Group2 Ece1104 Ged 106 Research Based Documented Essay
Group2 Ece1104 Ged 106 Research Based Documented Essay
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
NOVEMBER 2022
I. Introduction
If you had a choice to end your current suffering, would you consider
dates back to ancient Greece and denotes a good death. It is the practice of
speeding up a patient's death to end their pain and suffering [16]. It has several
Williams was the one to first proposed and publically advocate the usage of
anesthetics and morphine to deliberately end a patient's life in public in 1870 [2].
In 1996, a terminally ill Australian man became the first person in the world to
precedents and laws in other nations, such as Japan and Columbia. Direct
euthanasia, a significant court ruling in 1962 laid out six criteria that a physician
must meet to legally perform the service for a patient. Columbia's highest court
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confirmed the ruling. In the first decade of the twenty-first century, euthanasia
communities, despite the fact that it benefits patients who choose it to end their
prevents the ratification of the Euthanasia bill. Philippine Senate in the year 1997
passive euthanasia was once void due to the opposition of the Catholic Church,
from the religious perspective, that life is a gift from God and should not be
prematurely shortened.
The stance of the Church that euthanasia is still morally and ethically
wrong is one of the significant reasons why it is condemned. Knowing that the
doctrine as the basis for their beliefs. The most recent version of the Catholic
Catechism of the Church, published in 2003, says that "all forms of suicide and
contrary to the moral law... And the sick persons should be helped to lead their
lives possibly as normal" [37]. In line with this, Pope John Paul II, in his written
document, wrote to reiterate the view of the Roman Catholic Church on the value
of life and warned against violating the sanctity of life. The pope stated,
"Euthanasia must not be called [a] false mercy, and indeed a disturbing perversion
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of mercy." It reaffirms that man must never deliberately kill or assist in killing
contrary to natural moral order [1]. Following a 2007 British Social Attitudes
study, 80% of the population stated that they wanted the law modified to allow
terminally ill patients the right to die with the assistance of a doctor. Patients with
the respondents. The "majority" of people were against family members partaking
this, another research stated that euthanasia is a more widely accepted method of
ending a life in the Netherlands. In 1988, 88% of the population supported such a
method of life deprivation, compared to 6% in 1975, when the population was 52.
The fact that 74% of Roman Catholics accept euthanasia is particularly intriguing
when people realize that the Catholic Church fiercely opposes it. According to
proponents of this type of deprivation of life, the main factor in this procedure
inhumane end [9]. Additionally, legal and medical theories assert that while
patients do not fear assisted suicide, their greatest worry is that their request will
be denied.
Legalizing euthanasia has been a topic debated around the world for years.
Few countries considered implementing its practice, but it remains illegal to most,
such as the Philippines. Based on the Bulletin of the World Health Organization in
2001, the Netherlands was the first country to legalize euthanasia (Jakhar et al.,
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statutory rules and procedures and obtaining consent. However, under the
republic act or bill supporting euthanasia is yet to be accepted. The closest was
the bill introduced by the late Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago—the Senate Bill
1887 or the "Natural Death Act," which only seeks to legalize passive euthanasia
[33; Ager, 2013). Regarding bioethics, Philippine laws, and the country's revised
penal code, euthanasia in any form shall remain illegal by all means.
II. Discussion
Various studies highly oppose and question the code and conduct of
exacerbates claims that euthanasia shall remain banned and prohibited. Based on
the study of Hetzler et al. (2019), 30% out of 1000 randomly chosen physicians in
the U.S. thought that legalizing PAS would lead to the legalization of all types of
euthanasia [14]. In addition, their result also suggests that 46% of physicians
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The results directed the study to conclude that there were disparities between the
PAS, given the bioethical codes they ought to follow. Based on the result of the
study mentioned above, together with other related literature and studies, the
First Argument
from the oath that reckons euthanasia being unethical—forcing doctors to swear
patient quality of life, not shorten it, various medical associations reject assisted
suicide as well as physician-assisted suicide (PAS) for the reason that it is against
professional ethics. Almost all observers agree that active euthanasia, both
without their consent. Most religious people agree that good end-of-life care is far
In 400 B.C., the Greek doctor Hippocrates of Cos, regarded as the father
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Hippocrates, has served as a standard of conduct for the medical community for
The collection included knowledge on medical topics and a set of guidelines for
medical educators and their students. The Hippocratic oath is a code, or a portion
of it, that has been passed down through generations of doctors. In the oath, the
and judgment, to refrain from causing harm or hurt, and to live an exemplary
quite obvious to forbid doctors from aiding in the suicide of their sick patients.
This conclusion has been contested, leading others to claim that what is intended
However, evidence suggests that Hippocratic doctors did not engage in what is
medicine is to improve patient quality of life, not to foreshorten it. To support the
between helping and hurting has been purposefully masked. In numerous regions,
it requires physicians to take the Hippocratic oath, and violating the oath's
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have begun to vary. Currently, many have begun to question whether euthanasia
and PAS violate the principles of the Hippocratic oath, which has been undertaken
Most arguments state that euthanasia violates the Hippocratic oath and is
unethical because it breaches the basis of medical ethics that revolves solely
around the oath's two principles. The first principle of the oath states, "first, do no
reason is that it harms by causing the body's organs to degrade and by simply
taking a human life in violation of the oath's clause that reads, "I will not give a
Additionally, doctors eventually destroy and kill human life, and thus will break
PAS. Euthanasia and PAS are morally wrong and should thus be outlawed in
many nations, including the United Kingdom because they violate the Hippocratic
anybody if asked for it, nor...make a suggestion to this effect" [21]. However, in
ancient Greece and Rome, PAS and euthanasia were commonplace. Samuel
legalizing euthanasia among American and British doctors in the late nineteenth
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century. In 1905, a bill to legalize euthanasia was introduced into the Ohio state
legislature.
even if doing so has the unintended consequence of hastening the patient's death,
Physicians may feel conflicted about their obligation to relieve pain and
for assisted suicide or euthanasia are not well recognized. Therefore, to examine
the worries, emotions, and pressure faced by physicians who receive requests for
total of 3000 random physicians were subjected to the said study. The sample
consisted of doctors who had provided adult patient care in the Netherlands over
the previous year. When questioned about the most recent instance in which they
denied a request for euthanasia or assisted suicide, half of the doctors responded
in the affirmative, and the other half in the negative [22]. Based on the same
application. Physicians, who declined and approved a request for assisted suicide
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or euthanasia, frequently expressed concerns about particular parts of the
procedures, such as the emotional toll of planning and carrying out the operations.
the patient was under 80 years old, had a life expectancy of fewer than six
months, and did not have cancer. Most medical professionals who aided in or
Physicians' stress may make them less ready to perform assisted suicide and
euthanasia. In light of this, they should not be pressured to go against their moral
Following Articles 28.1 and 28.2 of our Code of Medical Ethics and
Deontology, physicians must fulfill their legitimate role in supporting and caring
for their dying patients by sharp pain and distress management. He or she should
try for the maximum possible material well-being; he or she should provide
circumstances; and he or she should also help the dying person's relatives. When
he refrains from painful and unjustifiable therapies and suspends them because
they are no longer helpful, the physician also dignifies death and financial aid.
However, killing a sick person or assisting in his suicide would betray his
purposefully cause death; that is not what medicine is. Even if the patient, his or
her family, a hospital care provider, a committee, or the law permits it, a doctor
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may never exercise the given authority and prerogatives by society to carry out a
death sentence mandated by a court of law or to end the life of a sick person [13].
although it helps patients who opt for it to end their excruciating suffering from
incurable and fatal conditions. However, there have been various instances of
uncertainty when weighing the pros and cons of legalizing euthanasia. Taking
and vice versa demonstrates that it is difficult for them to accept any attitude
[5]. Opponents of PAS may object because violating the Hippocratic Oath may
reduce the cost of health care or because suffering and terminal illness are
in legalizing euthanasia is how the medical profession will begin to teach medical
students and residents how and when it is appropriate to end a human life. If not
all physicians hold the same views on this issue, it is necessary to require
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Second Argument
the country. In addition, as the 1987 Philippine Constitution does not contain any
language referring to a "right to death" or anything similar, a law in the nation has
not yet been passed allowing for mercy killing or euthanasia. Furthermore, no law
codes, and conducts that were predominantly followed and established throughout
the years.
choice in discussing human life. Fernando (2019) stated, "euthanasia has a noble
intention, but it is never our call to decide who and when to die. Mercy killing is
regarding human rights and contradicts the constitution. He added that people do
not pass judgment on who should live and when they should die. According to
Article II, Section 11 of the Philippine Constitution from 1987, the State upholds
the dignity of every individual. It ensures that their rights are fully respected.
Euthanasia is, therefore, in opposition to both the Philippine Constitution and the
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Hippocratic oath that says, "To please no one will I prescribe a deadly drug nor
Moreover, based on Section one of Article III, also known as the 1987
life…without due process of law…". The article implies that by any means, any
statutory conducts or processes if there is one [34]. However, in the case of the
others or their manner of death. Instead, the country strictly follows Act no. 3185,
also known as The Revised Penal Code, where any action of harming or killing
others or assisting another to commit suicide—under Article 248 and Article 253,
respectively, is punishable by law, and anywho commits such actions are deemed
illegal, despite the fact that since the 1980s, when a movement towards palliative
and hospice care emerged, more and more medical professionals have used it as a
Philippines considered its first Euthanasia bill by 1997 as part of a 16-point bill of
rights for patients [19]. The controversy made headlines since the Philippines
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would be the first Catholic country to legalize euthanasia if the bill was ratified
and incorporated into law. However, it only managed to undergo the first reading,
given that many opposed the idea of its implementation. As stated by then-Senate
Health Committee Secretary John Basa, the said bill would create a new world for
doctors—since if they try to aid a patient to die before its legalization, they could
emphasized that the bill only seeks to legislate passive euthanasia, albeit still
for the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines, such an act of omission
murder—disrespecting the life given by His Creator [19]. The bill was
immediately rejected, not only because of religious beliefs but due to the gaps
Miriam Defensor Santiago during the first regular session of the Thirteenth
Congress of the Republic of the Philippines. It was first recognized as Senate Bill
2008, also known as the Natural Death Act of 2005. The bill aims to recognize the
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to legalize passive euthanasia within the country. Senator Miriam Defensor
Santiago kept passing the bill until the first regular session of the Sixteenth
Congress of the Republic of the Philippines. This time, it was re-introduced as the
Senate Bill 1887 or the Natural Death Act, with the same aim of recognizing the
[33].
In addition, the present legal system of the Netherlands went into effect in
2001. The Supreme Court's euthanasia guidelines were defined in the Termination
permitting an appeal based on the necessity defense. The Act amends sections 293
and 294 of the Dutch Criminal Code. Subsection 2 of Sections 293 and 294 states
that euthanasia or assisted suicide is not unlawful if and when a doctor, who
fulfilled a death request, has adhered to the due care criteria set out in the Act. To
c) must have been convinced that the patient's suffering was both hopeless
and unbearable;
d) the doctor must have carried out the euthanasia, or assisted with the
e)The patient must have been seen by at least one impartial doctor, who
must have given his opinion, in writing, about the first four criteria.
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In addition to the proper care standards, there is a reporting standard that
mandates that when a doctor ends a patient's life, the doctor must contact the
coroner and report the details of the death to one of five regional review
committees. When deciding whether to bring legal action against the doctor, the
committee (which must include at least one attorney, one physician, and an
ethicist) must submit a report to the Public Prosecution Service (Vres, 2004) [17].
However, according to Groenewoud et al. (2021), the Netherlands' death rate rose
from 1.9% in 1990 to 4.4% in 2017 due to the legalization of all kinds of
practice throughout its regions. They claimed that this might be due to the
underuse, overuse, or misuse of euthanasia which might become the case for other
countries who plan to legalize the practice [11]. Other than that, a published
article revealed that the cases of euthanasia in the Netherlands significantly rose
from 1,882 reported cases in 2002 to 6,091 cases in 2016—implying that the
number of euthanasia cases doubled within ten years of its legislation and tripled
after 15 years. Albeit, 83% of these reported cases were of euthanizing patients
who are terminally ill or incurable. The remaining percentages were allocated to
pathologies, disabilities due to old age, psychiatric disorders, and dementia [24].
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Third Argument
suicide, that results in murder as it was based on the revised penal code of the
murder, and homicide which implies that anyone who aids another person in
killing themselves faces the punishment of prision mayor. If a person drives his
exclusion. After all, the state and doctors must preserve life while providing care
Graham & Prichard (2013), those two are examples of assisted death. In general,
assisted suicide is when a person has been prescribed drugs that they must take
person seeking assistance to die has someone else take the action that leads to
the assistance of a doctor or nurse practitioner who is present and administers the
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Conforming to Zhongq (2019), The line between the two courses of
action, euthanasia, and murder, is ambiguous because of the two points they have
in common [40]. First, most of the world's nations prohibit both murder and
euthanasia. If someone chooses to do either of the deeds, they shall know that the
legislation will investigate them until the "murderer" is given the proper penalties.
Second, using equipment to kill another individual and acting out until that person
dies are practically the same actions in both euthanasia and murder. Euthanasia
to die peacefully and painlessly; however, even if the killing is painless, it does
Counter Argument
In the case of the Hippocratic oath, there are still studies that argue how, in
certain situations, providing euthanasia is the best solution to help a patient. Spina
(2019) claims that the Hippocratic Oath does not specify nor oblige physicians to
preserve life; however, it takes and at all costs. In any sense, physicians should
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not be committed to prolonging life—they should "help" the sick and not "injure"
undermines the integrity of physicians—" to heal and not to harm" and may
pain and suffering rather than getting euthanized. Palliative care and hospice care
are among the most common measures used globally. Palliative care is considered
the best countermeasure, and why euthanasia should not be legislated in any case.
This specialized medical care provides for people with terminal illnesses to
enhance their quality of life and help them understand and decide on the preferred
medical treatment [25, 36]. On the other hand, hospice care is intended for people
whose life expectancy is six months or less. Its main point is to give the best
quality of life possible for a patient for their remaining time—not as a form of
cure for any disease [30]. Based on an article from the United States Conference
and unintended effects of treatments—" to kill the pain, not the patient [28]."
They argue that given the availability of practicing palliative and hospice care,
there is no need for hastily ending the life of another, which will forever be an
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It is also notable that the Philippine Senate once considered legalizing euthanasia,
bill imposing the practice had specific statutory rules aligned with the patient's
decision to continue suffering or die in peace instead. The said bill specifically
claims that patients should have the right to refuse life-sustaining treatments or
not to suffer and die with dignity. Based on the excerpt of the Natural Death Act,"
[The] prolongation of the process of dying for persons with a terminal condition
euthanasia was to alleviate the pain of patients. Moreover, Section 2 of the bill
declares that it is the state's policy to value and respect every person's dignity and
human rights, such as their right to decide on health care. The bill also has
acknowledge the patient's decision. Meanwhile, Section 6 of the bill imposes the
liability and immunity of health care providers and facilities from "legal, civil,
was on similar terms with the Dutch law that any action with the intent of ending
a life is a criminal offense except when a physician fulfills the "statutory due care
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However, despite the said bill being ideal for most people to end their
nonsensical suffering, there are still underlying issues that one must observe and
the Netherlands. The practice of PAS became normalized to the point that the
recorded cases of euthanasia within the region significantly rose from 4,188 in
2012 to 7,000 in 2017 [25]. Based on the same article, the hike in cases of PAS
euthanasia. Examples are those who were euthanized although they suffer from
supports the claim that the Netherlands experienced such discrepancies among
cases of euthanasia due to the underuse, overuse, or misuse of the practice, which
might become the same case for other countries that plan to legalize it. Euthanasia
has increased the country's mortality rate from 1.9% in 1990 to 4.4% in 2017, at
an alarming rate of tripled cases for 15 years since its legalization in the
In other cases, euthanasia is not viewed as either murder or suicide but rather
as a right to death with dignity. Active euthanasia supporters often contend that
killing patients is not worse than allowing them to die. Patients should have the
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vegetative states with no chance of recovery eliminates further unnecessary and
pointless medical interventions. Killing them would stop any more misery if they
neuron disease, she was paralyzed neck down. Mrs. Pretty has almost no
intelligible speech and is tube-fed. Her life expectancy is extremely low and only
measured in weeks or months. Her reasoning skills and intelligence, however, are
unaffected. The disease's last phases are incredibly unpleasant and humiliating.
She desires to be able to decide how and when she dies to avoid the anguish and
indignity she would experience if this continues. Since she cannot commit suicide
herself, she wants her husband, Brian Pretty, to assist her suicide without
suicide, the applicant's illness prevents her from doing it on her own. However,
according to Section 2(1) of the Suicide Act of 1961 in the United Kingdom, it is
illegal to aid someone else in committing suicide. It leads Diane Pretty to bring
her case to the court and reach the House of the Lords, the highest court at that
time. However, her case was rejected in the high court, and her appeals were
dismissed. Diane Pretty continued to suffer from her illness until she died (CASE
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legally—either by new legislation or by a more forthright judiciary's
for people with the same case, like Diane Pretty, who is permanent and severely
the patient's best interest [10]. If certain patients' needs are satisfied by death or if
represents a moral good for these individuals as they will suffer less.
However, the Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales stated that
the idea that human life was a gift from God that was accepted in trust was a
fundamental part of the Catholic faith. Even with the agreement, acts intended to
to be a human. They further mentioned, "Suicide and euthanasia were outside the
range of morally acceptable options in dealing with human suffering and dying"
80% of Filipinos are Catholics, and the other 20% may have their own belief and
views about euthanasia, the majority of them may oppose the concept of
Euthanasia in the Philippines. Those who oppose euthanasia frequently claim that
killing is never morally right and that voluntary or involuntary euthanasia violates
III. Conclusion
Most Filipinos and the Philippine government cannot entirely embrace and
favor euthanasia legalization in the country. There are various factors why the
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many views and aspects, is unethical. Performing euthanasia was unethical from
the standpoint of the religious group and the point of the Hippocratic oath and the
preserve all beings' lives, it is a big deal for them to commit an act that goes
(PAS) or euthanasia breaches a series of laws, codes, and acts punishable under
legal actions against the participants involved are still imparted in this practice
and labeled murderers. It is where the fact that another is taking someone's life
does not change, even if the killing is painless. From the perspective of the
nation's residents, the state, and the religion, euthanasia will continue to be
unlawful and unethical. On this basis, future researchers may propose palliative
and hospice care as conventional measures for the ill-patients that are more
better implements and procedures for improving the quality of care and holding
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IV. References
Electronic Documents
Article in Online Encyclopedia
[1] B. Garcia & K. Brind’Amour. “Evangelium Vitae [1995], by pope John Paul
II” in The Embryo Project Encyclopedia. The Embryo Project at Arizona State
University, [online document], 2007. Available: The Embryo Project
Encyclopedia,
https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/evangelium-vitae-1995-pope-john-paul-ii
[Accessed: Nov. 16, 2022].
[2] ProCon. “Historical Timeline: History of Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted
Suicide” in ProCon/Encyclopedia Brittanica. Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc.,
[online document], 2022. Available: ProCon/Encyclopedia Brittanica,
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[3] W. D. Smith, “Hippocrates,” Encyclopædia Britannica. [Online]. Available:
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hippocrates. [Accessed: November 15,
2022].
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htm. [Accessed: Nov. 18, 2022]
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[Online]. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3612319/
[Accessed: Nov. 16, 2022].
[17] D. P. Sulmasy, J. M. Travaline, L. A. Mitchell, and E. W. Ely,
“Non-Faith-Based Arguments against Physician-Assisted Suicide and
Euthanasia,” The Linacre Quarterly, vol. 83, no. 3, pp. 246–257, Aug. 2016,
doi: 10.1080/00243639.2016.1201375.
[18] Ubaldus dr Vries A Dutch Perspective: The Limits of Lawful Euthanasia, 13
Annals Health L. 365 (2004). Available at:
http://lawecommons.luc.edu/annals/vol13/iss2/4
[19] C. Wallerstein, “Philippines considers euthanasia bill,” BMJ, vol. 314, no.
7095, p. 1641, Jun. 1997, doi: 10.1136/bmj.314.7095.1641i.
[20] P. A. Pecorino, “Euthanasia,” Social Context, 2002. [Online]. Available:
https://www.qcc.cuny.edu/socialsciences/ppecorino/medical_ethics_text/Chapt
er_11_Termination_of_Life/Social_Context.htm#:~:text=Hippocrates%20men
tions%20euthanasia%20in%20the,that%20life%20needed%20to%20be.
[Accessed: 26-Nov-2022].
Internet Documents
Professional Internet Site
[23] “Act No. 3815, s. 1930,” Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines,
Dec. 08, 1930.
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1930/12/08/act-no-3815-s-1930/ [Accessed
Nov. 24, 2022].
[24] Alliance Vita, “Euthanasia in the Netherlands - Alliance VITA,” Alliance
VITA, Nov. 24, 2017.
https://www.alliancevita.org/en/2017/11/euthanasia-in-the-netherlands/
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[Accessed Nov. 22, 2022].
[25] D. Boffey, “Dutch prosecutors to investigate euthanasia cases after sharp rise,”
The Guardian, Mar. 12, 2018.
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/mar/12/dutch-prosecutors-investigat
e-euthanasia-cases-sharp-rise-docter-assisted-deaths-netherlands [Accessed
Nov. 25, 2022].
[26] European Court of Human Rights, “Case of Pretty v. the United Kingdom,”
HUDOC.European Court of Human Rights, 2002. [Online]. Available:
https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-60448%22]}.
[Accessed: Nov 26, 2022].
[27] BBC, “Ethics - euthanasia: Ethical problems of euthanasia,” BBC (British
Broadcasting Corporation), n.d. [Online]. Available:
https://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/euthanasia/overview/problems.shtml. [Accessed:
26-Nov-2022].
[28] “Killing the Pain, Not the Patient: Palliative Care vs. Assisted Suicide |
USCCB,” United States Conference of Catholic Bishops.
https://www.usccb.org/prolife/killing-pain-not-patient-palliative-care-vs-assist
ed-suicide [Accessed Nov. 25, 2022].
[29] N. Davis, “Euthanasia and assisted dying rates are soaring. But where are they
legal?,” The Guardian, Jul. 15, 2019.
https://www.theguardian.com/news/2019/jul/15/euthanasia-and-assisted-dying
-rates-are-soaring-but-where-are-they-legal [Accessed Nov. 22, 2022].
[30] “Hospice care: Comforting the terminally ill,” Mayo Clinic, 2019.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/end-of-life/in-depth/hospice-care
/art-20048050 [Accessed Nov. 25, 2022].
[31] J. Miller, “Religion in the Philippines,” Asia Society, 2022.
https://asiasociety.org/education/religion-philippines#:~:text=The%20Philippi
nes%20proudly%20boasts%20to [Accessed Nov. 22, 2022].
[32] “Natural Death Act of 2005,” Senate of the Philippines, May 30, 2005.
https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/lisdata/34342743!.pdf [Accessed Nov. 24, 2022].
[33] “Natural Death Act,” Senate of the Philippines, Nov. 06, 2013.
http://legacy.senate.gov.ph/lisdata/1812315368!.pdf [Accessed Nov. 24,
2022].
[34] Official Gazette, “The Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines,”
Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines, 1987.
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/ [Accessed
Nov. 24, 2022].
[35] W. en S. Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, “Euthanasia - Government.nl,”
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Government of the Netherlands, Aug. 25, 2011.
https://www.government.nl/topics/euthanasia#:~:text=Under%20Dutch%20la
w%2C%20any%20action [Accessed Nov. 22, 2022].
[36] National Institute on Aging, “What Are Palliative Care and Hospice Care?,”
National Institute on Aging, May 14, 2021.
https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-are-palliative-care-and-hospice-care
[Accessed Nov. 22, 2022].
Internet Newsgroup
[40] Zhongq, “The similarities and differences between euthanasia and murder,”
USENET: shorturl.at/afJL6, February 20, 2019. [Accessed: November 18,
2022].
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Appendices
A. Curriculum Vitae
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B. Plagiarism Scan Reports
Check the plagiarism percentage of your work through the attached links. Screenshot the
result and paste it here. Allowed percentage for plagiarism is 15% -20% only.
Site Result
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