Chapter 3 Done

CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter contains method of research population, sample size, and sampling technique,
description of respondents, research instrument, data-gathering procedure, and the statistical treatment
of data used in the conduct of this study.
Methods of Research
A Descriptive-Quantitative Research Method is used in gathering the information needed in

this study. This method enabled the researchers to interpret the theoretical meaning of the findings and
hypothesis development for further studies. This is a research design used to collect and analyze the
data.
A descriptive-method identifies behavior and together with correlational method determines
whether a relationship or association exists between two or more variables and determines if one
variable affects the other. This type of method evaluates the relationship of the two factors and
allowed the researchers to gather information from the respondents without the respondents having
any difficulties in answering the required data for the researchers to have information regarding The
Effects of Modular Distance Learning in the Academic Achievement and Skills Performance of the
Senior High School of Salud Cagas Technical and Vocational High School.
This research aims to describe the level of modular distance of the respondents and to correlate
the relationship of modular distance to the academic achievement and skills performance of the
respondents.
Population, Sample Size and Sampling Technique
Selected senior high school students in Salud Cagas Technical and Vocational High School
during S.Y. 2020-2021 were utilized in this study. The researchers utilized the stratified sampling
method. Stratified Sampling Method is a method of sampling that involves the division of a population
into smaller groups known as strata (as in sections). In stratified random sampling, or stratification, the
strata are formed based on members shared attributes or characteristics.
The sample size was determined using Cochran’s Sample Size Formula which is follows:
2
z pq
n 0= 2
ⅇ
Where:
e is the desired level of precision (i.e. the margin of error
p is the (estimated) proportion which has the attribute in question
q is 1-p.
In this study, the researcher used 95% confidence, and at least 5 percent- plus or minus- precision. A
95% confidence level gives us z-value of 1.96.
( 1.96 )2 ( 0.5 )( 0.5 )

2
=20
( 0.05 )
So, a random sample of 20 respondents in our target populations should be enough to give us
the confidence levels we need.
Furthermore, Cochran’s (1997) introduced the modification for the Cochran’s formula for
sample size calculation in smaller populations which states that if population we are studying is small
(<50,000), w in the e can modify the sample size we calculated in the above formula by using this
equation.
ne
n=
( n 0−1 )
1+
N
Here no is Cochran’s sample size recommendation, N is the population size, and n is the new,
as they adjusted sample size. In this research, the population of Senior High School of Salud Cagas
Technical and Vocational High School is 5, we would calculate as follows:
20
n=
20−1
1+
+6
So, for this smaller population, all we need are 20 students-respondents in our sample; a
substantially smaller sample size.
Description of the Respondents
The respondents were the Senor High School of Salud Cagas Technical and Vocational High
School who are officially enrolled during the second semester of School Year 2020-2021. There are
two sections from Academic Achievement and Skills Performance of the respondents. The researchers
chose them as respondents as they have greater exposure and knowledge and in bringing out the best
responses for the questionnaire study and its implications.
Research Instrument
The researchers utilized adopted-modified questionnaires entitled Student Experience on a

Module Survey developed by Jonathan Wylie.
The adapted-modified questionnaire is divided into two main parts: The Skills Performance of
the students under the challenges with modular distance learning. It demonstrates about the
competencies, abilities and skills of the students. The second one is The Academic Achievement of
the students which talk about the process and practices where the learning strategy of the student
developed.
The original Modular Distance Inventory by Jonathan Wylie contained 3 different sub-
categories while the questionnaire used in this research only has two: Skills Performance and
Academic Achievement in order to focus on the variables presented in this research. Similar to what
Students Experience on a Module Survey, the researchers modified the Skills Performance and
Academic Achievement Inventory by changing the questions itself and making them suitable for the
present generation and the adapted to the respondents’ nature.
Items in in the Skills Performance part required the respondents to answer to the questions in 5
ways; Strongly Agree, Agree, Neither Agree or Disagree, Disagree and Strongly Disagree. The
equivalents of these are 5,4,3,2 and 1, respectively. Therefore, the higher the score on the scale, the
higher the skills performance of the students, while the lower score, the lower the skills performance.
For the Academic Achievement Inventory, the respondents will also answer the question in 5
ways; Strongly Agree, Agree, Neither Agree or Disagree, Disagree and Strongly Disagree. The
equivalent of these are 5,4,3,2 and 1, respectively. The respondents were expected to answer the
statements given as to how they think hey relate to the statement. Therefore, the higher the score on
the scale, the higher the academic achievement of the students while the lower the score, the lower the
academic achievement.
Data Gathering Procedure

The initial stage of the data gathering procedure pertains to the collection of information to
where the sample respondents drawn. The researcher for the approval of the Faculty of Salud Cagas
Technical and Vocational High School to get information out the number of target population of the
respondents.
After getting the total number of the Senior High School in Salud Cagas Technical and
Vocational High School the list of the students was requested through the faculty of Salud Cagas
Senior High School.
The last stage of data gathering activity involved the distribution of the questionnaire to the
respondents. In this stage, the researcher sought the permission of the teachers and the respondents
concerned to undertake the following activities: accessing information to the distribution of the
questionnaire followed by the distribution of the questionnaire.
After obtaining consent and permission, the researcher gave each participants a survey
questionnaire and explained to them carefully some important reminders and instructions on how to
accomplish the instrument. The researcher asked the participants to read the directions carefully and
fill out both the demographic and the main parts of the questionnaire to the best of their ability. After
all, the questions were completely answered, the retrieval of the questionnaire was supervised by the
researcher to ensure quality and accuracy of data gathered.
Statistical Treatment of Data
This study used the SPSS V.20 or the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences to ensure
accuracy and reliability of data analysis. This study used the following tools to analyze and treat the
data:
1. Frequency and Percentage
Frequency and percentage were used for the demographic profile of the respondents. The
sample percentage calculation was used to assign percentage to grouping of marks and responses,
particular to items requiring on the different responses. This is also used for assigning the number of
samples per strata.
∠
P= ×100 %
n
Where: n- number of class sample

f- frequency
p- percentage
2. Weighted Mean
Weighted mean was used for the describe the respondents of modular distance learning.
∑fw
The formula used for this statistical tool is as follows: Mw=
n
Where:
Mw- computed weighted mean
fw- product of frequency
n- total number of samples

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CHAPTER 3

A Descriptive-Quantitative Research Method is used in gathering the information needed in

Population, Sample Size and Sampling Technique

( 1.96 )2 ( 0.5 )( 0.5 )

Description of the Respondents

The researchers utilized adopted-modified questionnaires entitled Student Experience on a

Data Gathering Procedure

Statistical Treatment of Data

Where: n- number of class sample

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