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Bcetal - Psychedelic Drugs
Bcetal - Psychedelic Drugs
Summary
-categories of psychedelic drugs
-Anticholinergies scopolamine
-
-Catecholaminergies mescaline,
-
MDMA
-Synthetic amphetamines
Hallucinogens(Serotoninergiasi-LCC,DMT, psilocybinOpsilocormethoprite
-
I-
I I
TYPE Funcion(s) Examples
block acetylcholine, inhibiting scopolamine
Anticholinergic impulses responsible for
involuntary muscle mumts
& other bodily functions
modulate catecholamine
systems mescaline
Catecholaminergic eg. dopamine, epiphrine, MDMA
norepinephrine
stimulate/block serotonin LSD
serotoninergic systems psilocybin
Glutaminergic
bind to NMDA receptors & ketamine
NMDA receptor preventbindingofglutamate, theymemantine
are
dextromethorphan
newe cells
Anticholinergics
·
Origins
·
Catecholaminergies
·
Structure
to be related to
Norepinephrine
&
Thought norepinephrine
-
-exert their
of nerve impulses
in the brain
psychedelic
at
actions by altering the transmission
norepinephine & serotonin synapse HuN-cHz-aH-*
atamine aline -
~ OCH 3 OCH3
HeN-CH-CHe-TET HeN-CHe-CHe-EF-OCHs
HaN-CHCHITECT
AER
CHE &OCH3
HaNeoM-RXSetE
-MDA
~OC2H3
OCHs
(?) Elemicin
HzNMAORERROR
# - -
~OC2H3 ~ OCH3
HeN=CH-cHe-FEFtOCHz HeN=CH-CHz-YOCHs
OCHs Oct3
Mescaline
Origin
·
&
Peyote cactus (legalised as part of sacrament of Nature American church)
·
Effects. Pnarmacological
-
- elimination
half-life: an for MDMA, 25h for MBA
Lafter repeated
doses: MDMA causes 12th metabolic inhibition;
additional doses can cause
toxicity
Effects
· -
Neurotoxicity
& On 5-HT (serotonin) & Nt (horepinephrine) receptors
-Potent & selective serotonin neurotoxin, damaging serotonin transporter
&striatal serotonin depleted in chronic MDMA users
5 HT &S-HIAA. are severely depleted by 50-50% & occipital cortex;
DA levels unaffected
depression, anxiety, mental confusion
2
symptoms: teeth -
·
aka "ecstasy" "molly"
-toxicity death, hyperthermia, tachycardia, renal failure, disorientation, convulsions,
muscle breakdown
-
LCNS side effects: depersonalization, paranoia, anxiety, panic, suicidal ideation, disruption of
& reduced thirst
homeostasis inc.
hyperthermia satisfy
-but intense euphoria encourages use
heart rate loobpin
"tachy cardia: -
Synthetic amphetamines
derivatives
synthetic amphetamines
·
MOMAIN-demethylag eTXNHe
MDA
-
"Designer psychedelics
of MDMA
to
>
LMDA: metabolite
CYP2B6
Hallucinogens
Predominanttypesareserotonin
· in
Serotonin
-
Ho-EITH
CHe-CHc-N
2 Actions serotonin unclear:
receptors
on are
I
structurally similar to serotonin
psilocin
EISnotenNcM
DNT - -
DMT)
(4-hydroxy
ETH GcHc-NTs
OH
-
ERH CHn-cHc-NTc
H <isocybin
y1.0 MT
e(?)
#
-NTCIk-CH
BER
· Pharmacokinetics
↳Rapidly absorbed orally
2 1% gets to brain, distributed easily through body & placente
Only
Lusual dose 25-300mg; low dosage diff to detect in wine; lethal dose
14g
-
Long half-life
2
Metabolized in liver
·
Effects -
psychological
-
perceptual phase
-colored lights, distorted, vivid images
-unpleasant, panic experiences due to overwhelming visual/emotional effects
2 Adverse effects
2 flashbacks
(hallucinogen persisting perception disorders
<major long-term effect
-Rapid onset & loss of tolerance; cross-tolerance
-No physical withdrawal syndrome
DNT
·
Details
I
short-acting, binds to serotonin-2 receptors
I must be smoked/ sniffed, often in marijuana cigarettes
<metabolised by MAO of action
enzymes; may be bound to
signal receptors as possible mode
Lonset 2 min, effect for 30 min
-1 of the 2 main
ingredients of ayahuasca
Psilocybin & psilocin
·
Details
I well absorbed orally
many species of
-2 psychedelic agents found in mushrooms
L exert at serotonin 5-HTCA
agonist effect & 5-HTIA receptors
-1/200 as potent as ISD; lasts for 6-10 hours
hallucinations & sensory distortions like LSD's
I causes
NMDA
Glutminergic receptors antagonists
·
Details
i unrelated to other drugs
structurally
- First developed as surgical anesthetics
I canproduce bizarre &srs psychotic reactions, e.g. agitation, excitement, delirium,
disorientan,
hallucinagus, out-of body experiences
-e.g. PCP, Ketamine, dextromethrophan
Phencyclidine (PCP)
History
·
L
Briefly used as anesthetic
Labandoned due to psychiatric reactions
·
Mechanism
-Binds & blocks NMDA receptors on
glutamate neurons
Ketamine "Special K
"
Historyev,
·
in 1950s 160
2 used as veterinary
Primarily tranquilizer & anesthetic
Mainbenefit-safety; did not depress heart, breathing, by
-
Representative of "dissociative anesthetic" subject feels separated from sensory experience
-
Dextromethorphan CDXM)
·
Detailes
&Common
ingredient in -140 varieties of over-the-counter
cough suppressants
-Roboing, dexing, robo-tipping, robo-cobbing
-I heart rate &
b.p.
produces psychological/behaviorial activation, & other somatic effects
References
-
iT video: "Psychedelic Digs", by Paul Meniff