3rd
6th
• If parentheses are used, parenthesized calculations have
precedence over any other calculations.
Error Messages
The calculator will display an error message when a given
command is handled incorrectly, or when instructions cannot be
handled correctly such that the task cannot be processed further.
Various types of error messages are given to inform users the
types of situations to be remedied.
For example, performing the
following key strokes:
5|E
will result in an error, and the
error message will be displayed.
In such a situation, you can go back to the expression to correct
its syntax by pressing ; or ', or you can erase the
entire line to start over by pressing C.
For a list of various error codes and messages, refer to the
appendix.
28
Note: If the above verification window does not appear, remove the
battery cover and gently push the RESET switch with the tip of a
ball-point pen or a similar object.
DO NOT use a tip of a pencil
or mechanical pencil, a
broken lead may cause a
damage to the button mecha-
nism.
29
3. The first item 1 default set will initialize only the SETUP and
FORMAT settings, while the second item 2 All memory will
erase all memory contents and settings. To reset the memory,
select 2 All memory by pressing 2. The verification
window will appear.
4. Press the C key to clear
all data stored on the
calculator.
Press any key to continue.
30
1. Try it!
The speed of light is known to be 186,282
miles (approximately 300,000 kilometers) per
second. That means light can go around the
earth 7 and a half times within a second!
Suppose you are standing at the equator.
While the earth rotates over the period of one
day, you also rotate around the globe at a
certain speed. Knowing the facts above, can
you figure out how fast you are traveling, in
miles per hour?
CONCEPT
1. Enter a math expression, then perform the calculation.
2. Save a number into a variable, then recall the value later.
PROCEDURE
1. First, press #, then C to clear any screen entries.
2. Type 186282 = 7.5,
then press E. The
circumference of the earth is
thus obtained.
32
2. Arithmetic Keys
Performing There are various keys for arithmetic calculations. Use the +
addition, - | =, _, ( and ) keys to perform
subtraction, basic arithmetic calculations. Press E to solve an equation.
multiplication
and division
E Executes an expression.
Example
• Calculate 1 + 2.
#C1+2E
33
Entering a number
with a negative value
Note: Do not use the - key to enter a negative value; use the
_ key instead.
34
Q E (Simplified by 2,
the lowest common factor of 12
and 6.)
Q E (Simplified by 3,
the lowest common factor of 6
and 3.)
35
Q 6 E (Manually
specify 6, the Greatest Com-
mon Factor of 12 and 6, to
simplify the fraction.)
Note: If the wrong number is specified for a common factor, an error will
occur.
Q is effective in a fraction calculation mode only (when the
ANSWER mode is set to Mixed or Improp in the SETUP menu).
36
37
38
Second To access the second function of a key (printed above the keys in
functions yellow), press and release @, then press the key you want to
use.
_ Enters “ a ”.
Example
• Bring 4 to the 5th root. (= 1.319507911)
5@_4E
Note: When no depth of power is entered, “ a ” is entered, with both
number areas left blank.
C@_5'4E
39
r Recalls a variable.
Example
• Set C = 8.
8RACE
Recall the value of C.
@rACE
40
e Recalls the previous entry. This is useful when you want to modify
the previous entry, rather than reenter the whole expression over.
Example
• Calculate 4 × 6.
4|6E
Next, calculate 4 × 8.
@eB8E
Note: Executed expressions are stored in a temporary memory in the
executed order. If the temporary memory is full, the oldest data is
automatically deleted. Be aware that e may not function on
these occasions.
A maximum of 160 bytes can be stored in the temporary memory.
The capacity may vary when there are division codes between
expressions.
When switching from equation edit mode to one-line edit mode in
the SETUP menu, all the numerical and graph equations stored in
the temporary memory are cleared and cannot be recalled.
j Calls up the CATALOG menu. From the CATALOG menu, you can
directly access various functions in the menus.
• Functions are listed in alphabetic order.
• Move the cursor using the {/} keys and press E
to access or enter the function.
• Press A and an appropriate alphabetic key (A to Z) to
navigate the catalog.
• Press A + {/} to scroll the catalog page by page
and press @ + {/} to jump to the beginning or the
end of the catalog.
• See page 246 for details.
41
A Note about The degree and radian systems are two of the basic methods of
Degrees and measuring angles. There are 360 degrees in a circle, and “2-pi”
Radians radians. 1 degree is equal to pi/180 radians. “Then, what’s this
pi?”, you may ask. Pi, or to use its symbol “π”, is the ratio of the
circumference of a circle to its diameter. The value of π is the
same for any circle “3.14...”, and it is believed to have an infinite
number of digits beyond the decimal point.
A CALC
The CALC sub-menu contains items to be used in calculations
containing trigonometric and logarithmic functions.
Note: The following examples show keystrokes with keyboard shortcuts.
It is also possible to select a sub-menu item using the cursor
keys.
42
B NUM
Use the NUM sub-menu items when converting between various
number systems.
1 abs( abs(value)
Returns an absolute value.
* A real number, a list, matrix, variable, or equation can be used
as values.
Example
• Find an absolute value of
“-40.5”.
MB1_40
.5E
43
44
6 min( min(list)
Finds and returns the minimum value within a list of numbers. To
define a list of more than two numbers, group the numbers with
brackets (@ { and @ }), with each element
separated by a comma.
Example
• Find the smallest value among 4, 5, and -9.
MB6@{4,5,_9
@})E
7 max( max(list)
Finds and returns the maximum
value within a list of numbers.
Example
• Find the largest value among 4, 5, and -9.
MB7@{4,5,_9
@})E
45
C PROB
Use the PROB sub-menu items for probability calculations.
Example
• How many ways can 6
persons be seated in a car
with 4 seats?
6MC54E
47
6 nCr Returns the total number of combinations for selecting “r” item out
of “n” items.
n!
n Cr =
r!(n – r)!
Example
• How many different groups of
7 students can be formed with
15 students?
15MC67
E
7 ! Returns a factorial.
Example
• Calculate 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1.
6MC7E
D CONV
CONV sub-menu items are to be used when converting a number
in decimal form (degrees) to a number in sexagesimal form
(degrees, minutes, seconds), or vice versa.
48
2 →dms Takes a number in decimal form (in degrees), and converts it into
a sexagesimal number. To enter a number in sexagesimal form,
use items in the “ANGLE” sub-menu, described in the next
subsection of this Chapter.
Example
• Show 40.0268 degrees in
degrees, minutes, and
seconds.
4 0 . 0268 M D
2E
E ANGLE
The Basic mode has two angle modes: Deg (degree) and Rad
(radian). Use the E ANGLE menu to enter a degree value in Rad
mode or a radian value in Deg mode. (The gradient mode is not
included in the Basic mode. Refer to Chapter 5 for details.)
Example
• Enter 34° 56’ 78”.
34ME1
5 6 M 2 ← “E ANGLE” remains selected;
78M3 type the number to enter the symbols.
E
49
1. Try it!
There are two taxi cab companies in your city, Tomato Cab and Orange Cab,
with different fare systems. The Tomato Cab charges $2.00 upon entering the
taxi cab, and $1.80 for each mile the taxi travels. The Orange Cab, on the other
hand, charges $3.50 plus $1.20 per mile. This means that taking the Tomato
Cab will initially cost less than
going with the Orange Cab, but
will be more expensive as you
travel longer distances.
Suppose you need to go to a place
3 miles away from where you are
now. Which cab company should
you take to save money?
50
CONCEPT
1. By using two linear graphs, the approximate crossing point
can be found.
2. The exact crossing point can be found with the TABLE
function.
PROCEDURE
1. Press Y to enter the Graph Equation window. Six equa-
tion entry areas appear, from “Y1=” to “Y6=”. Since we need
only two equations in this exercise, let’s use “Y1=” and “Y2=”.
2. By default, the cursor should be placed on the right side of the
“Y1=” equation, next to the equal sign. If this is not so, use the
cursor keys to bring the cursor to the “Y1=” line, then press the
C key to clear any entries. The cursor will automatically be
placed to the right of the equal sign.
3. Enter the first equation, “2 + 1.8X”, to represent the Tomato
Cab’s fare system.
2+1.8x
Use the x key to enter the “x”, representing the distance
in miles.
4. When the equation line is complete, press E. The first
equation is now stored, and the cursor automatically jumps to
the second line, where the second equation can be entered.
5. At the second line, press
C to clear any entries,
then enter “3.5 + 1.2X” to
represent the Orange Cab’s
fare system. When done
entering the equation, press
E. The two equations are now ready to graph.
6. Press G to draw the graphs.
To draw a graph, “=” must be highlighted. If not, move the
cursor to “=” of the targeted equation and press E to draw
a graph, and press E again not to draw a graph.
51
Graph Basics
The graph examples in this exercise are called X-Y graphs. An
X-Y graph is quite useful for clearly displaying the relationship
between two variables.
7. Let’s take a look at the
graph. The vertical axis
represents the Y value, while
X is represented by the
horizontal axis. It appears
that the two diagonal lines
cross at the point where the X value is somewhere between 2
and 3, indicating that Orange Cab costs less than the other,
after 3 miles of traveling.
8. Next, press T to find the
values per graph increment.
When the traveling distance
is 2 miles, the Tomato Cab
charges 30 cents less overall
than the Orange Cab, but it
costs 30 cents more at 3 miles. To make the X increment
smaller, press @ y.
9. When the Table setting window appears, move the cursor
down to “TBLStep”, type . 5, and press E. Now
the Y values will be sampled at every 0.5 mile.
10. Press T to show the
table again. It indicates that
when the X value is 2.5, both
Y1 and Y2 values are 6.5. It
is now clear that if you are
traveling 2.5 miles or more,
the Orange Cab costs less.
52
A ZOOM
There are a myriad of tools under this menu item, by which the
graph can be zoomed in/out in various styles. Press “A” within the
ZOOM menu to select this menu item.
53
6 Square Set the same scale for X and Y axes. The Y-axis scale
is adjusted to the current X-axis scale. The graph will
be redrawn automatically.
7 Dec Sets the screen dot as 0.1 for both axes. The graph will
then be redrawn automatically.
8 Int Sets the screen dot as 1.0 for both axes. The graph will
then be redrawn automatically.
B FACTOR
Use this menu to set the vertical and horizontal zooming factor.
The factor set under this menu directly affects the zoom rate of
the 3 In and 4 Out sub-menu tools under the ZOOM menu, as
described above.
C POWER
D EXP
2 log X Use this tool when the equation contains a form of “log
x”.
55
E TRIG
F STO
Under this menu item there is one tool that enables the storing of
graph window settings.
G RCL
Under this menu item there are two tools that enable the recalling
of the previous graph window setup:
56
57
4. Now the right boundary of the graph can be set. Enter the
required value here (“3”, for example), and press E.
Note: The “Xmax=” value cannot be set equal to or smaller than the
value of “Xmin”. If so done, the calculator will display an error
message upon attempting to redraw the graph, and the graph will
not be displayed.
5. The next item “Xscl=” sets the frequency of the X-axis indices.
The default value is “1”. If, for example, the value is set to
“0.5”, then indices will be displayed on the X-axis at incre-
ments of 0.5. Enter the required “Xscl=” value (“0.5”, for
example), and press E.
6. The “Ymin=”, “Ymax=”, and “Yscl=” can be set, as was
described for “Xmin=”, “Xmax=”, and “Xscl=” above.
7. When done, press the G key to draw the graph with the
newly configured window setup.
58
G @" Y @"
Y G
@"
59
3 Minimum Finds the minimum of the given graph, and places the
flashing cursor at that position.
Note: If the given graph has
no minimum value,
an error message will
be displayed.
60
4 Maximum Finds the maximum of the given graph, and places the
flashing cursor at that position.
Note: If the given graph has
no maximum value,
an error message will
be displayed.
61
62
f: The graph appearance can be set and verified under this menu.
Press @ f to access.
D AXIS The graph axis can be set invisible with this menu item.
To hide the X/Y axis of the graph, select 2 OFF by
pressing 2 at this menu item.
Substitution feature
• The substitution feature allows you to input an equation using characters and
variables, and then substitute numeric values for the characters to draw the graph.
• The substitution feature is valid only in the rectangular coordinate system.
Using this feature, any number of numeric value sets can be substituted while
referring to the graph drawing screen. This clearly shows the changes in the graph
depending on numeric values.
For example, the graph for “Y1 = AX3 + BX2 + CX2 – D” is drawn by substituting
numeric values for variables A, B, C, and D of the equation.
63
1. Press @ ,.
The substitution feature
screen will appear. The
equation on which the cursor
pointer is located and its
variables are displayed on
the right of the screen.
If variables (characters) contain no values, the graph is not
drawn.
If independent memories A to C contain any numeric values,
the graph is drawn based on these values.
* If the equation (in this example, Y1) on which the cursor is
located contains no variables, the substitution feature screen
will not appear.
64
2. Press 2 E.
(2 is input to A.)
The graph for “Y1 = 2X2” is
drawn. (Since B and C have
no values, they are ignored.)
At this time, the graph for Y2
is also drawn. Y2 also uses variable A which is used in Y1.
Therefore, the drawing of the graph for Y2 is also valid.
* If you need to draw only the graph for Y2, it is necessary to
change variables (characters) or make the graph drawing for
Y1 invalid.
3. Press 1 E.
(1 is input to B.)
The graph is changed from
“Y1 = 2X2” to “Y1 = 2X2 +
1X”.
4. Press _ 3 E.
(-3 is input to C.)
Now, the graph for “Y1 = 2X2
+ 1X – 3” is drawn on the
screen.
65
1. Try it!
The Mendocino Tree, a coast redwood growing in Montgomery Woods State
Reserve in California, is known to be the tallest living tree in the world. You are
to find out how tall the tree is by using the following factors:
• The distance from you to the bottom of the
tree is exactly 505.8 feet, and the tree
stands vertically.
• The angle of elevation between the top
and the bottom of the tree is 36 degrees
If the base length of the right triangle is 505.8 feet, and the angle
of elevation is 36 degrees, then the following expression can be
derived:
the height of the Mendocino tree (ft.) = 505.8 ft. × tan(36°)
CONCEPT
1. Verify/change the calculator’s angle unit.
2. Use the calculator’s trigonometric function key on the
Advanced keyboard to enter/perform the calculation.
66
PROCEDURE
1. Since the angle of elevation is measured in degrees, the
calculator’s angle setting will
need to be matched with
that. Press @ ; to
bring up the SETUP menu.
2. On the right side of the
SETUP menu, the current
setup will be displayed.
Make sure that the top line is
indicated as Deg (i.e.,
degrees). If not, then the
angle system will need to be
changed. Press B to
select B DRG, then press
1 to select 1 Deg.
3. Now, let’s work on the actual calculation part. Press the #
key to enter the Calculation screen, and press C to clear
any screen entries.
4. Press 505.8 | t
36. Press E to execute
the calculation.
67
68
The following math functions can be accessed with the use of @ key. To learn the
basic steps of how to access the second function of each key, refer to the section
“Second Function Key” of Chapter 2.
69
+ Enters a square root; sets the cursor at the base entry area.
$ Enters π (3.14…).
70
02 2X 2value
Raises 2 to a power. Sets the cursor to exponent.
71
72
73
5! Returns a factorial.
D CONV These tools deal with conversions between different angle units
and between rectangular and polar coordinates.
x
r
y
θ
74
75
E ANGLE Use these tools to enter the symbols to specify angle units.
1= Tests whether a
preceding value and
a following value are
equal.
2 Tests whether a
preceding value and a following value are not equal.
4 Tests whether a
preceding value is
larger than OR equal
to a following value.
76
2 or value A or value B
Enters an “OR” logic
figure.
1100 M 2
1010 E
77
H COMPLX In order to use the sub-menu items within the COMPLX menu,
the calculator must be set up to handle complex numbers.
Otherwise the result will be a data type error.
Refer to the section “6. SETUP Menu” in this chapter for chang-
ing/verifying the calculator’s setup to enable complex number
answers, in either rectangular or polar coordinates.
78
79
Example
• Calculate (3 + 4i) × (4 – 6i)
Note: It is possible to input complex
numbers (i) in the real number
mode, however an error
message will return.
5. TOOL Menu
The TOOL menu contains items to help calculating in different number systems, as
well as to help solve both linear and polynomial equation. Press @ V to
access the TOOL menu. Press the # key (or @ q) to escape from the
menu.
82
6. SETUP Menu
Use the SETUP menu to verify the calculator’s current setup for mathematical and
scientific base units and the global editing style, as well as to change each
configuration.
It is very important that each item within this menu is properly set
up, or calculation results may not turn out as expected. For
example, entering 1 × sin90 in the Calculation screen will result
as either “1” (when set to degree mode), or “0.893996663” (when
set to radian mode), or “0.98768834” (when set to gradient
mode). Refer to the “SETUP Menu” in Chapter 2 to learn about
each setup configuration.
83
1. Try it!
You have just opened your own bank
account, with an initial deposit amount of
$2,000. Suppose your monthly income is
$3,000, and you will spend 60 percent of
what you have in the account every month,
how much will your balance be after one
year? How much will you have in the
account, 6 months from now?
84
CONCEPT
1. Grasp the idea of sequential equations.
2. Use the graph tracing function to obtain approximate values.
PROCEDURE
1. First, let us set the calculator
to the appropriate graphing
coordinate mode. Press
@ ; to enter the
SETUP menu, press E
to select E COORD, then
press 4 to select 4 Seq, and press C.
2. We will use the “Time”
sequential graph type within
the FORMAT menu. Press
@ f, press G
to select G TYPE, and 2
to select 2 TIME.
3. Then press Y.
The Graph Equation Entry window will open.
4. Enter a new equation set
u(n-1) × (1 - 0.6) + 3000 for
u(n)=. Press @ u
(7) to enter u and
press X for n. Press
E when done entering.
Note: Press C to clear the previous entry.
Using a capitalized “U” or “N” here will result in an error upon
pressing the G key.
5. On the second entry row
(u(nMin) =), enter 2000,
then press E.
The figure is automatically
enclosed by braces.
6. The v and the w entry sets will not be necessary in this case,
so press C to clear, then press E to move one row
down. Repeat until the four unnecessary entry rows are
cleared.
85
86
Example
• Draw a graph: x(t) = 16cos(t), y(t) = 9sin(t).
1. Press @ ; to enter the SETUP menu.
2. Press E to select E
COORD, then 2 to
select 2 Param.
Be sure that the other
settings are as shown on the
right.
To exit the SETUP menu, press C.
3. Press Y to go to the Graph Equation Entry window.
4. Enter 16cos(t) for X1T=.
Press E when done
entering.
5. Enter 9sin(t) for Y1T=. Press
E when done entering.
Note: The right side variable is automatically set to “T”. When the X
key is pressed within the Graph Equation Entry window, it will
enter the variable “T”.
6. Press G to draw the graph.
7. If the graph line extends
beyond the screen, press
Z and select A ZOOM
then 1 AUTO.
Use 3 IN or 4 OUT of the A
ZOOM to adjust the drawing size.
You can also set the drawing size in the WINDOW menu by
determining the maximum and minimum values of T, X and Y.
87
3. Polar Graphing
Polar coordinates are a different method of specifying a point in two dimensions; the
location of the point is described by the distance from the X-Y intersect “r”, and its
elevation angle “θ”.
Example
• Draw a graph: r = 16cos(θ)sin(θ).
1. Press @ ;.
The SETUP menu appears.
2. Press E to select E
COORD, then press 3
to select 3 Polar. Be sure
that the other settings are as
shown on the right.
To exit the SETUP menu,
press C.
3. Press Y.
The Graph Equation Entry window will appear.
4. At the first entry row R1=,
enter 16cos(θ) × sin(θ).
Press E.
88
4. Graphing Sequences
The sequence graph mode can store and simultaneously draw three graph equations
u(n), v(n), and w(n).
Variables u, v, and w are entered as @ u (or v, w).
Use X to enter the natural number n.
A sequence is an ordered set of numbers with a defined relation-
ship. The recursive sequential formulas can be described as
un = un-1 + d and/or
un = un-1 × r
where un is the n-th term, d is the common difference, and r is the
ratio. In many occasions however, the term before un-1 (i.e., one
term before un) is not known. In such cases, the explicit formulas
must then be derived as:
un = u1 + d × (n - 1) and/or
un = u1 × rn-1
where un is the n-th term, u1 is the first term of the sequence, d is
the common difference, and r is the ratio.
A sequence {2, 4, 8, 16, 32, ...} may suggest the following
recursive sequence expression:
un = 2 × 2n-1
or it may also suggest the following non-recursive expression:
u n = 2n
The calculator can plot sequential graphs in three different
schemes, as follows:
n-based (Time)
The un values will be plotted
against the n value.
89
90
91
92
93
7 Inflec Calculates the inflection point of the given graph and moves the
cursor to that point.
Example
1. Enter the graph equation
Y1 = x3 – 3x2 + 2.
2. Press @ k 7.
94
6. Format Setting
You can set up the Graph screen format from the
FORMAT menu.
Press @ f to display the Graph format
menu.
Advanced keyboard
specific sub-menus
Note: G TYPE appears only when the sequence coordinate graph mode
is selected.
A –––––– Displays the current FORMAT settings. The default setting is:
OFF (for the graph equation to be displayed on the
graph)
OFF (for displaying numeric derivatives on the graph)
ON (for displaying the X/Y axis on the graph)
OFF (for displaying a grid on the graph)
RectCoord (for displaying the cursor location)
B EXPRES This sets whether or not graph equations are displayed on the
graph screen. To display the equations on the graph, select 1 ON
by pressing 1 at this menu item.
D AXIS The graph axis can be set invisible with this menu item. To hide
the X/Y axis of the graph, select 2 OFF by pressing 2 at this
menu item.
E GRID The graph display can be backed with an X-Y grid. To show the
grid on the graph, select 1 ON by pressing 1 at this menu
item.
95
G TYPE This menu is only active when the sequence coordinate graph
mode is selected in the SETUP menu. The G TYPE menu will not
appear in the other modes.
Note: u(n), v(n) and w(n) indicate the n-th term of the
sequences.
7. Zoom Functions
Displays the ZOOM menu. Within the ZOOM menu,
various preferences can be set for the graph
appearance on zooming in and out.
96
D EXP
2ex Use this tool when the equation contains a form of “ex”.
E TRIG
F HYP
97
8. Setting a Window
The W key displays the graph window setup. The display will differ according to
the selected coordinate system. See also Chapter 4 “Basic Graphing Features —
Basic Keyboard” on pages 57 to 58 for details of rectangular coordinate system
settings.
9. Tables
The calculator enables you to illustrate the changes using the equation and graph you
have input. It also has tables for showing a list of X and Y values. Each column item
can display up to 7 digits, including a sign and/or a decimal point.
There are four kinds of tables available corresponding to the coordinate system.
99
Setting a table
• To display the table, press T.
• Table setting allows you set how to input data for a table.
• Press @ y to enter
the table setting screen.
• The cursor is initially located
at Auto, showing the variable
input method.
100
User: Displays a blank table. As you input values for variable columns,
table values are automatically calculated by the equation. Thus,
although TableStart and TableStep inputs can be made when
selecting User, set values will be ignored.
• Press ; or ' to switch between Auto and User.
• TableStart is a start value of the variable in the table, and
TableStep is a step value of the variable. Both are numeric
values.
Example
Automatically create a table starting from -5 with a step of 1 in the
X-Y coordinate after equations, based on “Y1 = X”, “Y2 = X2”, and
“Y3 = -X2 + 3”.
1. Press @ y and
}_5E1
E.
2. Press T.
* If the cursor is on the top or
bottom line of the table, { or } can still be used. The
table contents will move to become visible in the display area.
Example
Create a table in the User mode under the above conditions.
1. Press @ y and
'E}0E
1 E.
2. Press T.
Blank table will appear.
3. Press 2 E _ 3
E to enter X values.
A DRAW The tools in this menu add lines, circles, additional graphs and
text on the graph screen.
The tools below can be accessed from the GRAPH window, or
any other windows such as the Graph Equation Entry window and
Calculation screen. Most of these tools, such as Line(, can be
entered directly onto a graph from the cursor point.
1 ClrDraw Clears all items on the graph window EXCEPT for the
graphs entered via the Graph Equation Entry window.
1. From the GRAPH
window, press
@ d to
enter the DRAW
menu.
2. Press A to select A DRAW, then press 1
to select 1 ClrDraw.
or
1. From the Calculation screen, press @ d
A 1.
“ClrDraw” will appear.
2. Press E.
All the items on the graph will be deleted and the
message “Done” will appear.
102
103
104
105
3. Press E.
Note: It is also possible to
specify a function
equation from Y0 to
Y9 if stored.
(T_line(Y1, 1))
107
108
(0,0) (30,0)
row
(0,9) (30,9)
Note: Lines, points, and curves drawn by the Draw menu are handled
as pictures. Therefore, they cannot be traced.
Graphs drawn by the Draw menu are automatically cleared if any
screen settings are changed. To save the graph, use the StoPict
menu.
B POINT Utilize these tools to manage point drawing and deletion on the
graph.
There are two operation methods. One is to directly move the
cursor pointer to the location on the graph screen where you wish
to insert the point. The other is to call a relevant command on the
Calculation screen and to directly input the coordinates to draw or
delete the point. (X and Y coordinates should be separated by a
comma.)
109
column 132
(0, 0) (126, 0)
row
64
This area cannot be specified
110
111
D LINE Sets the line appearance of each graph. Each graph coordinate
mode (i.e., rectangular, polar, etc.) can retain a set of line
appearance preferences. Solid line, dotted line, bold line, locus
and dots can be selected.
1. Press @ d D to select D LINE, then press
E.
2. The next window enables
you to select the line types
of each graph in the set
coordinate mode. (The
rectangular coordinate mode
is selected in this example.)
Use the cursor keys to select
the required line type, and
press E.
E G_DATA All graph data, including the graph equations and window
settings, can be stored in 10 graph storage areas (1-9, and 0),
which can be called up later.
112
F PICT Stores and recalls the displayed pixel data for the graph window.
The graph equations will not be saved or recalled with these
tools.
113
1 SET Sets up the shading area for each graph. Refer to “3.
Other Useful Graphing Features” in Chapter 4 of this
manual to learn how to utilize this tool.
114
1. Try it!
Make a SLIDE SHOW named “CUBIC” to
explain how to draw the graph of a factor-
base cubic function and explain how to solve
cubic equations using factors. Use the
following cubic function as a sample.
y = (x – 3)(x – 1)(x + 2)
115
6. Press @ n.
The message “STORE
SCREEN: 01” will appear.
The image will be stored on
page 1 of the SLIDE SHOW
“CUBIC,” and the screen will
automatically return to the
previous screen.
Each time you press @ n, the screen image will be
captured and stored in the SLIDE SHOW.
7. Press G.
Note: • You cannot capture an image
while drawing.
• If the cursor flashes at the
upper right corner of the
screen, the calculator is busy processing tasks. The SLIDE
SHOW feature cannot capture images during this period.
• A captured image cannot be recaptured.
8. After the graph is drawn, press @ n.
The image will be stored on page 2 of the SLIDE SHOW
“CUBIC”.
9. Press @ " to split
the screen between the
graph and the table.
10. After drawing is done, press
@ n.
The screen image is stored on page 3.
11. Press ' once, and press @ n. Continue this
operation.
116
117
1 MOVE
With this sub-menu tool, a selected screen image can be moved,
so that the playback order will change. To escape from this mode
and go back to the SLIDE SHOW menu, press the ] key.
118
2 DEL
This sub-menu tool deletes the selected image captured in the
SLIDE SHOW.
3 RENAME
Use this sub-menu tool to rename the SLIDE SHOW.
119
1. Try it!
Three sheaves of the first class crop, two of the
second, and one of the third are sold for 39
dollars. Two of the first, three of the second and,
one of the third for 34 dollars. And one of the
first, two of the second and three of the third for
26 dollars. How much did you receive from each
sheaf of the first, second and third class crops?
CONCEPT
1. Enter the coefficients as elements in a matrix.
2. Use the rrowEF function to obtain the reduced row echelon
form.
120
PROCEDURE
121
10. Press E.
The reduced row echelon form of the matrix is displayed.
Display Solution
1x + 0y + 0z = x = 9.25
0x + 1y + 0z = y = 4.25
0x + 0y + 1z = z = 2.75
Matrix name
Matrix dimensions (row × column)
122
Enter elements 1. Press appropriate number keys to enter numbers at the 1st
in the matrix row and 1st column.
The number is displayed at the bottom of the screen.
2. Press E.
The cursor moves to the 1st row, 2nd column.
3. Sequentially input the element data.
4. Press # after completion of data input.
E ENTER the number in the cursor position and move the cursor to
the next position.
# Store all the elements of the matrix and returns to the calculation
screen.
123
Matrix + Matrix To add or subtract matrices, the dimensions must be the same.
Matrix – Matrix Example
1. Press # C.
2. Press @ m A
1+@m
A2
3. Press E.
Matrix × Matrix To multiply two matrices, the column dimension of the first matrix
must match the row dimension of the second matrix.
Example
1. Press # C.
2. Press @ m A
1|@m
A2
3. Press E.
124
125
126
127
11 mat→list( Creates lists with elements from each column in the matrix.
If dimensions of columns is greater than the number of lists
specified, extra columns are ignored. Also, if it is less than the
number of lists specified, extra lists are ignored.
128
129
Use of [ ] menus
Using [ ] menus, you can manually enter a matrix on the calculation screen.
1. Press @ m E 1 ( [ ) at the beginning of the
matrix.
2. Press @ m 1 ( [ ) to indicate the beginning of the
first row.
Once you enter the manual matrix entry mode, you can
directly enter “or” by selecting 1 or 2.
3. Enter a number or expression for each element. Separate
each element with commas.
4. Press @ m 2
( ] ) to indicate the end of the
first row.
Using a Matrix in To use a matrix in an expression, you can do any of the follow-
an expression ings:
• Select a matrix from the m NAME menu.
• Enter the matrix directly using the [ ] function menus.
130
CONCEPT
1. You can calculate all answers individually, but if you use list,
you can obtain the results with one calculation.
PROCEDURE
131
1.1 | {30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80} + 0.06 | {30, 40,
50, 60, 70, 80} y and press E.
• In the Basic mode, you can
access L1 to L6 from A
NAME and “{ }” (braces) from
E {} in the LIST menu.
132
2. Creating a list
A list is a series of values enclosed by braces, and is treated as a single value in
calculations or an equations.
The calculator has 6 storage areas for lists from L1 to L6.
You can edit or access lists by pressing @ 1 to 6 (numeric keys from 1
to 6).
Using @ l (L_DATA) menus, you can store up to 10 sets (L_DATA 0 to
L_DATA 9) of lists (L1 to L6) in a memory and recall any of the stored sets as re-
quired.
133
Calculate 10 × 1. Press 10 | @
L1 and store the 1R@3
results in L3 E.
Calculate 3. Press @ 1 +
L1 + L2 @ 2 E.
134
135
3 dim( dim(list)
Returns the number of items
(dimension) in the list.
Example
• Display the dimension of list
L1.
136
137
138
1 min( min(list)
Returns the minimum value in the list.
Example
• Calculate the minimum value
of the list L1.
2 max( max(list)
Returns the maximum value in
the list.
Example
• Calculate the maximum value of the specified list L2.
Note: min(list 1, list 2)
max(list 1, list 2)
If two lists are specified in
parenthesis separated by a
comma, then a list consisting of
minimum (or maximum) values
is returned.
139
140
∑ (l – m)
2
Variance = k=1
k
n–1
where n = number of list items
lk = list item value
m = mean value of the list
141
3. Press G.
Two graphs are drawn as
shown on the right.
In this case, the first one
represents the equation y =
3x2 + 5x + 2 and the second y = -2x2 + 3x + 4.
142
143
144
The following table shows the access counts (per hour) of a certain web site
from Sunday midnight to Monday midnight.
Hours 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Sunday 98 72 55 3 6 24 15 30 59 72 55 43 21 10 150 151 135 108 204 253 232 251 75 30
Monday 32 8 12 2 4 19 32 72 95 91 123 201 184 108 95 72 45 38 75 111 153 90 84 35
1. Press S.
The Stat menu will appear.
145
Graphing the Now we can plot the data to make histograms, broken line graphs
statistical data and other statistical graphs.
(Histogram) 1. Press [.
2. Select A PLOT1 and press E.
The following screen will appear.
146
Select the list Determining ListX and Freq Frequency relates to the number of
number used times access occurred (L2) at the ListX stage. You can refer that
for graphing the Access of ListX (L1) hour occurred Freq (L2) number of times.
6. Press } to move the cursor to the next line (ListX).
7. The default list name for ListX is L1. If another list name is set,
press @ 1 to enter L1.
8. L1 is set to be used for x-axis items.
Selecting the 11. Press } to move the cursor to the next line (GRAPH).
graph 12. The graph format defaults to histogram, so if that is what is
required, this does not need to be changed.
147
3. Press G.
You can compare up to 3
statistical data by setting
PLOT2/PLOT3 to on.
Compare the
access rates on
Sunday and
Monday
148
9. Press B 2 (broken
line with cross points).
10. Press G.
Now you can compare the
difference in web site access
counts between Sunday and Monday.
Press @ q.
2. Statistics Features
1. STAT menus
Press the S key to access the statistical calculation menus. The menus are as
follows:
A EDIT Provides the entry or edit mode and displays a list table.
B OPE Calculation menu for operations such as ascending or descend-
ing sort.
C CALC Obtains statistical values.
D REG Calculates regression curves.
E TEST Statistical hypothesis tests
F DISTRI Distribution menu items
Data Entry Use a list table to enter the statistical data (press S to
access). Up to 999 elements can be used for each list, though the
amount of data able to be entered will vary according to the
memory usage.
Calculating Use the CALC menu under the STAT menu to obtain statistic
statistic values values.
(CALC menu) Press S C to access the CALC menu.
149
sx = Σx – nx
2 2
n–1
σx Population standard deviation of sample (x)
σx = Σx – nx
2 2
n
Σx Sum of sample (x)
Σx 2
Sum of squares of sample (x)
n Sample number
xmin Smallest value of sample (x)
Q1 First quartile of sample (x)
Med Median of sample (x)
Q3 Third quartile of sample (x)
xmax Largest value of sample (x)
150
The web site access counts example on page 145 will be used again to demonstrate
the calculation of statistical values.
Hours 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Sunday 98 72 55 3 6 24 15 30 59 72 55 43 21 10 150 151 135 108 204 253 232 251 75 30
Monday 32 8 12 2 4 19 32 72 95 91 123 201 184 108 95 72 45 38 75 111 153 90 84 35
* If you did not previously enter the above values in the list table, press S and
select A EDIT to display the list entry mode and enter the values.
Calculating one-variable statistics using web site access counts for Sunday (L2) and
Monday (L3).
151
152
Histogram
Broken line plot
Normal probability plot
PLOT1 POINT: °
Normal distribution plot
PLOT2 Box plot POINT: +
Modified box plot
PLOT3 POINT:
Pie chart
Scatter diagram
XY line
1. Graph Types
Histogram A bar graph of sample (x)
(HIST) The width of the bars is set by the Xscl*.
The Y-axis shows the frequency.
* The Xscl can be changed to
between 1 and 64. Use the
Window Setting Menu to
change the Xscl. (See page
57.)
153
Broken line plot A broken line graph for the frequency distribution of sample (x)
(B.L.) Three types of points can be selected from circle, cross and
square.
The correlation of points between histogram and broken line plot
are shown on the right. (The broken line is displayed by connect-
ing the upper left points of the bars of the histogram, as the upper
left point of each bar represents
each class value in the histo-
gram.)
The calculator can draw both a
histogram and a broken line plot
at the same time.
154
155
156
1. Press [.
2. Press E.
157
158
1 sortA( sortA(list)
Sorts the list in ascending order.
This function is the same as the sortA( menu item in List func-
tions.
See page 135 for details.
2 sortD( sortD(list)
Sorts the list in descending order.
This function is the same as the sortD( menu item in List func-
tions.
See page 135 for details.
159
5. Regression Calculations
Accessing the 1. Press S D REG.
regression menu The Regression menu is displayed.
01 Med_Med Med_Med (list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,
equation name to store])
Finds the regression line using the median-median method.
(linear regression)
Formula: y = ax + b
Parameters: a, b
02 Rg_ax+b Rg_ax+b (list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,
equation name to store])
Finds the regression line. (linear regression)
Formula: y = ax + b
Parameters: a, b, r, r2
03 Rg_a+bx Rg_a+bx (list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,
equation name to store])
Finds the regression line. (linear regression)
Formula: y = a + bx
Parameters: a, b, r, r2
04 Rg_x2 Rg_x2 (list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,
equation name to store])
Finds the regression line using the second degree polynomial.
(quadratic regression)
Formula: y = ax2 + bx + c
Parameters: a, b, c, R2
05 Rg_x3 Rg_x3 (list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,
equation name to store])
Finds the regression line using the third degree polynomial. (cubic
regression)
Formula: y = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d
Parameters: a, b, c, d, R2
160
06 Rg_x4 Rg_x4 (list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,
equation name to store])
Finds the regression curve using the fourth degree polynomial.
(quadratic regression)
Formula: y = ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + e
Parameters: a, b, c, d, e, R2
07 Rg_ln Rg_ln (list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,
equation name to store])
Finds the regression curve using the natural logarithm. (natural
logarithm regression)
Formula: y = a + b ln x
Parameters: a, b, r, r2
08 Rg_log Rg_log (list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,
equation name to store])
Finds the regression curve using the common logarithm. (com-
mon logarithm regression)
Formula: y = a + b log x
Parameters: a, b, r, r2
09 Rg_abx Rg_abx (list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,
equation name to store])
Finds the regression curve using the exponential function.
(exponential regression)
Formula: y = abx
Parameters: a, b, r, r2
10 Rg_aebx Rg_aebx (list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,
equation name to store])
Finds the regression curve using the Euler exponential function.
(Euler exponential regression)
Formula: y = ae^bx
Parameters: a, b, r, r2
161
11 Rg_x–1 Rg_x–1 (list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,
equation name to store])
Finds the regression curve using the reciprocal function. (recipro-
cal regression)
Formula: y = a + bx-1
Parameters: a, b, r, r2
12 Rg_axb Rg_axb (list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,
equation name to store])
Finds the regression curve using the power function. (power
regression)
Formula: y = axb
Parameters: a, b, r, r2
13 Rg_logistic Rg_logistic (list name for x, list name for y [, frequency list] [,
equation name to store])
Finds the regression curve using the logistic function. (logistic
regression)
Formula: y = c ÷ (1 + ae-bx)
Parameters: a, b, c
14 Rg_sin Rg_sin ([iterations,] list name for x, list name for y [, fre-
quency list] [, period] [, equation name to store])
Finds the regression curve using the sine function.
The calculator will fit a sine curve for unequal and equal spacing.
Formula: y = a sin(bx + c) + d
Parameters: a, b, c, d
Note: The default iterations value is 3. The user may specify the value
up to 25. To raise the accuracy, set the iterations value to 25 and
enter 2π/b to the period, where b = result obtained from the
calculation beforehand.
162
15 x’ value or list x’
Finds the estimated value of x for a given value of y by applying
the function determined by the regression.
Example
When the following is entered as statistical data:
x 10 20 30 40 50
y 20 40 60 80 100
16 y’ value or list y’
Find the estimated value of y for a given value of x by applying
the function determined by the regression formula.
Example
Using above data, find the estimated value for y given x = 80, 100.
1. Press # @ { 80
, 100 @ }
SD16
E.
• 15 x’ and 16 y’ will be valid
after executing a regression calculation excluding 2nd, 3rd, 4th,
degree polynomial, logistic, and sine regressions.
Using the The following table shows the relationship between the time and
regression temperature of water, when heating a beaker filled with water.
functions
163
164
About the • There are residuals between regression curves and actual
residual list values.
• The residual list stores these residuals automatically.
• The resid list can be found in B REGEQN of the STAT VARS
menu (@ z H E B 0).
• Use the following key operation to recall the residual list from
the calculation screen.
#C@zHEB0
• Press E to display the residual list on-screen.
• To show the residual list in the form of a graph, first store as a
list, then follow the graphing operation.
* resid cannot be graphed when specified independently.
165
166
02 Ftest2samp Two samples data are tested for equality of standard deviation σ1
and σ2.
Example
Test when population standard deviation σ1 < σ2,
n1 = 20,
standard deviation sx1 = 5.6,
n2 = 50, and
standard deviation sx2 = 6.2
167
3. Press ' E } to
select µ < µ0 and press
E.
4. Move the cursor pointer to µ0
and input 65 and press
E.
5. Set the List to L1 and press E.
6. Press @ h.
Answers are displayed on
the screen, where t is the t
statistic for the test, p is the
p value for the test and sx
indicates sample standard
deviation.
• If there is no weight list, the Freq field can remain empty.
168
4. Press @ h.
05 TtestLinreg Tests the significance of the slope for the linear regression and its
correlation coefficient ρ.
Example
The test is for the slope β, and correlation coefficient ρ obtained
from statistical data X {65, 56, 78, 86, 92, 71, 68} and Y {95, 59,
88, 78, 75, 68, 80} are not equal to zero (β & ρ ≠ 0.)
1. Input the above lists X and Y into lists L1 and L2, respectively.
2. Press S E 0
5.
The parameter input screen
will appear.
3. Enter the appropriate value
into each field.
• Equation items may not be
required.
• If a linear regression
calculation has been
executed using the data, and the function equation has been
stored in Y0 to Y9, input that equation number for the
equation items.
4. Press @ h.
Answers are displayed on
the screen, where a, b
indicate regression coeffi-
cients, s indicates standard
deviation, r indicates the
correlation coefficient, and r2 indicates the coefficient of
determination.
169
07 Tint2samp Finds the confidence interval for the difference of two sample
means, µ1 and µ2.
Example
Use the following two sample data (used for example 04);
List 1 {2.37, 2.51, 2.43, 2.28, 2.46, 2.55, 2.49}
List 2 {2.63, 2.71, 2.56, 2.61, 2.55, 2.68, 2.42, 2.48, 2.51, 2.65},
with the level of confidence of 0.99.
170
171
4. Press @ h.
Answers will be displayed on
the screen.
172
3. Press @ h.
^: Success probability
p
obtained from the sample
data.
173
3. Press @ h.
Answers will be displayed on
^
the screen, where P indi-
cates the calculated success
rate of the data combined
with sample data 1 and 2,
^ ^
and P1 and P2 show the success rates of sample data 1 and 2,
respectively. n1 and n2 are positive integers.
4. Press @ h.
Answers will be displayed on
the screen, where the
numerical value within ()
indicates the confidence
interval with the level of
confidence at 0.95, that is, the confidence interval of this
sample data with the confidence level of 95% is between
51.427… and 55.372….
C-level indicates the level of confidence and n is a positive
integer.
174
13 Zint2samp Finds the confidence bound of two sample means µ1 and µ2.
Example
Find the confidence interval of µ1 and µ2 of sample data with the
_ _
confidence level of 0.9, where x1 = 77.3, σ1 = 3.4, n1 = 30 and x2 =
_ _
75.2, σ2 = 2.8, n2 = 20 (x1 and x2 indicate sample means of two
data.)
Set the input method to value input mode
1. Press # S E 1 7 E.
2. Press S E 1 3.
Parameter input screen will appear.
3. Enter the appropriate value
into each field.
4. Press @ h.
Answers will be displayed on
the screen, where the
numeric value within ()
indicates the confidence
interval of µ1 and µ2 at a confidence level of 90%.
* n1 and n2 are positive integers.
175
3. Press @ h.
Answers will be displayed on
the screen, where the
numerical value within ()
indicates the confidence
interval of the success probability at a confidence level of
95%.
* n is a positive integer.
3. Press @ h.
4. Answers will be displayed on
the screen, where the
numerical value within ()
indicates the confidence
interval of the success probability P1-P2 at a confidence level
of 90%.
* n1 and n2 are positive integers.
176
7. Distribution functions
The calculator has distribution features to find statistical calculations.
To enter the distribution menu,
1. Press S F (F DISTRI).
The distribution menu will appear.
2. There are 15 options in the
distribution menu. Press
' to navigate between
pages, and press { or
} to scroll the window.
3. Press E to select the function.
4. Input the specified values.
5. Press E to solve.
177
178
179
180
181
182
1. Try it! 1
You plan to purchase a house for a price of
$300,000. The down payment is $100,000.
Calculate the monthly payments for a 30-
year loan at an annual interest rate of 5%
for the remaining $200,000.
Draw a cash 1. Draw the following cash flow diagram to simplify the problem.
flow diagram on ( +) Present Value (PV) = 300,000 – 100,000
paper = 200,000
I = 5% Future Value (FV) = 0
Cash flow
Time flow
(–) 1 2 3 358 359 N = 12 × 30
PMT = ? = 360
183
• Vertical arrows along the horizontal line indicate the cash flow.
An UP arrow indicates inflow (+) and a DOWN arrow indicates
outflow (–).
• The calculator considers the cash inflow for each period is
constant. (Even payment.)
2. Determine the time each payment is due.
For deposits and loan payments, the time each payment is
due (paid at the beginning or the end of the period) makes for
a different cash flow diagram.
Payment due at the end of the period
( +) PV
I% FV
Cash flow
Time flow
(–) 1 2 N–1 N
PMT
I% FV
Cash flow
Time flow
(–) 1 2 N–1 N
PMT
184
185
17. Press E.
Usually C/Y (cumulative
interest per year) is the
same value as P/Y. If not,
enter the value instead.
18. Press { 3 times to move the cursor to PMT (payment
amount).
19. Press @ h.
The result will appear as follows.
20. Pa
186
Try it! 2
If the monthly payments in the first example is limit to a fixed $800, how much
must be the present value (PV) and the required amount of down payment.
I = 5% FV = 0
Cash flow
Time flow
(–) 1 2 3 358 359 N = 360
PMT = 800
187
Example
Compare the principal interest total when accumulating an
interest of 2.18% monthly on $100 for 5 years with payment due
at the beginning of the period and at the end of the period.
1. Payment due at the beginning of the period
1. Press @ g C 2 and press E.
2. Press @ g A E.
Payment due is now set to
the beginning of the period.
3. Enter the values.
4. Move the cursor to FV and
press @ h.
2. Payment due at the end of the period.
1. Press @ g C 1 and press E.
2. Press @ g A E.
Payment due is now set to
the beginning of the period.
3. Enter the values.
4. Move the cursor to FV and
press @ h.
188
2. CALC functions
Press @ g B to access the CALC functions.
The CALC functions 01 to 05 calculate any of the following
variables from the other variables. (The same calculations are
possible as the SOLVER functions.)
N: Number of payment periods
I%: Interest
PV: Present value (principal sum)
PMT: Payment or received amount
FV: Future value (principal interest total)
P/Y: Number of payments per year
C/Y: Cumulative interest per year
189
190
191
Conversion functions
192
3. VARS Menu
The VARS menu consist of a list of the variables used for the TVM-SOLVER functions.
• The VARS menu can be used to enter values in the sub-menu
within the Finance menu.
1. Press @ g D.
2. The VARS sub-menu will
appear.
3. Select the appropriate
variable to use.
The variables in the VARS sub-menu are the same as those of
the TVM-SOLVER feature.
193
Equation The Equation method is useful when there is only one unknown
method variable. For example, if you know the values of B and C for an
expression “A + B = C”, use the Equation method.
Example
Determine the value of “C” in “A = 2B2 + 4C”, when A = 4, and
B = 5.
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
1. Try it!
Display a message “HELLO WORLD” on the
display.
1. Press P.
The program menu screen will appear.
* In the Basic mode, only the A EXEC menu item will appear.
202
2. Press C E.
A new program window will
open.
3. Input the program name
(HELLO) on the top line of
the screen.
Up to 8 characters can be used for the title.
4. Press E.
5. The cursor will move to the program input field just under the
title.
Starting 6. Press P.
programming The program menu will open.
The commands and other
statements are preinstalled
in the calculator.
Do not directly type in commands using the Alphabetical
mode, select each command from the program menu.
Note: Press @ j, and you can access all the available com-
mands at once.
Entering a 7. Select A 1.
command 8. Press P.
9. Select A 2.
The characters following a
double quotation mark can
be manipulated as text. No double quotation mark is required
to close the text.
203
When a line exceeds the width of the screen, the display will
shift to the left.
2. Programming Hints
Editing the Press P B and then the appropriate numbers to open
program the stored program.
204
Blank line Blank lines are ignored during execution. You can include blank
lines to gain better readability.
Deleting a line Move the cursor to the line you wish to delete and press C.
Deleting Move the cursor to on or after the letter you wish to delete and
command or press D or B, respectively.
strings
Copying a line Press P H in the program edit mode. (See page 216 for
to another details)
location
Changing the Press { to move the cursor to the program name field. Enter
program name the new name and press E or }.
205
3. Variables
• Single letters (uppercase letter from A to Z and θ) can be used as variables.
• Defined once in one program, a variable is set as a global variable across all other
stored programs unless redefined.
Hence results calculated in one program can be used by another.
• Only value (numbers) can be set as variables.
• Strings cannot be set as variables.
Setting a variable
Use R to input a specific value or the value of formula into
the variable. Do not use = (comparison operands) to set the
values into variable.
4. Operands
• Almost all the calculation operands can be used in a program.
• Input an operand directly from the keys (+, –, ×, ÷, sin, cos, log and others) or using
MATH, STAT, LIST, MATRIX and other menus.
Comparison operands
• The calculator has 6 compari-
son operands.
• Press M F and select
an appropriate comparison
operand.
= Equal ≠ Not equal
> Greater than ≥ Greater than or equal
< Less than ≤ Less than or equal
206
5. Programming commands
• Print, Input, Wait, Rem, End and other commands can be used in a program.
Screen settings, data input/output, graph settings and others can be controlled from
a program.
• Press P in the program edit mode to input the command.
A PRGM menu P A
1 Print Print variable
Print “character strings [“]
Displays the value of the variable on the screen.
The display format may vary according to the SET UP menu
settings.
Character strings displayed by the print command will break at
the edge of the screen.
2“ command “ strings
Characters enclosed by double-quote marks are considered to be
strings.
The closing double-quote can be omitted when it would appear at
the end of a line.
207
6 End End
Indicates the end of a program.
End is not necessary at the last line of the program.
0 0 5 5 ' 10
○
○
○
1 1 6 6 ; 11
○
○
○
2 2 7 7 { 12
○
○
○
3 3 8 8 } 13
○
4 4 9 9
○
○
○
208
B BRNCH menu P B
See 6. Flow control tools on page 214.
C SCRN menu P C
C SCRN menu commands are used to display or clear the
screen.
1 ClrT ClrT
Clears the program text screen without affecting the plotted
graph.
2 ClrG ClrG
Clears the graph screen without affecting the specified graph.
After the graph screen is cleared, the specified graph statement is
drawn.
3 DispT DispT
Displays the program text screen.
4 DispG DispG
Displays the graph screen.
D I/O menu P D
This menu is used to send or receive data from externally
connected devices.
209
E SETUP menu P E
SETUP menu commands are used to set the various settings
used in graphing and calculations.
01 Rect Rect
Sets the graph coordinates as X and Y coordinates.
02 Param Param
Sets the graph coordinates as parametric coordinates.
03 Polar Polar
Sets the graph coordinates as polar coordinates.
04 Web Web
Sets the graph coordinates as axes in sequence graphs.
u(n – 1) is set to the X axis and u(n) is set to the Y axis.
05 Time Time
Sets the graph coordinates as axes in sequence graphs.
n is set to the X axis and u(n), v(n) and w(n) is set to the Y axis.
06 uv uv
Sets the graph coordinates as the axes of sequence graphs.
u(n) is set to the X axis and v(n) is set to the Y axis.
07 uw uw
Sets the graph coordinates as the axes of sequence graphs.
u(n) is set to the X axis and w(n) is set to the Y axis.
08 vw vw
Sets the graph coordinates as the axes of sequence graphs.
v(n) is set to the X axis and w(n) is set to the Y axis.
09 Deg Deg
10 Rad Rad
11 Grad Grad
Sets the angle mode to degree, radian and gradient, respectively.
210
12 FloatPt FloatPt
13 Fix Fix
14 Sci Sci
15 Eng Eng
17 Decimal Decimal
18 Mixed Mixed
19 Improp Improp
20 x±yi x±yi
21 r ∠ θ r∠θ
Sets the answering mode to the one specified.
F FORMAT menu P F
F FORMAT menu commands are used to set the graph format.
01 RectCursor RectCursor
Sets the graph coordinate display format to X - Y axes.
02 PolarCursor PolarCursor
Sets the graph coordinates display format to polar coordinates.
03 ExprON ExprON
Sets the graph equation to be displayed on the graph screen.
04 ExprOFF ExprOFF
Sets the graph equation to not be displayed on the graph screen.
05 Y’ ON Y’ON
Sets the derived function (Y’) to be displayed on the graph
screen.
06 Y’ OFF Y’OFF
Sets the derived function (Y’) to not be displayed on the graph
screen.
211
07 AxisON AxisON
Sets the specified axis to be displayed on the graph screen.
08 AxisOFF AxisOFF
Sets the specified axis to not be displayed on the graph screen.
09 GridON GridON
Sets the grid lines to be displayed on the graph screen.
10 GridOFF GridOFF
Sets the grid lines to not be displayed on the graph screen.
11 Connect Connect
Draws a graph with connected lines.
12 Dot Dot
Draws a graph with dots.
13 Sequen Sequen
Draws the graphs in sequential order.
14 Simul Simul
Draws the graphs simultaneously.
212
G S_PLOT menu P G
S_PLOT menu commands are used for statistics plotting.
6 LimON LimON
This commands turns on the limit lines for upper, lower, and mean
values.
7 LimOFF LimOFF
This commands turns off the limit lines for upper, lower, and
mean values.
213
04 Then
05 Else
06 EndIf
* Use a comparison operand in a condition statement.
* Up to 115 If clauses can be nested, though if combined with
other types of loops, the maximum nested loop number may
vary due to the memory capacity.
214
215
216
5. Press P H, select 2
RclLine and press E.
The stored line will be
inserted at the targeted
position.
• Please note that only a single line can be stored in the
memory.
VARS menu
• Functions that control the
graph screen can be selected
from the VARS menu.
• Press @ z to display
the VARS menu (shown to the
right).
* There are differences in functions between the Advanced mode
and the Basic mode. The following menus and their descriptions
are based on the Advanced mode.
A EQVARS Specifies the graph equation (Y1 to Y9, and Y0, X1T•Y1T to
X6T•Y6T, R1 to R6).
B WINDOW Specifies the functions that set the graph display screen size
(Xmin, Ymax, Tstep, etc.).
G TABLE Specifies table setting values (Table Start, Table Step, Table List).
_ _
H STAT Specifies statistics, functions ( x , Σx, y … ), regression expres-
sions, points and statistical verification functions.
217
Example
The following data are included in list L1.
L1: 165, 182.5, 173.8, 166.5, 185.3
A one-variable calculation was executed based on this data.
After returning to the calculation screen, average values can be
viewed by using the following procedure.
• Press @ z H
E A 0 2 to
_
display “x ” on the screen.
• Press E to obtain the
average value of X as
determined in the previous calculation.
• In this way, the contents of an immediately preceding statistical
calculation can be stored as statistical values.
• These contents remain valid until the next statistical calculation
is executed, even if the power is turned off.
• The same is true even for regression calculations and verifica-
tion calculations.
8. Debugging
After programming, it is required to debug the program.
1. Press P A and select the program to debug.
If any bugs are present, error messages will appear.
The following example indicates that the same label name has
been used two or more times.
219
9. Sample programs
MATFILL * Fill the matrix M × N with random numbers from 0 to 9.
220
HIST
10 ⇒ dim(L1)
Gosub INSCORE
Gosub AVGSCORE
Plt1(Hist, L1)
Zm_Stat
Wait
End
221
222
Slide: The amount of memory (bytes) used by slide shows the user has
created
223
3. Deleting files
Press @ p C to enter the delete menu.
The sub-menu items are the same as those of the Memory Check menu (List, Matrix,
Graph Eqn, Solver Eqn, Program, Picture, G_Data, L_Data and Slide).
Deletions can be executed entry by entry.
1. Press @ p C
2.
The matrix deletion window
will appear with the cursor
pointer at the top (mat A).
2. Move the cursor pointer to mat C using { / }.
3. Press E.
mat C will disappear and the
mat C line will become
empty.
• Press @ q to cancel
the delete option.
• Above procedures and displays are only an example. Displayed
items may vary according to data input and use.
* Press @ p C 0 to delete the memories
previously entered.
224
A SELECT Displays the menu window to send the data specified as follows:
225
226
5. Reset function
If a problem occurs after replacing batteries, or the calculator does not function
correctly, use the RESET option.
1. Press @ p E.
2. Press 1 to return the
calculator’s SETUP and
FORMAT settings to the
default value, or 2 to
delete all the stored data.
See “Resetting the Calculator” on page 29 for details.
227
* To prevent loss of stored data, DO NOT remove both the unit operation and
memory backup batteries at the same time.
Precautions for • Fluid from a leaking battery accidentally entering an eye could
handling result in serious injury. Should this occur, wash with clean water
batteries and immediately consult a doctor.
• Should fluid from a leaking battery come into contact with your
skin or clothes, immediately wash with clean water.
• If the product is not to be used for some time, to avoid damage
to the unit from leaking batteries, remove them and store in a
safe place.
• Do not leave exhausted batteries inside the product.
• Do not fit partially used batteries, and be sure not to mix
different batteries types.
• Keep batteries out of the reach of children.
• Do not allow batteries to become completely exhausted; doing
so may cause the batteries to leak, and may damage the
calculator’s hardware.
• Do not throw batteries into a fire or water, as this may cause
them to explode.
228
5. Press O.
The following message will
appear.
6. Press O.
Do not press C. This will clear all the data.
Note: Do not remove the lithium battery while the unit operation
batteries are removed; otherwise all the calculator’s stored
memory will be lost.
229
230
2. Troubleshooting Guide
Refer to the list of possible symptoms, and solutions may be found here.
The power seems to be on, but the characters and numbers cannot be seen
clearly on the display!
• The screen contrast may need to be adjusted.
Press @ p, then press A to enter A CTRST; the
screen contrast can be adjusted by using the + or the
- key.
The calculator won’t take the minus (-) sign; calculation results in a syntax
error!
• To set a negative value, use the _ key instead of the -
key.
The calculation results are very different from what is usually expected!
• The angle unit and other configurations may be incorrectly set.
Check the configuration under the @ ;.
231
232
3. Specifications
Model EL-9900
233
List features Direct data entry/edit to list, calculation function for various
lists, and list/matrix conversion.
Battery life Operation battery set: approx. 150 hours (with 5 minutes of
continual use and 55 minutes in the display state for every
hour at a temperature of approx. 20 °C/68 °F)
234
235
Error
Error Message Description
Code
38 Too many obj More than 30 objects selected.
40 Lbl duplicate Labels with identical name found in program.
41 Lbl undefined Goto/Gosub encountered with no defined label.
42 Lbl over More than 50 labels found in program.
43 Gosub stack Nesting of more than 10 subroutines found.
44 Line too long Line contains more than 160 characters.
45 Can’t return Return used without jumping from subroutine.
46 Storage full Cannot create more than 99 files.
47 Coord type Invalid coordinate system for command.
48 Without For For is missing corresponding to the Next command.
49 Without WEnd WEnd is missing corresponding to the While command.
50 Without While While is missing corresponding to the WEnd command.
51 Without Then Then is missing corresponding to the If command.
52 Without EndIf EndIf is missing corresponding to the If command.
53 Without If If is missing corresponding to the EndIf command.
70 I/O device Communication error found among devices.
71 Wrong Mode Wrong communication mode set.
90 Memory over Memory is full; cannot store data as requested.
99 System error System error found; user memory space is insecure.
Low battery Operation interrupted due to low battery power.
BREAK!! Operation break specified.
* The following operations may cause Editor type error. Correct the Editor type to
continue.
• Recall the SOLVER equations (EQTN) or Graph data (G_DATA) stored in a
different EDITOR mode than currently in use.
• Receive the Graph equation (Y1 and others) entered in a different EDITOR mode
than currently in use.
236
1. Financial
* Define constants “r” and “s” as used in the equation below.
C/Y
r= ( I (%)
100
÷ C/Y + 1 ) P/Y
–1, { SS == 10 (Pmt_Begin)
(Pmt_End) }
1. I% calculation
1 If PMT = 0
- 1n
(
r = - PV
FV ) –1
2 If PMT ≠ 0
-n
f (r) = PV + (1 + r × s) × PMT × 1 – (1 + r) + FV (1 + r)-n: (r ≠ 0)
r
f (r) = PV + PMT × n + FV: (r = 0)
2. PV calculation
1 If r ≠ 0, r > -1
-n
PV = - (1 + r × s) × 1 – (1 + r) × PMT – FV × (1 + r)-n
r
2 If r = 0
PV = -n × PMT – FV
3 If r ≤ -1
Error
237
3. FV calculation
1 If r ≠ 0, r > -1
1 – (1 + r)-n
PV + (1 + r × s) × r × PMT
FV = – -n
(1 + r)
2 If r = 0
FV = -n × PMT – PV
3 If r ≤ -1
Error
4. PMT calculation
1 If r ≠ 0, r > -1
PV + FV × (1 + r)-n
PMT = –
1 – (1 + r)-n
(1 + r × s) ×
r
2 If r = 0
PMT = – PV + FV
n
3 If r ≤ -1
Error
5. N calculation
1 If r ≠ 0, r > -1
1
PV + × (1 + r × s) × PMT
log { 1
r
× (1 + r × s) × PMT – FV
}
r
N=–
log (1 + r)
2 If r = 0
N = – FV + PV
PMT
3 If r ≤ -1
Error
238
In I% calculations
If PMT > 0:
Pmt_End mode: PV ≥ 0 and FV + PMT ≥ 0
PV < 0 and FV + PMT < 0
Pmt_Begin mode: PV + PMT ≥ 0 and FV ≥ 0
PV + PMT < 0 and FV < 0
If PMT < 0:
Pmt_End mode: PV > 0 and FV + PMT > 0
PV ≤ 0 and FV + PMT ≤ 0
Pmt_Begin mode: PV + PMT > 0 and FV > 0
PV + PMT ≤ 0 and FV ≤ 0
If PMT = 0: PV ÷ FV ≥ 0
3. Distribution function
1 pdfnorm(
(x – µ) Calculation result→Xreg µ: Mean
2
1
f (x) = exp (– )
2π σ 2σ2
σ: Standard
deviation
2 pdfT(
- df + 1
Γ ( df + 1 ) (1 + x ) 2
2
∞
239
3 pdfχ2(
df
χ2 2 – 1 (- χ )
2
2 1
f (χ , df) = ( ) e 2
2
2Γ ( df )
2
4 pdfF(
240
6. Calculation Range
1. Arithmetic calculation
The results for dividend, multiplicand and operand are:
-1 × 10100 < x ≤ -1 × 10-99, 1 × 10-99 < x ≤ 1 × 10100 or x = 0
(valid within the range of display capability)
Note: Calculation results and input values less than 1 × 10-99 are
considered equal to 0.
2. Function calculation
Calculation accuracy
In principle, calculation errors are ±1 of the last digit. (In case of exponential
display, the calculation errors are ±1 of the last digit of the mantissa display.)
However, a calculation error increases in continuous calculations due to
accumulation of each calculation error. (This is the same for ab, a b , n!, ex, In, etc.
where continuous calculations are performed internally.)
Additionally, a calculation error will accumulate and become larger in the
vicinity of inflection points and singular points of functions. (for example,
calculating sinh X or tanh X at X = 0)
When b < 0:
1
a is an odd number, or a is an integer (a ≠ 0)
1
However, -1 × 10100 < a log |b| < 100
x = r cosθ
y = r sinθ
rθ → x
|r| < 1 × 10100 The range of θ is
rθ → y
the same as x of
sin x and cos x
Binary: 1000000000000000 ≤ x
≤ 1111111111111111
0 ≤ x ≤ 0111111111111111
0 ≤ x ≤ 0111111111111111
243
< 1 × 10100
n>0
|Σx| < 1 × 1050
|(Σx) (Σy)| < 1 × 10100
Regression calcula-
(Σx)2
0 < |Σx2 – n
| < 1 × 10100 tions excluding 2nd,
b
ΣxΣy 3rd, and 4th degree
|Σxy – n
| < 1 × 10100
polynomials.
< 1 × 10100
_
|bx| < 1 × 10100 Same as above.
a _ _
|y – bx| < 1 × 10100 Same as b for other.
|bx| < 1 × 10100
y’
|a + bx| < 1 × 10100
|y – a| < 1 × 10100
x’ y–a
| b | < 1 × 10100
244
7. CATALOG Feature
Press @ j to display the CATALOG menu.
You can directly access various features and commands from the CATALOG menu.
CATALOG menu lists are different between the Basic mode and the Advanced mode.
For example, in Program edit mode of the Advanced mode, you can access the
program commands from the CATALOG menu.
Please note that you can enter the eular number “e” only from the CATALOG menu.
The Basic mode features and commands accessible only from the CATALOG menu
are:
and, ANOVA(, cos–1, cosh, cosh–1, cot, cot–1, csc, csc–1, cumul, d/dx(, dx, e, ex,
fmax(, fmin(, Inflec, ln, log2, not, or, prod(, Rg_a+bx, Rg_aebx, Rg_axb, Rg_ln,
Rg_log, Rg_logistic, Rg_sin, Rg_x3, Rg_x4, sec, sec–1, sin–1, sinh, sinh–1, tan–1,
tanh, tanh–1, xnor, xor, [, ], :, =, , >, , <, , 2x, Σ(, ∫.
The Advanced mode features and commands accessible only from the CATALOG
menu are:
→a b/c, →A.xxx, →b/c, e, int÷, remain, rndCoin, rndDice, Simp, %.
246
1. MATH menus
Functions Keystrokes
Syntax Page
Commands Advanced mode Basic mode
M CALC
log2 log2 value A01 70
2X 2 value A02 71
10x 10 value A5 43
247
Functions Keystrokes
Syntax Page
Commands Advanced mode Basic mode
M NUM
abs( abs(value) B1 B1 73/43
M PROB
random random [(number of trial)] C1 C1 74/46
! value ! C5 C7 74/48
M CONV
→deg value →deg D1 D1 74/48
M ANGLE
° value ° [value ’ value "] E1 E1 76/49
248
Functions Keystrokes
Syntax Page
Commands Advanced mode Basic mode
g value g E5 76
M INEQ
= value A = value B F1 76
≠ value A ≠ value B F2 76
≥ value A ≥ value B F4 76
≤ value A ≤ value B F6 76
M LOGIC
and value A and value B G1 77
or value A or value B G2 77
M COMPLEX
conj( conj(complex number) H1 78
or value A or value B A2 77
2. LIST menus
Functions Keystrokes
Syntax Page
Commands Advanced mode Basic mode
@ l OPE/NAME
L1 No arguments A1 132
249
Functions Keystrokes
Syntax Page
Commands Advanced mode Basic mode
L2 No arguments A2 132
L3 No arguments A3 132
L4 No arguments A4 132
L5 No arguments A5 132
L6 No arguments A6 132
@ l L_DATA
StoLD StoLD natural number C1 D1 142
250
Functions Keystrokes
Syntax Page
Commands Advanced mode Basic mode
@l{}
{ No arguments E1 132
} No arguments E2 132
3. STAT menus
Functions Keystrokes
Syntax Page
Commands Advanced mode Basic mode
S EDIT/OPE
EDIT No arguments AE AE 149
SetList SetList [list name 1, list name 2, list name 3, ... ] B3 B3 159
S CALC
1_Stats 1_Stats [x list name [, frequency list]] C1 C1 150
S REG
Med_Med (list name for x, list name for y
Med_Med D01 D1 160
[, frequency list] [, equation name to store])
Rg_ax+b (list name for x, list name for y
Rg_ax+b D02 D2 160
[, frequency list] [, equation name to store])
Rg_a+bx (list name for x, list name for y
Rg_a+bx D03 160
[, frequency list] [, equation name to store])
Rg_x2 (list name for x, list name for y
Rg_x2 D04 D3 160
[, frequency list] [, equation name to store])
Rg_x3 (list name for x, list name for y
Rg_x3 D05 160
[, frequency list] [, equation name to store])
Rg_x4 (list name for x, list name for y
Rg_x4 D06 161
[, frequency list] [, equation name to store])
Rg_ln (list name for x, list name for y
Rg_ln D07 161
[, frequency list] [, equation name to store])
Rg_log (list name for x, list name for y
Rg_log D08 161
[, frequency list] [, equation name to store])
* “list” in the above table means a list or a list name.
251
Functions Keystrokes
Syntax Page
Commands Advanced mode Basic mode
Rg_abx (list name for x, list name for y
Rg_abx D09 D4 161
[, frequency list] [, equation name to store])
Rg_aebx (list name for x, list name for y
Rg_aebx D10 161
[, frequency list] [, equation name to store])
Rg_x-1 (list name for x, list name for y
Rg_x-1 D11 D5 162
[, frequency list] [, equation name to store])
Rg_axb (list name for x, list name for y
Rg_axb D12 162
[, frequency list] [, equation name to store])
Rg_logistic (list name for x, list name for y
Rg_logistic D13 162
[, frequency list] [, equation name to store])
Rg_sin ([iterations,] list name for x, list name for y
Rg_sin [, frequency list] [, period] [, equation name to D14 162
store])
x' value or list x' D15 D6 163
S TEST
χ2 test No arguments E01 166
S DISTRI
pdfnorm( pdfnorm(value [, mean, standard deviation]) F01 177
252
Functions Keystrokes
Syntax Page
Commands Advanced mode Basic mode
cdfnorm(lower limit, upper limit [,mean, standard
cdfnorm( F02 177
deviation])
InvNorm( InvNorm(probability [, mean, standard deviation]) F03 178
253
Functions Keystrokes
Syntax Page
Commands Advanced mode Basic mode
Broken + No arguments B2 B2 154
5. DRAW menus
Functions Keystrokes
Syntax Page
Commands Advanced mode Basic mode
@ d DRAW
ClrDraw No arguments A1 A1 102
254
Functions Keystrokes
Syntax Page
Commands Advanced mode Basic mode
Draw Draw equation A6 A6 107
@ d POINT
PntON( PntON(x-coordinate, y-coordinate) B1 B1 110
@ d ON/OFF/LINE/G_DATA/PICT/SHADE
DrawON [equation number 1, equation number 2,
DrawON C1 C1 111
…]
DrawOFF [equation number 1, equation number 2,
DrawOFF C2 C2 111
…]
LINE No arguments DE DE 112
6. ZOOM menus
Functions Keystrokes
Syntax Page
Commands Advanced mode Basic mode
Z ZOOM
Auto
No arguments A1 A1 53
Zm_Auto
Box
No arguments A2 A2 54
Zm_Box
255
Functions Keystrokes
Syntax Page
Commands Advanced mode Basic mode
In
No arguments A3 A3 54
Zm_In
Out
No arguments A4 A4 54
Zm_Out
Default
No arguments A5 A5 54
Zm_Default
Square
No arguments A6 A6 54
Zm_Square
Dec
No arguments A7 A7 54
Zm_Dec
Int
No arguments A8 A8 54
Zm_Int
Stat
No arguments A9 A9 54
Zm_Stat
Z FACTOR/POWER
FACTOR No arguments BE BE 55
x2 _
No arguments C1 C1 55
Zm_x2
x-1
No arguments C2 C2 55
Zm_x-1
x No arguments C3 C3 55
Zm_ x
Z EXP
10x
No arguments D1 D1 55
Zm_10x
ex
No arguments D2 97
Zm_ex
log x
No arguments D3 D2 55
Zm_log
ln x
No arguments D4 97
Zm_ln
Z TRIG
sin x
No arguments E1 E1 56
Zm_sin
cos x
No arguments E2 E2 56
Zm_cos
tan x
No arguments E3 E3 56
Zm_tan
256
Functions Keystrokes
Syntax Page
Commands Advanced mode Basic mode
sin-1 x
No arguments E4 97
Zm_sin-1
cos-1 x
No arguments E5 97
Zm_cos-1
tan-1 x
No arguments E6 97
Zm_tan-1
Z HYP/STO/RCL
sinh x
No arguments F1 97
Zm_sinh
cosh x
No arguments F2 97
Zm_cosh
tanh x
No arguments F3 97
Zm_tanh
sinh-1 x
No arguments F4 97
Zm_sinh-1
cosh-1 x
No arguments F5 97
Zm_cosh-1
tanh-1 x
No arguments F6 97
Zm_tanh-1
StoWin No arguments G1 F1 56
RclWin No arguments H1 G1 56
PreWin No arguments H2 G2 56
7. CALC menus
Functions Keystrokes
Syntax Page
Commands Advanced mode Basic mode
@ k CALC
Value Value x A1 A1 60
Intsct No arguments A2 A2 60
Minimum No arguments A3 A3 60
Maximum No arguments A4 A4 61
X_Incpt No arguments A5 A5 61
Y_Incpt No arguments A6 A6 61
Inflec No arguments A7 94
257
9. PRGM menus
Functions Keystrokes
Syntax Page
Commands Advanced mode Basic mode
P
EXEC No arguments A A 202
258
Functions Keystrokes
Syntax Page
Commands Advanced mode Basic mode
For For variable, start value, end value [, increment] B07 215
commands
Next Next B08 215
259
Functions Keystrokes
Syntax Page
Commands Advanced mode Basic mode
Decimal No arguments E17 211
260
Functions Keystrokes
Syntax Page
Commands Advanced mode Basic mode
P (in the Prgramming mode) COPY
StoLine No arguments H1 216
@ m EDIT
mat A No arguments B1 122
@ m OPE
dim( dim(matrix name) C01 125
261
Functions Keystrokes
Syntax Page
Commands Advanced mode Basic mode
augment( augment(matrix name A, matrix name B) C04 126
@ m MATH/[ ]
det det matrix name D1 129
[ No arguments E1 130
] No arguments E2 130
slv_pmt slv_pmt [(N, I%, PV, FV, P/Y, C/Y)] B01 189
slv_I% slv_I% [(N, PV, PMT, FV, P/Y, C/Y)] B02 189
slv_PV slv_PV [(N, I%, PMT, FV, P/Y, C/Y)] B03 189
slv_N slv_N [(I%, PV, PMT, FV, P/Y, C/Y)] B04 189
slv_FV slv_FV [(N, I%, PV, PMT, P/Y, C/Y)] B05 189
262
Functions Keystrokes
Syntax Page
Commands Advanced mode Basic mode
Irr(initial investment, list of following collected
Irr( investment [, frequency list] [, assumed revenue B07 190
rate])
Bal(number of payments [, decimal place to
Bal( B08 191
round])
∑Prn(initial number of payments, end number of
∑Prn( B09 191
payments [, decimal place to round])
∑Int(initial number of payments, end number of
∑Int( B10 191
payments [, decimal place to round])
→Apr(effective interest rate, number of
→Apr( B11 192
settlements)
→Eff(nominal interest rate, number of
→Eff( B12 192
settlements)
days(start month. day year, end month. day year)
days( B13 192
days(day month. year, day month. year)
@ g PERIOD
PmtEnd No arguments C1 188
@ g VARS
N No arguments D1 193
I% No arguments D2 193
PV No arguments D3 193
FV No arguments D5 193
2 No arguments B2 82
3 No arguments B3 82
4 No arguments B4 82
5 No arguments B5 82
263
Functions Keystrokes
Syntax Page
Commands Advanced mode Basic mode
6 No arguments B6 82
2 No arguments C2 82
3 No arguments C3 82
264
INDEX
: (colon) ......................................................... 134, 214 Battery, inserting ...................................................... 2
(n-1)-based (Web), sequence ................................ 90 Battery, replacing the ....................................... 228
“, PRGM ................................................................ 207 Binary, NBASE ....................................................... 81
1_Stats, CALC ...................................................... 150 Blank line, programming ...................................... 205
2nd Function key .................................................... 18 Box plot, Graph type ............................................ 155
2ndF key ......................................................... 5, 8, 18 Box, ZOOM ............................................................. 54
2x, CALC ................................................................. 71 Braces ..................................................................... 40
2_Stats, CALC ...................................................... 150 BRNCH menu, Programming ....................... 209, 214
10x ........................................................................... 43 Broken line plot, Graph type ................................ 154
χ2 test, TEST ........................................................ 166 BS key ...................................................................... 6
∑Int(, CALC .......................................................... 191
∑Prn(, CALC ........................................................ 191 C
→Apr(, CALC ........................................................ 192 CALC .......................................................... 42, 60, 70
→Eff(, CALC ......................................................... 192 CALC function .................................................... 93
CALC functions, financial ................................ 189
A CALC key ............................................................. 5
A-LOCK key .............................................................. 5 CALC menu, STAT ........................................... 150
abs( ......................................................................... 43 CALC, MATH ...................................................... 70
abs(, COMPLX ................................................... 79 Calculation screen, entering the ............................ 11
abs(, NUM .......................................................... 73 CATALOG ............................................................... 41
Absolute value ................................................... 43 cdfbin(, DISTRI ..................................................... 181
absolute value, COMPLX .................................. 79 cdfF(, DISTRI ....................................................... 180
Advanced keyboard ................................................ 66 cdfgeo(, DISTRI .................................................... 182
Advanced Mode ............................................... iii, 7, 9 cdfnorm(, DISTRI ................................................. 177
ALPHA key ..................................................... 5, 8, 19 cdfpoi(, DISTRI ..................................................... 182
and, LOGIC ............................................................ 77 cdfT(, DISTRI ....................................................... 179
ANGLE .................................................................... 49 cdfχ2(, DISTRI ...................................................... 179
ANGLE, MATH ................................................... 76 Circle(, DRAW ...................................................... 108
ANOVA(, CALC ..................................................... 152 CL key ....................................................................... 6
ANS key .................................................................. 40 CLIP key ................................................................... 6
ANSWER ............................................................ 26 ClrDraw, DRAW .................................................... 102
Answer mode, changing the .............................. 12 ClrG, SCRN .......................................................... 209
Arc cosine ............................................................... 69 ClrList, OPE .......................................................... 159
Arc sine ................................................................... 69 ClrT, SCRN ........................................................... 209
Arc tangent ............................................................. 69 Combination ........................................................... 48
arg(, COMPLX ........................................................ 79 Comma ................................................................... 38
augment(, OPE ............................................. 126, 138 Command, programming ..................................... 207
Auto, SIMPLE ......................................................... 27 Common math function keys ................................. 21
Auto, TABLE ..................................................... 100 Comparison operand, program ............................ 206
Auto, ZOOM ....................................................... 53 Complex conjugate, COMPLX ............................... 78
AXIS, FORMAT ................................................. 63, 95 Complex number ................................................ 78
AxisOFF, FORMAT ............................................... 212 Complex number, available keys ....................... 80
AxisON, FORMAT ................................................ 212 Complex number, calculation ............................ 79
COMPLX, MATH ................................................ 78
B compound interest ................................................ 186
Bal(, CALC ............................................................ 191 Cumulative sum, CALC .......................................... 72
Basic keyboard ................................................. 31, 50 conj(, COMPLX ...................................................... 78
Basic Mode ....................................................... ii, 7, 9 Connect, FORMAT ............................................... 212
265
266
F H
FACTOR, ZOOM .................................................... 55 Hard cover, using the ............................................... 3
Factorial .................................................................. 48 Hexadecimal, NBASE ............................................ 81
Factorial, PROB ................................................. 74 Histogram, Graph type ......................................... 153
fill(, OPE ....................................................... 125, 136 HYP, ZOOM ............................................................ 97
FINANCE key ........................................................... 7 Hyperbolic cosine, CALC ....................................... 72
Financial features ............................................. 183 Hyperbolic sine, CALC ........................................... 72
Fix ........................................................................... 25 Hyperbolic tangent, CALC ..................................... 72
Fix, SETUP ...................................................... 211 H_line, DRAW ....................................................... 105
FloatPt .................................................................... 25
FloatPT, SETUP ............................................... 211 I
Flow control, programming .................................. 214 I/O menu, programming ....................................... 209
Flow diagram, financial ........................................ 183 identity, OPE ......................................................... 126
fmax(, CALC ........................................................... 71 If, BRNCH ............................................................. 214
fmin(, CALC ............................................................ 71 image(, COMPLX ................................................... 79
For, BRNCH .......................................................... 215 Imaginary part, COMPLX ....................................... 79
FORMAT ................................................................. 63 imaginary number .............................................. 70
FORMAT key ........................................................ 5 Improp, SETUP .................................................... 211
FORMAT menu, programming ......................... 211 Improp (Real) ..................................................... 26
Format setting .................................................... 95 In, ZOOM ................................................................ 54
fpart ........................................................................ 44 INEQ, MATH ........................................................... 76
Fraction calculation keys .............................. 7, 20, 35 Inequality ................................................................ 76
Fraction, entering ............................................... 11 Infinite loop, programming ................................... 220
Frequency, setting the .......................................... 147 Inflec, CALC ........................................................... 94
FSE ......................................................................... 25 INITIAL, SHADE ................................................... 114
Ftest2samp, TEST ................................................ 167 Input method .......................................................... 16
Input, PRGM .................................................... 207
G INS key ..................................................................... 6
gcd( ......................................................................... 45 Insert mode ........................................................ 17
gcd(, NUM .......................................................... 73 int ............................................................................ 44
Get, I/O ................................................................. 209 Int, NUM ............................................................. 73
Gosub, BRNCH .................................................... 216 Int, ZOOM .......................................................... 54
Goto, BRNCH ....................................................... 214 Integer ................................................................ 44
Grad ........................................................................ 25 Integer division keys ...................................... 7, 37
Grad, SETUP ................................................... 210 Integer division ............................................. 20, 37
GRAPH key ........................................................ 5, 53 Integral, CALC ........................................................ 71
Graph Equation window ..................................... 51 Intsct, CALC ........................................................... 60
Graph type, statistics ....................................... 153 Inverse cotangent, CALC ....................................... 72
Graphic method, SOLVER ............................... 198 Inverse cosecant, CALC ........................................ 72
Graphic parametric equation ............................. 87 Inverse hyperbolic cosine, CALC ........................... 73
Graphing sequences .......................................... 89 Inverse hyperbolic sine, CALC ............................... 73
Greater than ........................................................... 76 Inverse hyperbolic tangent, CALC ......................... 73
Greatest common divisor ....................................... 45 Inverse secant, CALC ............................................ 72
GRID, FORMAT ................................................ 63, 95 InvNorm(, DISTRI ................................................. 178
GridOFF, FORMAT ........................................... 212 ipart ......................................................................... 44
GridON, FORMAT ............................................ 212 ipart, NUM .......................................................... 73
G_DATA, DRAW ................................................... 112 Irr(, CALC ............................................................. 190
G_DATA, VARS ..................................................... 217
267
268
269
270
271
W
Wait, PRGM .......................................................... 208
Web, SETUP ........................................................ 210
Web, TYPE ......................................................... 96
WEnd, BRNCH ..................................................... 215
While, BRNCH ...................................................... 215
WINDOW ................................................................ 57
WINDOW key ....................................................... 5
WINDOW, setting the ....................................... 148
WINDOW, VARS .............................................. 217
Window, setting a ............................................... 98
X
x’, REG ................................................................. 163
xnor, LOGIC ........................................................... 78
xor, LOGIC .............................................................. 78
XY Line, Graph type ............................................. 156
X_Incpt, CALC ........................................................ 61
x±yi (Complex) ....................................................... 26
X±yi, SETUP ........................................................ 211
Y
Y’, FORMAT ...................................................... 63, 95
y’, REG ................................................................. 163
Y’OFF, FORMAT ................................................... 211
Y’ON, FORMAT .................................................... 211
Y= key ....................................................................... 5
Y_Incpt, CALC ........................................................ 61
Z
Zint1prop, TEST ................................................... 175
Zint1samp, TEST .................................................. 174
Zint2prop, TEST ................................................... 176
Zint2samp, TEST .................................................. 175
ZOOM ..................................................................... 53
ZOOM key ............................................................ 5
272
In Canada: Au Canada:
This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-
003 du Canada.
MODEL
EL-9900
GRAPHING CALCULATOR
GRAPHING CALCULATOR
OPERATION MANUAL
SHARP CORPORATION
02CGK(TINSE0511EHZZ)
PRINTED IN CHINA/IMPRIMÉ EN CHINE/IMPRESO EN CHINA
®