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1metallurgical Industrial Furnaces
1metallurgical Industrial Furnaces
Metallurgical furnaces which do not show colour, that is, in which the
temperature is below 650 deg C, are generally called ‘ovens’. However,
the dividing line between ovens and furnaces is not sharp. For example,
coke ovens operate at high temperatures (higher than 900 deg C). Many
of the furnaces are termed ovens, kilns, heaters, afterburners,
incinerators, or destructors. The furnace of a boiler is its ‘firebox’ or
‘combustion chamber’, or a fire-tube boiler’s ‘Morrison tube.’
Inclined rotary drum furnaces, kilns, incinerators, and dryers often use
long type luminous flames. If drying is involved, substantially more
excess air than normal can be justified to provide greater moisture
pickup ability.
Fluidized bed furnaces utilize intense gas convection heat transfer and
physical bombardment of solid heat receiver surfaces with millions of
rapidly vibrating hot solid particles. The furnaces are of several types
as given below.
• A refractory-lined container, with a fine grate bottom, filled with inert (normally refractory)
balls, pellets, or granules which are heated by POC from a combustion chamber below the
grate. Loads or boiler tubes are immersed in the fluidized bed above the grate for heat
• Similar to above, but the granules are fuel particles or sewage sludge to be incinerated. The
space below the grate is a pressurized air supply plenum. The fuel particles are ignited
above the grate and burn in fluidized suspension while physically bombarding the water
walls of the upper chamber and water tubes immersed in its fluidized bed.
• The fluidized bed is filled with cold granules of a coating material (e.g. polymer), and loads
to be coated are heated in a separate oven to a temperature above the melting point of the
granules. The hot loads are then dipped (by a conveyor) into the open-topped fluidized bed
for coating.