English Alive Book 3 TG

Nelson Thornes Caribbean English
English Alive!
Teacher’s Guide
Book 3
Alan Etherton
Thelma Baker
Joyce Jonas
Judith Pereira
Text © Alan Etherton 2004
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Published in 2004 by:

Nelson Thornes Ltd
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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 978 1 4085 0253 2
Page make-up by Northern Phototypesetting Co. Ltd, Bolton
ii
3
English Alive! Teacher’s Guide: Book 3
Contents
Answers to English Alive! Book 3
Unit 1 Pirates of the Caribbean 3.1

Unit 2 Trinidad at War 3.3
Unit 3 Danger – Bears! 3.5
Unit 4 Tiger Gets an Education 3.0
Unit 5 A Foggy Night 3.10
Unit 6 The Corn Thief 3.16
Unit 7 Modelling 3.19
Unit 8 Medical Training? 3.21
Unit 9 Emigration 2.13
Unit 10 The Treeman 3.22
Unit 11 Sherlock Holmes 3.25
Unit 12 Gun Hill 3.27
Unit 13 The Best Sugar Boiler 3.29
Unit 14 Bite-Marks 3.31
Unit 15 Black Bart 3.33
Unit 16 Tantie’s Tooth 3.35
Scripts for the listening passages: Book 3 3.39
iii
EnglishEnglish Alive! 1,
Alive! Books Teacher’s Guide: Book
2, 3, 4 Teacher’s 3 : Book 3
Guide
Unit 1 Pirates of the Caribbean

1.3. 6. rowdy: making a noise and misbehaving
7. evolve: develop (from one stage to a different or

Understanding p2
more advanced one)
A 1. B 4. B 7. B 9. B 8. glared: stared angrily and in a hostile or
2. D 5. A 8. C 10. A threatening manner
3. C 6. D
9. hazard: danger, risk
B 1. Its purpose would be to attract people to
10. flaw: weakness, mistake
Disneyworld or Disneyland.
2. He starts to use short paragraphs from line 17 11. thoroughly: with great care
onwards to reflect the movement of his boat as 12. responsible: given the task of doing something,
it moves forward. expected or required to do something
3. He does this to make the reader identify with
the story and help the reader to imagine that
he is in the boat with the author. 1.8.
4. The euphemism is in the word ‘encourage’. Thinking skills p7
The pirates probably did bad things, such as
threatening to drown a landowner in a well, 1. We can use (c) or (d) only but it is fairer not to
and this is described as ‘encouraging’ the use either term because the woman may be
landowner to cooperate and confess. found not guilty.
English Alive! Teacher’s Guide © Alan Etherton, Nelson Thornes Ltd 2004
2. She can sue the owners of the newspapers which

1.4. used (a), (b) or (e).
3. The argument wrongly assumes that because
Vocabulary: meaning in context p4
two things are similar in one way, they are
A 1. C 3. D 5. B 7. A identical in all respects.
2. A 4. C 6. C 8. B
Exercise 4 p7
B 1. h 4. b 7. d 9. e
1. ‘Pirates’ should be ‘pilots’.
2. g 5. c 8. a 10. f
3. j 6. i 2. There is muddled thinking here. Perhaps the
nearest we can get to what the writer meant is
‘If leaders are successful in their work, we
1.5. should follow and support them.’
Expand your vocabulary 3. Change ‘indecent’ to ‘incident’.
Exercise 1 p5 4. Change ‘affection’ to ‘infection’.
1. gradually, slowly 7. immature, childish 5. Change ‘disuse’ (meaning ‘not using’) to

‘misuse’ (meaning ‘using wrongly’).
2. fierce, aggressive 8. unreliable, untrustworthy
6. What can we say? Perhaps we can say ‘Rain
3. safe 9. pleased, happy, delighted
supplies us with water’.
4. meanness 10. inessential, nonessential
7. Change the second sentence to become ‘Such
5. biased, unfair 11. slowly, lazily, casually books and articles should be written by authors
6. illiterate, 12. enthusiastic, keen who know their subject well’.
uneducated 8. In the first sentence, change ‘well known’ to
‘said’. Change the start of the second sentence
Exercise 2 p5
to ‘However, it does not follow that …’.
1. cultivated: used for growing crops
9. After ‘from’ insert ‘the music of ’. We cannot
2. predators: creatures which prey on other compare music with people.
creatures
10. Change ‘avoid’ to ‘make’ or change the second
3. priceless: worth more than money can buy, part of the sentence to ‘try to avoid making
extremely valuable mistakes’.
4. negligent: careless; failing to do one’s duty 11. Change ‘far apart’ to ‘great’ or change the whole
5. volunteer: offer (without being ordered) sentence to ‘The moon and Earth are very far
to do something apart’.
3.1
3.1
Guide
12. There is really no satisfactory way of correcting Exercise 9

this sentence. The second part is incorrect and 1. The water is too muddy for us to swim in.
there is no proof to support the first part.
2. The rent is too high for Miss Taylor to pay.
3. This problem is too difficult for you to solve by
1.9. yourself.
Grammar: 4. The table is too big and heavy for me to carry by
using the Simple Present tense (1) myself.
5. Some modern homes are too expensive for
Exercise 5 p8 ordinary people to (be able to) afford.
1. works 5. grow 9. knows, lives 6. The water in this part of the river is too deep for
2. seems 6. hopes 10. appears young children to swim in.
3. looks 7. looks 7. The experiment was too complicated for the
4. speaks 8. stay scientist to perform alone.
8. This report is too long for me to read all of it
Exercise 6
tonight.
1. Do 5. Does 9. does
2. Does 6. Do 10. do
1.12.
3. does 7. Does
Punctuation: using a full stop (revision)
4. does 8. do
Exercise 10 p11
1. to us. Without it,

1.10.
2. homework while
Grammar:
using the Simple Present tense (2) 3. goods, e.g. or goods. Examples include radios …
4. We waited patiently for half an hour. The sun set

Exercise 7 p9 and it grew dark, so we decided to go home.
1. is derived 7. are sometimes searched, 5. Fashions change: sleeveless dresses one year;
are suspected, jeans and T-shirts the next.
2. is exported are detained, is taken 6. Next I will consider the question of transport.
3. is grown 8. is found, is hanged, is 7. I remember my first visit to a big town. Our
avoided, are frightened village had no more than a hundred people in it
4. are mixed 9. is called, are taken, are not at that time, most of them working on the land.
expected 8. In Guyana, rivers are a very important means of
5. are degraded. 10. is named, are displayed, is transport. In some areas a river is the only
are sold surrounded highway for people because it is too expensive to
6. is searched, is done
build and maintain roads.
9. Some people are in favour of tourism and want
to expand it, whereas others do not wish to
1.11. encourage it.
Grammar: 10. Mr Buchanan decided not to buy a new car. He
using ‘too’ + an adjective + an infinitive did not want to get into debt. Anyway, he felt
sure that his old car was still reliable.
Exercise 8 p10
1. Donnaree is too young to apply for the job. 1.13.
2. Mrs Harris is too busy to come to the phone Spelling (revision)
now.
3. Those shoes are too small to fit Michelle. Exercise 11 p12
4. The stream is too wide for us to jump across. 1. ei 5. ei 9. ei 13. ei
5. This vase is too fragile to be sent by post. (or to 2. ei 6. ei 10. ie 14. ie

send) 3. ei 7. ei 11. ie 15. ei
6. Those crabs are too expensive for us to buy. 4. ei 8. ie 12. ie
3.2
3.2
Guide
Unit 2 Trinidad at War

2.3. Exercise 2 p19
1. made wider
Understanding p16
2. in a furtive manner; trying not to be noticed
A 1. B 3. A 5. C
3. put up; displayed; fastened for people to see
2. C 4. C
4. a waste of time; useless
B 1. Many of them joined the armed forces or were
working for the Americans to get more money. 5. influence or persuade to act as required
2. The government thought that there would be 6. quite clear; perfectly obvious
unemployment when work on the bases
7. holy
stopped, so it was necessary to create jobs for
unemployed people. 8. job; task
3. It was not possible to export sugar in the 9. prejudiced
normal way, so a surplus of sugar was created.
10. the number of copies sold
To deal with this surplus, the government
wanted people to eat more sugar. 11. made unfit or dangerous (to drink)
4. This means that there was control over either 12. without money or resources
the newspapers and/or documents of people
travelling to England from Trinidad so that
certain items would be suppressed.

2.7.
5. The people celebrated with parties. The
government gradually relaxed restrictions. Grammar: using the Simple Past tense (1)
6. The purpose of censorship was to prevent the
enemy from finding out anything which might Exercise 3 p20
help them. It was also used to keep bad news 1. It started in 1939.
from reaching the ordinary people because it 2. It finished in 1945.
might lower morale.
3. I was born in (year).
7. The criminal appeared in court in the same
year as the plane crashed, so the connection is 4. I first went to this school in (year)
simply one of time. 5. I went to bed at 11 p.m. last night.
6. This morning I got out of bed at 6.30 a.m.
2.4. 7. I left home at 7.15 this morning.
Vocabulary: meaning in context p17 8. I last went to a dentist in July.
A 1. B 3. C 5. C 7. B Exercise 4 p20
2. A 4. D 6. A 1. Did you walk 7. Did you do
B 1. g 4. a 7. c 9. d 2. Did it rain 8. did Norman Manley die
2. j 5. f 8. i 10. b
3. Did Germany win 9. did your brother pay
3. e 6. h
4. Did you watch 10. Did you lock
5. did you have 11. Did Uncle’s plane arrive

2.5.
6. did you have 12. Did you give
Expand your vocabulary
Exercise 1 p18
2.8.
1. poor 7. considerable
Grammar: using the right preposition
2. delighted, happy, pleased 8. impossible
3. rise, increase 9. temporary Exercise 5 p22

4. humility 10. modest, plain, 1. – 4. – 7. against 10. for
unattractive 2. – 5. – 8. for 11. on, from,
5. unknown, obscure 11. pacifist, peaceful about, to, of
6. Poverty 12. cowardice 3. –, into 6. – 9. to, in, at 12. between, in
3.3
3.3
Guide
2.9. 2.12.
Grammar: using the Simple Past tense (2) Study skills: reference sources p25
Exercise 6 p23 1. A dictionary gives the meanings of words. It may
also include other information such as the
1. was 4. was, were, was
pronunciation and derivation of words, their
2. were, was, were 5. were, was, were part of speech, whether verbs are transitive or
3. was, was, were, was 6. was, were, were, was not, examples of usage, and compounds formed
from the word. Some dictionaries include
Exercise 7
separate lists of abbreviations.
Line 2: was started Line 6: was saved
2. A thesaurus contains synonyms and antonyms
Line 3: was used Line 7: was dismissed, was of words.
alleged
3. An almanac may be a calendar for the coming
Line 4: was brought Line 8: was interviewed, year and/or a reference book containing
were made information about sporting events, countries,
Line 5: was caused, were etc.
evacuated 4. A catalogue is usually a list of items for sale,
with information about them and their prices.
2.11. 5. A cookery book contains recipes and

(sometimes) information about different ways of
Study skills: the parts of a book p24 cooking different kinds of food.
1. A dust jacket is a loose cover which protects 6. An itinerary is a list showing when, where and
(and often advertises) a book. There is often an how somebody will travel. It gives the times,
illustration on the front and perhaps on the back dates and destinations in time order from the
as well. There is sometimes a ‘blurb’ on the start of a trip to the end.
inside or back of the dust jacket, extolling the 7. A brochure is any list of two or more pages
good points of the book. promoting goods or services and trying to
2. This list is near the beginning of the book and persuade readers to become customers.
gives the titles of chapters (and sometimes of 8. An atlas contains maps with information about
sections of each chapter). countries and places in a country or in two or
3. We can find a glossary at or near the end of the more countries. It often gives information about
book. It usually consists of a list of terms used the physical features of places, the main means
in the book, together with an explanation of of transport, the main cities and towns, etc.
them. 9. A schedule to a law gives information about
4. The spine of a book is the centre section which something mentioned in the law or affected by
links the front and rear covers and to which all it.
the pages are fastened in some way. 10. An anthology is a collection, usually of poems.
5. We can see a preface (also known as a ‘foreword’ 11. An owner’s manual contains information about
or ‘introduction’ in some books) near the an object such as a car and instructions on how
front of the book. It usually explains the to use and maintain the object.
purpose of the book but it may also contain a
12. A telephone directory contains an alphabetical
note of thanks to people who helped the
list of people and their telephone numbers. It
author(s).
often contains information about how to use
6. An index is an alphabetical list of items in a special services.
book. It shows the numbers of the pages on
which the item is mentioned. It is found at the
end of a book. 2.13.
7. An appendix is an additional (separate) section Enjoying poetry
at the end of a book.
8. A foreword is a preface, as in (5) above.
Questions on Kipling’s ‘If’ p26
1. The expression means ‘keep control of yourself
9. A ‘blurb’ is a description (usually on the rear of
and do not panic or act too hastily’.
the dust jacket) which seeks to promote the
book and give a potential reader a reason for 2. They are called impostors because they are
buying the book. relative terms which refer to a temporary
3.4
3.4
situation. A triumph may be short-lived and 2.14.

become something mediocre or even bad. A
disaster may be overcome eventually and be Writing: making a summary
forgotten or cast aside. We should not be too
Exercise 8 p30
trusting of something which appears to be a
triumph, and we should not be downcast by 1. Any eight of these causes:
what seems – at the time – to be a disaster. lack of care bad weather/visibility
excessive speed arrogant drivers
3. No, not really. They are meant to encourage
dangerous driving very young
people to take (wise) risks. In any case, the
drunk drivers very old
game of ‘pitch-and-toss’ (although used
poor mechanical condition
figuratively here) does not refer to betting on
horses. 2. We are given 14 words and told to include them
in our total. Therefore we have to provide
4. He means that time moves on, so we must make
another 36–86 words and include eight points.
the best use of it. A minute is unforgiving in the
That means that we can use only 4–10 words for
sense that we cannot slow it down or change it if
each point.
we have wasted a minute or done something
wrong in it.
Questions on The Listeners p27 Draft summary
1. He uses ‘champed on the grass’ and ‘cropping Sgt Warren spoke to Marcia about the causes of
the dark turf ’. traffic accidents. He said that carelessness – by
motorists and pedestrians – was the most frequent
2. Examples of alliteration are: cause. Excessive speed and dangerous drivers also
line 4 “forest’s ferny floor” and 2 lines from caused many accidents. Drunk drivers harmed
the end: “silence surged softly” themselves and innocent victims. He agreed that bad
3. Perhaps ‘grey eyes’ have a sense of mystery weather and poor visibility sometimes caused
which brown and blue eyes do not have. accidents but said that arrogant drivers were more of
4. They were perhaps the spirits of the people a menace. (Stop and count. We have used 61 words so far.
who formerly lived in the house. We can relax and use up to another 39 words.)
5. The sound was made by the metal shoes on He also pointed out that very young and very old
the feet of the horse. people were often involved in traffic accidents and
should not be on busy roads. (Total number of words:
86)
Note: If there is time in an examination, we can go
through the draft summary and add a few words to
increase the accuracy and/or fluency of the summary.
Unit 3 Danger – Bears

3.3. the children were trying to find a way into the
house, they were in great danger of being
Understanding p32 caught by the bear. The adjective ‘frantic’
(meaning ‘frenzied’ or ‘in desperation’) applies
A 1. C 3. D 5. B
to the children although it is used to describe
2. A 4. C ‘moments’.
4. Perhaps he said, ‘We have an emergency at the
B 1. The ‘nasty’ element was the fact that they
Rosenberg home at the southern end of West
were in danger of being killed by a bear. Mark Lake. A bear has trapped a woman and
or They were in danger of being killed by a bear. her two small children in their home and is
2. This means that they could not swim as fast as trying to get in. The only way we can get there
the bear could. is in my launch. Can I pick you up at the police
3. The moments are called ‘frantic’ because while post in the next few minutes?’
3.5
Guide
5. We know that the men arrived 40 minutes 3.6.

later, and that it took them 10 minutes to
get into the launch. This tells us that they Vocabulary: the formation of nouns
were in the launch for about 30 minutes.
Exercise 1 p34
They travelled 5 miles (line 36) in 30
minutes, so the launch was travelling at 1. leakage, wreckage, postage, marriage, package,
about 10 mph. wastage, passage
2. dismissal, refusal, approval, denial, proposal,
removal
3.4.
3. accountant, dependant, descendant, inhabitant,
Vocabulary: meaning in context p33 attendant, informant
A 1. C 3. B 5. B 7. A 4. accessibility, solubility, responsibility, ability,
2. D 4. A 6. A 8. B capability
B 1. j 4. g 7. b 9. a
5. insurance, interference, attendance, alliance,
2. i 5. f 8. d 10. e
reference, defiance
3. h 6. c
6. agency, efficiency, tenancy, democracy,
dependency, redundancy
3.5.
7. officialdom, boredom, freedom, martyrdom
Speaking: asking for help p34 8. development, entitlement, refreshment,
A suggested conversation: advertisement, acknowledgement
Exercise 2 p35
Mrs Rosenberg: Hello. Is that Mark?

Forest Ranger: No, he’s off today. This is Paul 1. employee, absentee, licensee, refugee, payee,
Wilson. Can I help you? referee
Mrs Rosenberg: Oh, yes, please, Paul. This is Sue 2. swimmer, liar, burglar, inspector, investor,
Rosenberg … conqueror
Forest Ranger: Oh, hi, Sue! 3. machinery, slavery, bribery, nursery, robbery,
discovery
Mrs Rosenberg: We need help urgently. My
husband is in Newton. The two 4. lioness, hostess, stewardess, princess, goddess,
children and I are trapped in the usefulness, calmness
house. A huge black bear chased 5. neighbourhood, manhood, falsehood, priesthood
the children into the house. Now
6. vegetarian, librarian, electrician, historian,
it’s prowling around outside,
mathematician
trying to find a way in. I’m scared
that it may try to break in, and we 7. cowardice, service, advice, prejudice
have no weapons here. Can you 8. beginning, covering, offering, filling, warning,
come over and shoot it or scare it travelling, quarrelling
away?
9. competition, combination, desperation,
Forest Ranger: OK. I’m on my way. You’re at the acceleration, abbreviation
south end of West Mark Lake,
aren’t you?
3.7.
Mrs Rosenberg: That’s right.
Forest Ranger: OK. I’ll pick up John Wright from Vocabulary: figurative language –
the police post. We should be metaphors (revision)
there in about 40–45 minutes. Exercise 3 p35
Bye.
1. fountain
Mrs Rosenberg: Oh, thank you. Bye.
2. washed his hands of
3. turn over a new leaf, start with a clean slate
4. turned the tables on, combing the forest
5. raced furiously
6. banging your head against a brick wall
7. on the rocks now, really in the soup
3.6
3.6
Guide
8. flared up angrily, drop her plan, living in the 3.8.

clouds, get down to earth
Grammar: using the Present Continuous
Exercise 4 p36 tense (revision)
Some suggested sentences:
Exercise 6 p37
1. At a party, it is good to break the ice and get to
1. is, is 4. is 7. am 9. is
know everybody.
2. is 5. are 8. are 10. are
2. At the first signs of smoke and flames, one of 3. are 6. are
the guests lost his head and ran screaming out
of the door. Exercise 7
1. Am 4. Is 7. Is 9. Is
3. The new proprietor of the newspaper has 2. Are 5. Are 8. Am 10. Are
decided to give the editor a free hand in deciding 3. Is 6. Is
what the policy of the paper will be towards
politicians. Exercise 8 p38
1. is being searched 6. is being repaired
4. However, the most powerful advertisers soon
2. is being opened 7. is being transferred
made it clear that they expected the paper to toe
3. is being repaired 8. is being serviced
the line by supporting the party in power.
4. is being pulled 9. is being bathed
5. When goods are in short supply, consumers have 5. is being delivered 10. are being replaced
to pay through the nose to get what they want.
6. Mr X weighs 130 lb. His wife weighs 220 lb and
is 6 inches taller, so it is not surprising that he is
3.9.
very much under her thumb. Grammar:

Exercise 5 construction shift (re-expression)
Some suggested sentences: Exercise 9 p39
1. We suspect that drugs and money are at the root 1. She likes tea more than coffee. (rather than)
of the problem in Spanish Town.
2. I prefer not to discuss the accident.
2. Soldiers combed part of the forest in their search
3. Michelle prefers watching television more than
for Maroons.
going to the cinema. (rather than) Michelle
3. The majority of the workers were boiling with prefers to watch television rather than go to the
anger when they heard that their wages were cinema.
going to be cut by 25%.
4. Tony felt confident that we would win. (felt
4. The new manager is a real cat: crafty, sneaky and sure)
cruel. Be careful what you say to her.
5. Leela made her dress longer.
5. Don’t be a dog in a manger. You don’t need to
6. It’s time for me to go home now. (It’s time I
use the computer now, so let Tanya use it.
went home now.)
6. If the police start to dig into Errol’s past, they
7. It’s time for the film to start. (It’s time the film
may be surprised at what they’ll find.
started.)
7. Don’t trust him! He’s a real snake and
8. You ought to go to bed now.
completely untrustworthy.
9. Uncle went home without saying goodbye to
8. Our house has been up for sale for two months
me.
and we haven’t had a single bite so far.
10. I spent ten minutes discussing your proposal
9. The loss of a valuable government contract hit
with him.
our company badly, so we had to let 50
employees go. 11. You have omitted a letter from this word.
10. We live right in the heart of the city, so it is a 12. We agreed to play despite the rain.
pretty noisy district. 13. He drove too fast to stop in time.
14. The camera was too expensive for me to buy.

15. There were so many CDs that Trevor did not
know which one to buy.
3.7
3.7
Guide
3.10. 3.13.
Grammar: using ‘whose’ Writing a news report p44
Exercise 10 p40 The task on page 44 is a realistic one but it is
different from the type of summary exercise found in
1. I feel sorry for the family whose house was
the CSEC examination. Students should realise that
flooded.
it is different from the normal type found in
2. What happened to the fishermen whose boat examinations.
sank during the storm?
News services (papers, the radio, television) receive
3. What’s the name of the people whose dog tried
news reports from agencies all the time. A
to bite you?
newspaper may need to:
4. We used a stretcher to carry off the player whose
make a summary of an agency report
left leg was injured.
select one or more aspect of an agency report
5. A police officer spoke to the woman whose car
was stolen during the night. perhaps embroider an agency report and add
material from other sources such as the internet,
6. What happened to the cat whose leg was hurt?
its own archives, etc.
7. We have a neighbour whose daughter hopes to
In most cases, the way in which it handles an agency
become a pop star.
report (such as that in 3.12) will depend upon how
8. Sometimes I have lunch with a friend whose much space (in a newspaper) or time (on the radio
home is very near our school. or on television) is available.
9. The police are looking for the driver whose car is The agency report contains 500–550 words which we
blocking the road. have to reduce to 100–150 words. We can use as

10. Several people helped the old woman whose much of the original as we like.
house was badly damaged during the night.
Example report
3.11. A young couple found a large bear caught in a trap in
Canada’s Jasper National Park. They alerted park
Grammar:
rangers who managed to free the bear.
using ‘then’, ‘therefore’ and ‘thus’
Wayne Roberts, 24, and his girlfriend, Tanya
Exercise 11 p41 Johnson, 21, were walking through the forest in the
1. lazy. Therefore 7. form. Then park when they heard a strange noise in the
2. taxi. Then 8. money. Then undergrowth. They found a large bear caught by its
3. six. Then 9. pen. Therefore rear left leg in an illegal wire trap.
4. morning. Then 10. equal. Therefore
‘We were shocked,’ Tanya explained. ‘I used my
5. Guyana. Therefore 11. water. Thus
mobile phone to contact the nearest ranger post.’
6. Durai. Therefore 12. court. Thus
(Stop and count. We have used 84 words and have to
In each case, we could insert ‘and’ after the comma include the freeing of the bear and intensified patrols.
instead of starting a new sentence. Continuing the draft answer:)
Tanya led armed rangers to the trapped bear. They
Exercise 12 p43
tranquillised it, dressed its wound and freed the bear
1. a) Conservationists are people who wish to
from the trap.
protect their natural suroundings.
b) looking back at past events (with a view to Rangers are now searching for whoever set the illegal
deciding what should have been done). trap.
2. l. e 3. i 5. j 7. c 9. a (Final length: about 115 words. We could add another 30
2. h 4. g 6. b 8. f 10. d words or, since life is short, use the draft answer as the final
answer.)
3.8
3.8
Guide
Unit 4 Tiger Gets an Education

4.3. food or water or because of fighting between
rival tribes.
Understanding p46
8. The train went very quickly, so I did not have a
A 1. B 3. B 5. C chance to see very much.
2. A 4. C or The train went so quickly that I did not have a
B 1. He is tolerant of Tiger, sympathetic towards chance to see very much.
him and indulgent. He makes fun of him but 9. We liked the play for a variety of reasons: first,
in a gentle non-spiteful way. because the acting was very good.
2. The expression helps us to visualise the scene
or The first reason why we liked the play was
more vividly and to get a better idea of Tiger’s
because the acting was very good.
character.
3. Tiger patronises his wife and, in a good- 10. A man sat in front of Dionne on the bus. He was
natured way, treats her as an inferior. smoking a pipe and this made Dionne cough.
4. He told his wife that she should learn to 11. Once I was on a crowded bus. When the bus
express herself well, as he did. He added that arrived at a stop, a woman about fifty years old
an education was necessary to prevent people got on the bus.
from taking advantage of him.
12. Make sure you return the book by Saturday;
5. a) except – not counting or including
otherwise there will be trouble and you will
b) memorised – learnt by heart

probably have to pay a fine.
c) ignored – took no account of
d) vertical – at an angle of 90 degrees to a
horizontal surface
e) modified – changed in some ways 4.5.
f) terminal – end Study skills: using a dictionary p48
1. C 3. B 5. A 7. C
4.4. 2. C 4. C 6. D 8. D
Punctuation: using the full stop

Exercise 1 p47 4.6.
Alternative answers are possible. Vocabulary: dialect and standard English
1. The road was very busy, with people walking Exercise 2 p50
about like ants. (The comma is not essential.)
1. Didn’t you say that it is what they use to survey
2. Derrick could not solve the problem because it the land?
was very difficult and involved a knowledge of
algebra which was beyond him. or Haven’t you said it’s what they use to survey
land with?
3. There have been many changes in fishing
2. Oh! So that’s what it is!
methods during recent years except, of course,
for the traditional use of the fishing-rod. 3. So you see it’s an important thing (that/which) I
4. One type of food that contains an extract of fish have to carry!

is margarine, which contains oil. 4. But isn’t that the same as I said, Tiger?
5. Joseph walked all the way home last night 5. Every day people pass by selling fish.
although it was raining very hard and he had to 6. I knew I’d catch you! (I knew I would catch
go at least five miles. you!) You’re really wrong this time.
6. Outside the temple we saw many interesting 7. It’s getting me confused.
sights: people busily taking photos of each other;
8. I don’t understand what you mean at all. (What
men trying to sell cooked food; women with all
do you mean?)
sorts of things for sale; and many families
coming and going in their best clothes. 9. If you had said that all the time, you would have
been smoking already!
7. In the past six months, thousands of people
have died in East Africa, either because of lack of 10. Too much confusion is arising between us.
3.9
3.9
Guide
4.7. 7. you’re 9. he’s 11. she’ll

8. o’clock 10. I’ve 12. it’s
Grammar:
using the Past Continuous tense Exercise 6 p53
1. – 6. Owen’s, children’s
Exercise 3 p51
2. Roy’s, Delroy’s 7. friend’s
1. were 4. were 7. were 9. were
3. Boys’ 8. –
2. were 5. was 8. was 10. was
4. Elaine’s 9. sister’s
3. was 6. was
5. girls’ 10. days’
Exercise 4
1. were being inspected
2. was being counted 4.9.

3. was being searched Enjoying poetry
4. was being followed
Questions on ‘A Tale of Two Tongues’ p54
5. was being transferred, was being cleared
1. It probably refers to short prayers which many
6. was being redecorated, was being renewed
people say before or after a meal.
7. was being taken
2. The Ten Commandments were engraved on
8. was being diverted tablets of stone.
9. was being pulled 3. The word is ‘his’ (referring to God).
10. was being harvested 4. ‘Tongue’ seems more appropriate for people at
markets and in the fields. Another possible
reason is that the poet wanted a word starting
4.8. with ‘l’ to come before ‘labrish’ and he did not
Punctuation: using an apostrophe want to repeat ‘tongue’.
5. ‘Mortals’ comes as a type of contrast with the
Exercise 5 p52
religious tone and figure of the preceding lines.
1. didn’t 3. we’ve 5. can’t
6. He seems to be sympathetic towards Miss Ida
2. he’d 4. won’t 6. they’ve and her use of two languages.
Unit 5 A Foggy Night

Exercise 1 p57 Exercise 2
The instructions are deliberately vague. We could 1. One night a ghostly figure appeared and warned
work out one type of plot for a novel but a very the dreamer not to travel on a certain bus, plane
different type for a short story. Similarly, the type of or ship. Subsequently the bus, plane or ship was
plot used by a professional writer (in a story of 5000 involved in an accident in which all the people
words) would be quite different from the type which on it were killed. The writer believed in ghosts
students can use when writing 400–450 words in an after that.
examination. If we concentrate on examination 2. He reported the attempted bribe to the
conditions, we might be able to use these plots: authorities and helped them to set up a trap in
1. She forms a group of female singers who become which the person who offered the bribe was
very successful. caught. He then emigrated very quickly!
2. His attitude and work may improve 3. He/She had intended to run away but had met
considerably. an older relative or friend who persuaded
3. The car may run away and crash into a shop or a him/her not to go. He/She returned home and
lorry. pretended to have temporarily lost his/her
memory.
3.10
3.10
Guide
Exercise 3 p58 4. The expression means ‘all types of daring acts’.
A suitable answer for Topic 2 might be: 5. He probably guessed or knew that the fog would
I sat in my mother’s car and watched an old man make it difficult for him to find his car and drive
shuffle painfully along the pavement towards the away safely.
store. His white T-shirt was faded and torn; his 6. We can use ‘nearby’ instead of ‘in the vicinity’.
trousers had long ago lost any semblance of a crease. 7. The sailor could be trying to make more noise
His black shoes were torn and pressed almost flat. than Walker could make.
His face was deeply etched by lines of suffering and
8. ‘That’ refers to the noise made by the horn on
his body was bent almost double. As he passed, he
Walker’s car.
mumbled ‘Good morning’ to me.
9. He knew that an experienced pilot would not
Notice the detail of the clothes and the way the
bring a ship into the harbour at night if there
person moves. Encourage students to include this
was dense fog or mist, so he suspected that the
sort of detail in whichever topic they choose.
ship’s officers were navigating the ship without
the help of a pilot.
5.4. 10. Perhaps the thought was that in some way he
was responsible for what had happened and
Writing: starting a story might be liable to pay for the damage, so he
Exercise 5 p60 wanted to check his insurance policy and see if
the insurance company was liable to pay.
Other possible ways of starting the story include:
• with a statement
5.6.
Not long ago, a ship ran ashore when its captain

mistook a car horn for a fog-warning siren. … or Vocabulary: meaning in context p61
Fog often causes accidents in busy harbours.
1. g 4. i 7. c 9. e
This was certainly the case last October
2. h 5. j 8. d 10. f
when the m.v. Cardonia entered a Caribbean
3. a 6. b
harbour, …
• with action
The captain of the m.v. Cardonia peered through 5.7.
the fog and listened intently. … or Discussion p62
Jason Walker got in his car and prepared to drive
away. He leant forward to peer through the mist. 1. It is an agreement (usually renewed annually)
As he did so, he pressed the horn on his car between an insurance company and a customer.
accidentally. … In return for a payment by a customer, the
• with dialogue insurance company agrees to reimburse the
‘This fog is a real nuisance!’ Captain Carlson customer if certain things happen, e.g. if
said to one of his officers. He was trying to guide somebody’s car is stolen or his home burns
his ship, the m.v. Cardonia, into a Caribbean down.
harbour. … or A policy can be renewed annually or it may last
‘Now where did I put that insurance policy?’ for a short period such a day or a week. Tourists
Jason Walker said to his wife. ‘There’s often take out travel insurance for a week or
something in it I want to check …’ two. This can cover the cost of medical
treatment outside their own country.
2. An insurance premium is the amount of money
5.5. which a customer pays to an insurance company
Understanding p61 in order to get insurance. The premium may be
paid annually or more frequently. In some cases,
1. Perhaps she said, ‘No, thanks – not on a murky the premium may be paid once only, e.g. if the
night like this one. I’d much rather stay at home organisers of an outdoor show want to insure
and watch “Doctors” on TV. You go but drive against rain on the day of their event.
slowly in this fog.’
3. This is necessary to make sure that the victims
2. They might scratch it, break windows and cut of traffic accidents can claim compensation for
the tyres. injuries, etc. It is an offence to drive a car
3. It tells us that he was very fond or proud of his without adequate insurance against third party
car. claims.
3.11
3.11
Guide
4. He or she investigates to find out whether a 5.9.

claim is genuine or fraudulent.
Expand your vocabulary
5. a) Yes, he has attempted to defraud the
insurance company. Exercise 8 p63
b) No. It does not have to pay anything.
1. rash, foolhardy, risky
c) It has two main courses of action:
(i) It can send somebody to investigate the 2. allies, supporters, friends
claim. 3. sophisticated, informed, smart, clever
(ii) It can decline to pay the claim. This will
4. compulsory, obligatory
force the claimant to take legal action to
enforce the insurance policy. A fraudster 5. attractive, pleasant
may be unwilling to do this. 6. attract
7. familiar, normal, traditional
8. restricted, small, tiny

5.8. 9. superior
Writing: using paragraphs 10. praised, acclaimed
Exercise 6 p63 Exercise 9

The writer starts new paragraphs as follows: 1. living in water
line 3: a change of time and place 2. causing dispute or argument
line 8: a change of time; Walker has been to the 3. give off, produce
cinema and is now about to go home. 4. well known as a bad person

line 15: a new stage in the action 5. signs, indications
line 18: using direct speech 6. force out, remove, expel
line 20: using direct speech 7. annoying thing
line 21: after direct speech 8. to indicate direction
line 25: a change from action to reflection on the 9. able to make goods more economically
action
10. remote, sheltered, isolated
line 33: a change away from reflection and a return
11. a mixture of fear and respect
to the action
12. deeply disturbed, shocked
line 35: thoughts set out as direct speech
line 37: after direct speech and a step forward in the
action 5.10.
line 41: an explanation of something already Writing: completing a report p64
mentioned, i.e. the policy
Mr Walker’s explanation could be:
line 44: a big change in time and place.
I was just preparing to drive away from the docks
Exercise 7 when I heard what sounded like the horn of a ship in
New paragraphs start in 3.2 for these reasons: the harbour. I can’t be sure where the noise came
from. It may have been the horn of a car. Anyway,
line 4: the start of the action after an introductory
suddenly the prow of a ship loomed up out of the
paragraph
mist and hit the quay.
line 9: a sudden change in the action – from a
general statement to a specific incident
line 17: a step forward in the action
5.11.
line 20: direct speech is used Vocabulary: figurative language p65
line 21: following direct speech 1. cast-iron:
line 27: direct speech is used a) a type of metal
b) apparently unbreakable and very strong
line 28: following direct speech.
2. brush up:
line 33: a change of place and person
a) make clean or smooth with a brush
line 35: after direct speech. b) revise
3.12
3.12
Guide
3. hot water: 12. a red herring:

a) water which has been heated a) a red fish
b) trouble b) something meant to trick or deceive you
skipped:
a) move legs as if skipping
b) avoided doing 5.12.
4. wave: Listening: understanding a map p65
a) a movement of water
The material for section B, questions 1–12 for
b) movement by passing quickly from one
reading to the class can be found in Scripts for the
person to another
listening passages: Book 3, on page 3.39 of this guide.
swept: In each group one or more students can ask the
a) cleaned with a brush or broom questions.
b) moved swiftly and included many people
A 1. It is east of the book shop. It is north of the
5. burning: coffee shop.
a) on fire with flames and smoke 2. The market is north-east of the bank.
b) hotly contested or argued about 3. The kindergarten and library are south of the
6. path: park (in New Moon Road).
a) a way on the ground along which people can 4. She will get the sun in the morning (because it
walk rises in the east).
b) method of achieving an aim 5. It is about 65 metres from Rose Building to
Azalea Building.
7. sweet:
6. Its area is about 450 square metres.
a) tasting like sugar

b) good-natured, nice B 1. D 3. A 5. C
2. D 4. C 6. B
sharp:
a) able to cut well Questions B7–10: Students need to follow the
b) wounding, bitter, critical, sarcastic directions and answer the questions. Answers are as
follows:
cut you up:
a) injure you physically 7. He wanted to have his hair cut.
b) criticise, blame or scold you a lot 8. 24 City Road.
8. axe: 9. From Palm Building
a) cut down with an axe
10. At the bus station.
b) dismiss
Questions B11 and B12: Students should listen to
slash:
the situations as they are read out and give the
a) cut down with a knife
necessary directions.
b) drastically reduce
9. finger:
a) one of those knobbly little things that grows 5.13.
at the end of your hand Think, discuss, decide p67
b) direction, sign, indicator
There is no ‘perfect’ answer, so almost any sensible
10. a bottle-neck:
decision will be acceptable here. Walker will probably
a) the neck of a bottle
omit some details of blowing his horn, so it is
b) a narrow or constricted area which is not
possible that the arbitrator will decide (a) that
wide enough for the traffic which needs to
Walker does not have to pay anything, and that (b)
use the road
his insurance company is not liable either because
11. get cold feet: there is no proof that Walker’s car was responsible
a) find that the temperature of your feet falls for the accident to the ship. In view of the fact that
b) be afraid or nervous the ship came in at night, in dense fog and without a
pilot, the ship’s owners are solely responsible for
repairs to the ship and quay.
3.13
3.13
Guide
Unit 6 The Corn Thief

6.4. B 1. g 4. a 7. d 9. b
2. j 5. c 8. f 10. h
Understanding p71 3. e 6. i
1. It means ‘type of work’ and refers to growing

corn. 6.6.
2. Two expressions which justify the use of Vocabulary: idioms
‘dedicated’ are:
a) ‘After every crop, he manured and forked up Exercise 1 p72
every inch of this field.’ 1. d 4. b 7. l 10. c
2. k 5. g 8. a 11. j
b) ‘He could not have loved his own children as
3. e 6. f 9. i 12. h
he loved this corn.’
Exercise 2 p73
We could also include:
1. pay for
c) ‘he put the very best seeds in’
2. did not want to take part in; were not brave
d) ‘and grew up like his own children’.
enough to (come out and fight)
3. The expression is a metaphor. The expression
3. carry on working and trying to succeed
means that he bitterly resented the corn thief
and was pained by his existence and theft. The 4. keep your mouth shut: not say anything to
author uses the metaphor to show the depth or anybody; keep your nose clean: stay out of
intensity of feeling which the watchman had trouble, especially criminal acts
when he thought about the corn thief. 5. big benefit; vitalising act
4. To some extent this love will justify the violent 6. Hope for good luck. Hope that she will succeed.
action which the watchman will take later in the
7. survive financially but only just
story. The emphasis on love of the corn prevents
the story from being simply a clash between a 8. Listen (and be aware of what is happening
thief and his victim. It presents the story as a around you)
clash between two highly determined men: one
stealing to save his life, and the other protecting 6.7.
things which are as dear to him as members of
his own family. Study skills: using a thesaurus
5. He makes the reader sympathetic by mentioning Exercise 3 p75
the man’s hard times and his asthma, and by
1. slight 6. cold
stressing that only a few ears were stolen from a
vast plantation. He does this to show that the 2. spicy; tasteless 7. pointless
thief was not a basically bad man but a person 3. helpful 8. great/marked
who stole out of necessity. Thus his death, when
4. skinny 9. important
it comes, will be tragic.
5. unimportant/small 10. small/insignificant
6. The little stick had a big knot on the end, so he
was carrying a weapon which he could use
against the corn thief. The thought of the 6.8.
weapon consoled or comforted him.
Grammar:
7. He worked hastily because he did not want to be agreement of subject and verb (revision)
seen or caught by the watchman.
8. We could use ‘reputation’ instead of ‘name’. Exercise 4 p75
1. a) is; b) are 7. a) are; b) is
2. a) is; b) are 8. a) is; b) are

6.5. 3. a) are; b) is 9. a) are; b) is
Vocabulary: meaning in context p71 4. a) is; b) are 10. a) is; b) are
A 1. B 3. A 5. B 7. B 5. a) are; b) is 11. a) are, are; b) is

2. C 4. C 6. C 8. A 6. a) are; b) is 12. a) is; b) are
3.14
3.14
Guide
6.9. 2. My cousin pointed at the plane which was just

taking off.
Grammar: relative pronouns (1)
3. We went to look at a boat which had been blown
Exercise 5 p76 right up on the shore.
1. Do you know the player who is going to take the 4. We hope to catch the ferry which leaves at seven
penalty? thirty.
2. What happened to the man who was accused of 5. Jordan shut the door which was banging to and
being an illegal immigrant? fro.
3. What’s the name of the teacher who teaches 6. You should tighten the nut which keeps this bolt
Maths in Form 5? in place.
4. We must find somebody who can speak French 7. Who has the key which fits this lock?
well. 8. What has happened to the donkey which used to
5. Where are the men who were repairing that wall wander around at the back of Mr Patel’s house?
a few minutes ago? 9. Father is going to cut down two old trees which
6. Do you know the names of the two batsmen block our view of the sea.
who scored a century each? 10. How can we get rid of the rats which run around
7. You should speak to the girls who are arranging under our house?
the concert. 11. The road which leads to Castries is blocked by
8. Mother is very friendly with the lady who lives fallen trees as a result of the storm.
next door to us. 12. Cruise ships which bring thousands of tourists
Exercise 6 p77 here every month are an important part of the

local economy. (Commas are possible after ‘ships’
1. The police officer who arrested two robbers was
and ‘month’.)
praised for his bravery.
2. The player who was carried off the field is much
better now. 6.11.
3. Sandra says that the woman who made her new Grammar:
dress is her aunt. ‘there is’ and ‘there are’ (revision)
4. The Customs officers who work at the airport
have to be very shrewd. Exercise 8 p79
5. The witness who saw the accident has made a 1. a) There are g) There is
statement to the police. b) There is h) There is, there is
c) There is i) there are
6. Some of the passengers who were on the port
d) There is j) There is
side of the ship saw two huge whales.
e) there are, there are k) there are
7. Most of the spectators who arrived at the final f) there is l) there are
without tickets managed to get one eventually.
2. a) Is there g) Is there
8. The nurses who work at our hospital are very b) Is there h) Is there
experienced. c) Is there i) Are there
9. Both of the fishermen who were stranded on a d) Are there j) Is there
tiny island near Tobago have been rescued. e) Are there k) are there
f) Are there l) is there
10. All the farmers who took part in a demonstration
this morning have gone home already.
6.12.
6.10 . Grammar:
Grammar: relative pronouns (2) ‘there was’ and ‘there were’ (revision)
Exercise 7 p78 Exercise 9 p80

1. There was 6. there was
In each case, we can use ‘that’ instead of 2. Were there 7. there were
‘which’. 3. there was 8. there was, There were
1. Miss Smith asked me about the book which was 4. there were 9. were there
missing from the library. 5. Was there 10. there was
3.15
3.15
Guide
6.13. 4. He is appreciative of it and welcomes it.

5. Encourage students to give you some honest
Punctuation: using capital letters
opinions. They may find some lines difficult, but
and full stops (revision)
try to avoid this putting them off the poem.
Exercise 10 p81 Focus on some words in a challenging line, e.g.
in line 10, think about auditions and what
1. This year Christmas Day is on a Friday.
experience the students may have had of these.
2. Uncle’s plane leaves Cheddi Jagan Airport in Is being self-critical a good quality? The birds
Guyana on Tuesday morning and should arrive at are criticising themselves here. This may mean
Piarco Airport in Trinidad about an hour later. that the birds pay no attention to human
We are going to meet his plane. opinions of their song, but let the students
3. When you see Miss Mattie, please give her this discuss the line in small groups to draw out
letter. It is from Mrs Wilson. Make sure you different ideas.
don’t lose it. Questions on ‘When Dawn Comes to the City:
4. We used to put ‘Yours faithfully’ at the end of New York’
business letters but now most people prefer to 1. This poem is much more sombre and subdued.
use ‘Yours sincerely’. It is more friendly and The vitality of the last 4 lines of the first poem is
better for business. missing from the second poem, which is
5. Immigrants from the Caribbean often find that intentionally in keeping with the gloomy picture
life in Canada, North America and Britain can be painted by the poet in the first 12 lines.
unpleasant in the winter. It can be very cold 2. He chooses words which convey a gloomy,
then. Most immigrants soon get used to the sombre note, e.g. ‘grumbling’, ‘moaning’,
chilly weather. ‘groaning’, ‘dull’, ‘cold as stone’, ‘dark figures’,

‘sadly shuffle’, etc.
3. Barrow’s stars ‘blink farewell’. McKay’s stars are
‘the same dull’ ones as before. They are ‘dying’
6.14.
instead of blinking. Barrow has a more romantic
Enjoying poetry attitude to stars. McKay finds nothing attractive
about them.
Questions on ‘Dawn is a fisherman’ p82
4. McKay is probably writing about a place which
1. a) personification: ‘Dawn is a fisherman’
he does not particularly like: a cold city. Barrow
b) a metaphor: ‘his harpoon of light’
seems to be writing about a warm and vibrant
c) a simile: ‘Like a flung cast-net’
place which he admires.
2. The answer must be a matter of opinion. I like 5. It is difficult to compare them because of the
‘the black shapes of boats lie hunched like different backgrounds of the poems and aims of
nesting turtles on the flat calm of the sea’. the poet. Encourage the students to look for
3. The choice of ‘hurtle’ in line 9 is surprising after differences and similarities in the two poems,
‘half-awakened’. Perhaps we could use ‘glide’ or e.g. in setting, line length, rhythm, use of rhyme,
‘flap’ or ‘sail’. personification, etc.
Unit 7 Modelling
7.3. emphasis being on good looks and the right
figure. Intelligence and other qualities are of
Understanding p85 comparatively little importance.
3. A model may feel insecure because there is
A 1. D 2. C 3. A 4. C
fierce competition for available work. In
B 1. Many models do not earn enough to make the addition, a model may worry that she/he will
job a full-time one. be replaced by a younger and cheaper person,
2. The models are inspected and chosen much as
especially as she grows older.
a farmer might buy cattle at a market, with the
3.16
3.16
Guide
4. His main aim seems to be to warn young 3. to look – neutral to gaze – neutral
people about the less obvious problems to peer – neutral to peep – bad
involved in becoming a model. to stare – bad to watch – neutral
5. a) big (involving a lot of money)
Exercise 3
b) in a way similar to that in which
c) changeable and not to be trusted The answers depend on the individual. Possible
scores:
1. doctor +6 11. hygienic +6
7.4. 2. politics –8 12. money +4
Vocabulary: meaning in context p86 3. mother +8 13. dentist +5
A 1. C 3. A 5. A 4. river +4 14. diet 0

2. B 4. D 6. B 5. roof +1 15. holiday +6
B 1. i 4. k 7. d 10. f 6. husband +4 16. models –3
2. l 5. b 8. j 11. g
7. marriage +5 17. television +5
3. a 6. c 9. e 12. h
8. prison –8 18. carnival +4
9. thirteen 0 19. drugs –10
7.5. 10. fashionable +1 20. beach +3
Vocabulary: the emotive value of words
Exercise 1 p87 7.6.
1. The first headline presents the policeman in an Grammar:

unfavourable light. using the Present Perfect tense (revision)
2. The words are ‘guns down’.
Exercise 4 p89
3. There are many possible reasons, some of them
1. have injured, have broken
hardly credible.
a) The proprietor or editor has been in trouble 2. have been, has improved, has increased, have
with the police and therefore tries to even the gone
score by attacking the police. 3. Have … replied, have written, have told, have
b) As above but perhaps the bias is within the answered, have offered
reporter or sub-editor.
4. has happened, Has …gone., has changed, has
c) The police are seen as agents of the
weakened
government. The proprietor/editor supports
the opposition and looks for opportunities of 5. has taken, has moved , has put
attacking the government. 6. have reached, has landed
d) A sub-editor thinks that the headline will
7. have arrested, have questioned, have charged
attract more attention.
8. have made, have left, have spelt
4. I think the first headline is unfair but the others
are fair. In fact, the young man was a burglar and 9. have not forgotten, have just watered, have
not a thief but this does not really matter. We swept

can also say that the second headline is unfair 10. has lost, has found
because the young man has perhaps not yet been
Exercise 5 p90
tried and found guilty.
1. has been sleeping
Exercise 2 p88
2. have been standing
The answers depend on the individual. Possible
3. have been looking, have … been hiding
effects:
4. has been living
1. man – good a male – neutral
youth – neutral masculine – neutral 5. has been raining, has been rising
teenager – good a rascal – bad 6. have been gaining
a boy – good an old man - good
7. have … been studying, has been helping
2. woman – good a female – good
8. has been growing
lady – good feminine – good
girl – good an old woman – neutral 9. have been visiting
a hag – bad a young lady – good 10. has been leaking, has been intending
3.17
3.17
Guide
7.7. above notes contain 33 words, so I cannot add very

many more words. Start again…)
Grammar: correcting mistakes
The life of a model can bring both benefits and
Exercise 6 p91 problems. The benefits for a successful model
include money, glamour, fame and (perhaps) a
1. accept anything 7. place. Its
happy marriage.
2. a hero 8. they’re helping
However, there are also considerable problems
3. never sets 9. that all people or perils. The work is irregular and very
4. has a lot 10. always has competitive, so an established model may fear
that she will be replaced by a younger one as the
5. dedicated woman 11. be improved
years pass. Her career will be short and
6. from those in their 12. courage and accompanied by a feeling of insecurity. (Stop and
count. We have used 72 words already, so we can add
only another 28.)
7.8.
Her character may be spoiled by success or by
Grammar: using ‘It’s time …’ employers’ lax moral standards associated with
Exercise 7 p92 modelling, and she can expect to be regarded
with suspicion sometimes. (Total: about 98 words,
‘It’s time’ + the following: so that will be the final summary.)
1. you went home
Encourage students to realise that it is absolutely
2. the game started essential to stop soon after they are halfway through
a summary in an examination. Then they can make
3. I washed my hair
sure that they keep within the limits of the number
4. the film began
of words they can use.
5. you went to bed
6. we cooked the food
7. you ironed those clothes 7.10.

8. I did my homework
Enjoying poetry (1) p93
9. the rain stopped
Students can either skim through the poem ‘On an
10. Uncle arrived
afternoon train from Purley to Victoria’ and then
11. somebody repaired this road pass on to 7.11 or they can try to see exactly what the
12. you finished your work poet is saying.
13. Lisa wrote to us It may help to set part of the poem out in prose:
14. we painted the kitchen ‘Hello,’ she said and startled me on my train
journey. ‘Nice day.’
15. the bus into town came
‘Nice day,’ I agreed.
‘I am a Quaker,’ she said, ‘and on Sunday I was
7.9. silently moved to say aloud a poem concerning
Writing: making a summary p93 racial brotherhood.’
1. Benefits: money, fame, a happy marriage I was thoughtful. Then I said, ‘Which poem
suddenly came into your mind like that?’
2. Unfavourable features:
not enough work or money ‘Oh,’ she said. ‘It was one that the moment
considerable competition inspired.’
moral standards not always high I thought about this and then inexplicably ….
insecurity The rest of the poem is easier to follow except for
short career – depends on looks line 22, which is open to several interpretations.
character may be spoiled by success What does the poet mean by saying ‘Snow falls
viewed with suspicion sometimes everywhere’? Encourage the students to say what
3. The life of a model can bring both benefits and they think. There is no right answer so all opinions
problems. (Now I can add another 49–89 words. The and ideas are worth considering.
3.18
3.18
Guide
7.12. is to make sure that the first line ends with a word
for which it is fairly easy to find rhyming words.
Enjoying poetry (2): limericks p95 Possible words include ‘New York’ (‘talk’, ‘fork’),
With a little help and practice, students can probably ‘Long Bay’ (‘say’, ‘today’, ‘may’, ‘grey’), ‘Spain’
produce some good limericks themselves. The trick (‘rain’, ‘plane’, ‘train’), etc.
Unit 8 Medical Training?

8.3. 8.5.
Understanding p99 Vocabulary: homophones
A 1. D 4. C 7. D 9. C Exercise 1 p102
2. A 5. B 8. B 10. A
1. reign 8. fare 15. hole
3. A 6. A
2. air 9. talk 16. queue
B 1. He was a volunteer and practised in the
evenings. In addition, his supervisor said, ‘You 3. maid 10. flour 17. cruise
will probably be a doctor in a few years’ time’ 4. strait 11. medal 18. fleas
and this implies that he was not going to stay
5. vale 12. great 19. root
in charge of an ambulance.
2. Unexpectedly, they had a genuine patient to 6. male 13. would 20. weather
deal with. He was elderly and unconscious, so 7. raise 14. key
the situation had suddenly become very
serious.
3. She knew that they needed something to hold 8.6.
the two rear doors together. Vocabulary: synonyms
4. It bit Lloyd on the arm. This made Lloyd leap
out of his seat and fall against Francine, who Exercise 2 p103
intended to put the brake on but pressed the 1. C 4. D 7. C 9. D
accelerator by mistake.
2. A 5. B 8. D 10. D
5. He was very relieved to find that the old man
was recovering quite well. 3. D 6. A
6. It refers to the fact that on this occasion the Exercise 3
man’s wife had been proved wrong.
1. boring 7. scornful
7. He is ridiculing the thought that the walk was
beneficial. 2. familiar 8. decided, agreed
3. ambiguous, obscure 9. withdrawn
8.4. 4. over-confident, 10. illegal

self-satisfied
5. basic, underlying 11. penalty
A 1. A 3. B 5. B 7. A
6. colleagues 12. regret, sorrow
2. B 4. D 6. C 8. C
B 1. g 4. a 7. c 9. e
2. i 5. j 8. d 10. f 8.7.
3. h 6. b Grammar: questions with tags (1)
Exercise 4 p104
1. Yes, it is. (or No, it isn’t.) 3. Yes, they do.
2. Yes, I/we do. 4. No, I don’t.
3.19
3.19
Guide
5. Yes, it is. 11. Yes, it is. 8.10.

6. Yes, they do. 12. Yes, they do.
Spelling: ‘-ce’ and ‘-se’ (revision)
7. Yes, they do. 13. No, I didn’t.
(Yes, I did.) Exercise 7
8. Yes, they do. 14. No, it didn’t. 1. advise 5. prophecies
(No, they don’t.) 2. advice 6. licensed
9. No, I haven’t. 15. No, I haven’t. 3. offence, licence 7. practice
(Yes, I have.)
4. device 8. devise
10. Yes, I do.
(No, I don’t.)
8.11.
8.8. Enjoying poetry
Grammar: questions with tags (2)
Questions on ‘Song of the Banana Man’ p110
Exercise 5 p106 1. No, I don’t. I think it highly unlikely that any
1. Yes. (= Yes, I am.) 7. Yes. (= Yes, you can.) tourist would be so rude.
2. No. (= No, I don’t.) 8. Yes. (= Yes, there 2. Hm. Perhaps at the time when the poem was
are.) written some white tourists behaved in this
arrogant way. Perhaps the narrator (as distinct
3. No. (= No, I haven’t.) 9. Yes. (= Yes, I did.)
from the poet) was racist or could remember
Yes. (= Yes, I have.) No. (= No, I didn’t.) times when some white people spoke in this
4. Yes. (= Yes, they do.) 10. Yes. (= Yes, it did.) rude and foolish way. Do students have any
contact with tourists or people working in the
5. No. (= No, they 11. No. (= No, they
tourist industry? Do the majority of tourists
don’t.) don’t.)
speak politely or not? Perhaps the introduction
6. No, it’s heavier! 12. don’t know. of a tourist is merely to provide the opportunity
In some cases, other answers are possible. for the poet to do what he really wants to do:
describe the work of a banana man and – rightly
– praise him for his contribution to the
8.9. community.
Grammar: 3. The rhyme scheme is aa, bb, cc, dd, etc. –
using the right pronoun (revision) rhyming couplets.
4. That is a time for celebration (and pay), so I
Exercise 6 p107
expect you would like to change places with me
1. her 6. them, she, them, her, then and enjoy yourself.
them
5. First of all, I will say: ‘Hey, man, you ought to
2. us, him, his 7. us, we, it be a poet. That was brilliant!’ Then I will add,
3. they, him 8. It, us, us, he ‘I’m sorry about what I said just now. I apologise
for those remarks. Thanks very much for
4. it, you 9. them, he, them
telling me all about growing and harvesting
5. her,They, us, us, they 10. she, me, I, I, her bananas.’
3.20
3.20
Guide
Unit 9 Emigration
9.1. poet’s method is disconcerting without
achieving any noticeable effect. Other readers
Enjoying poetry (1) may have different opinions.
Questions on ‘Colonisation in Reverse’ p113 There is no ‘correct’ answer. Why do the
students think the poet chose to split ‘rain-
1. The narrator is happy at the thought of so many
cloaks’ and ‘fattened’ so that each occupies two
people emigrating to England.
lines? Does it make them think about the word
2. Perhaps the apostrophe after ‘burs’ is a sign to more when they read it split in this way?
the reader to look for the full word ‘burst’ and
2. Students may feel that nothing is gained. Write
not confuse it with the word ‘burs’. In line 4,
out the lines as they are in the poem, and
‘Englan’ makes sense without an apostrophe, so
alongside them, conventionally:
there will be no confusion.
They do not know.
3. They are pouring out of Jamaica. Everybody’s
Canada, the Panama Canal?
future plan is to get a big-time job and settle in
The Mississippi painfields,
the motherland.
Florida?
4. Many years ago, English people colonised
What is lost in the conventional version, e.g.
Jamaica. If many Jamaicans emigrate to England,
‘Can’ occurring at the beginning of two lines?
they can be said to be reversing the process by
Students can suggest how they would like to
colonising it. In this way, they are ‘turning

have arranged the words.
history upside down’.
3. The last stanza seems somewhat different from
5. a) The simile is ‘shippin off dem countryman
the early part of the poem. It is as if the poet
like fire’.
moves on from thinking about the emigrants
b) In line 24, ‘seat’ is used metaphorically. and is now speculating, poetically, about their
6. They can take food out of English mouths by future. In the process, he becomes more
taking jobs which Englishmen would otherwise imaginative and less factual, and this is shown
have. by the language and images he uses.
7. I think she finds it amusing but does not 4. He paints a grimmer picture with no sense of
disapprove of it. We can see amusement in the humour and seems to be more objective (and
first two lines and in lines 33–44. We could say less sympathetic) than Louise Bennett.
that the poet shows a light-hearted attitude 5. I prefer the first poem. It is more entertaining
towards emigration and mocks both Jamaican and cheerful.
and English people in a gentle and almost
6. Students can give their own opinions on this
affectionate way.
point. Help them to think by looking back at the
prose version in question 1. Experiment by
9.2. having two students reading the two versions
aloud (you might try this with another extract
Enjoying poetry (2) p113 that would be new to the class).
Both poems deal with emigrants. Both mention
taking jobs away from other people. The first poem
deals with emigration to England only, and does so 9.5.
in a humorous, light-hearted way. The second poem Understanding p117
speaks of emigration to various places and has a
much more serious tone. In both poems, Jamaicans 1. It means ‘are not thought well of ’.
emigrate to find jobs. (There are many other ways in 2. In line 11 she begins to justify her use of ‘no’ by
which we can say that the poems are similar or presenting a more positive picture of Jamaicans.
different.)
3. The word ‘Yardies’ is used in the UK to refer to
Questions on ‘The Emigrants’ p114 criminal gangs believed to have come from
1. I think I prefer the method shown in 1(b). It Jamaica.
delivers the description in neat packages which 4. She wants to show that some Caribbean people
are easy to understand. Method 1(a) is not so have done well in the UK and have a very
easy to digest, and one view might be that the favourable reputation.
3.21
3.21
Guide
5. It refers to people such a doctors, nurses and 9.8.

teachers.
Spelling p119
6. We can use ‘why is it’ instead of ‘how come’.
7. a) ‘Your’ refers to Miss Jones. 2. a) illiterate e) vehicles
b) Racial prejudice exists in almost every b) survivors f) until
country in the world, including Jamaica, so it c) professional g) pronunciation
is not surprising to find it in the UK. d) conscience h) batteries
8. I think she is sympathetic towards emigrants.

She speaks well of them in several places in the
9.9.
conversation.
Grammar: making a complaint
9.6. Exercise 1 p120
Vocabulary: meaning in context p117 1. There’s something wrong with this watch. I
want it replaced.
A 1. D 3. C 5. B
2. I wish to complain about children from your
2. A 4. A
school stealing things from my shop. I want you
B 1. j 4. a 7. i 10. d to speak to the children and stop them from
2. f 5. k 8. c 11. e stealing.
3. l 6. b 9. g 12. h
3. I want to complain about a taxi-driver who
charged me US $100 to take me from the airport
9.7. to the Sea View Hotel. It’s time somebody

controlled what taxis can charge for trips from
Writing: making a summary p118 the airport.
Suggested summary for (2), with a target of 50–80 4. I want to complain about your lack of service.
words: For the past two weeks my phone has been out
Miss Jones said that officially there is no racial of order, so I want somebody to come and repair
prejudice in the UK and that there are laws against it.
racial discrimination. However, she added that 5. I want to complain about a driver who parks one
unofficially racial prejudice does exist in the UK, as it of your lorries outside my house so that I cannot
does in almost every country. (Stop and count: 40 get my car out. Please tell your drivers not to
words We can use another 20–40 words.) park outside this address.
It occurred mainly amongst less educated people 6. I want to complain about the goods sent with
who resented anybody not of the same race or city as your invoice 34288-D of 1 April. The goods were
themselves. She thought it was gradually becoming not what I ordered, so I want you to take them
less common. (67 words) back and deliver the goods which I ordered in
my email of 18 March.
Unit 10 The Treeman

10.3. word ‘flanks’ refers to each side of the park, so
the words ‘on each side’ are not needed.)
Understanding p124 4. The story about a handsome man (Bob Redman)
was true. The story about tomtoms was partly
1. Guests can get an excellent view of Central Park true because Redman’s brother sometimes
from the hotel. played conga drums in the Park.
2. A room on the first floor would be too low to 5. a) This is a metaphor. The buildings were not
provide a view over the tops of the trees in the really ‘impenetrable cliffs of stone’. Similarly,
park. the ‘sea’ was not made of water but is used
3. The redundant words are ‘on each side’. (The metaphorically here.
3.22
3.22
Guide
b) The expression ‘like a modern Tarzan’ is a 13. t 15. l 17. m 19. p

simile. 14. k 16. s 18. o 20. r
6. He makes his description more vivid and

striking.
10.7.
7. The expression means ‘caught and made to
answer for his actions’. Grammar: compound adjectives p126
8. a) He built his tree houses secretly. 1. a) multi-storey e) man-eater
b) He built his houses in places where people b) one-way f) short-sleeved
were less likely to go. c) kind-hearted g) barbed-wire
c) He used camouflage to prevent officials from d) one-sided h) middle-aged
finding the tree houses. 2. a) even-tempered, calm and almost gentle
9. Presumably he scrounged pieces of scrap wood. b) somebody who remains calm even in an
Perhaps some came from earlier tree houses. emergency
c) not easily upset by troubles or problems
10. At various times, Mr Serpe was annoyed with
d) mean, unwilling to spend money
Redman, astonished at his skill and finally
e) a decision which takes into account
appreciative of Redman’s cooperation and
ability. consequences and future events
f) results for which somebody has been waiting a
long time
10.4.
Speaking: making an oral summary p124 10.8.
The oral summary (strictly from memory) could be: Grammar: reflexive and emphatic
Bob Redman lived near Central Park in New York. He pronouns (revision)
loved trees and built several tree houses illegally in
the Park. He did this for eight years until he was Exercise 1 p127
eventually caught by a squad of officers from the 1. himself 6. itself
Parks Department. The Director of Horticulture for 2. themselves, themselves 7. herself
the Park offered Redman a job as a pruner and tree-
3. myself 8. ourselves
climber, and Redman was delighted to accept the job
and he promised not to build any more tree houses. 4. yourself 9. ourselves
5. yourself 10. themselves
10.5 Exercise 2 p128

Speaking: asking questions p125 1. themselves 5. myself
2. myself 6. yourself
Possible questions and answers:
3. themselves 7. herself
1. Where is Central Park?
Answer: It is in New York. 4. itself 8. themselves
2. How big is the park?

Answer: It covers about 850 acres. 10.9.
3. Name one of the rules which Redman gave to
Grammar: prepositions
his guests.
Answer: You must not break any branches. (light Exercise 3 p128
a fire, leave litter behind, etc.).
1. for 6. with, to
2. to 7. of, for
10.6.
3. to, from, to, in 8. for, to, of
Vocabulary: meaning in context p125 4. to, from 9. on, with
A 1. C 4. A 7. C 5. of, on, at 10. with, against
2. A 5. B 8. A
Exercise 4 p129
3. A 6. D 9. A
1. Omit ‘to’.
B 1. f 4. a 7. c 10. g
2. j 5. b 8. d 11. q 2. Omit ‘to’.
3. h 6. i 9. e 12. n 3. most of his time
3.23
3.23
Guide
4. was born on the 10th 9. Rabies is a fatal disease. It is found amongst

5. duty of all, obey the laws wild animals. Sometimes dogs and even cats
catch it. It can kill human beings.
6. rely on Tanya, favour of the
10. The number of cars in our country is increasing
7. sent off the field, protesting against the
too rapidly. Therefore the Government is
decision thinking of increasing the tax on them, making
8. warned for fighting it more expensive for the average person to buy
9. Omit ‘of ’. a car.
10. Omit ‘to’. expected (with)in the next Exercise 8 p132

11. busy dealing with 1. Jamie heard somebody shout, so he turned
round and saw a friend waving to him from the
12. Omit ‘to’. Change ‘in’ to ‘on’.
other side of the road. Jamie guessed that
something was wrong. His friend looked upset
10.10. about something.
Grammar: articles ‘a’, ‘an’, ‘the’ (revision) 2. If we work hard and are proud of our own
country, we can make it a better place for all
Exercise 5 p130
people to live in.
1. fit into society 7. on the next page
3. Mitzie has never had singing lessons. She has
2. with strangers 8. as if he is English great natural ability. She could well make a very
3. uses a sewing-machine 9. on the other hand successful career out of singing. She needs
professional training.
4. As a result 10. pay a high price
4. Don’t eat that meat. It is probably bad. We must

5. under the influence 11. wearing a very
throw it away.
6. a very useful 12. strengthen the
5. Although Francine tried as hard as she could and
economy
spent nearly an hour on the question, she was
Exercise 6 p130 unable to solve a Geometry problem. She had to
1. a 5. the, the, a, the ask her sister for help.
2. a 6. an, the, the, –, the, – 6. On our way home from school, we stopped to
watch some men pulling down two old shops to
3. –, the, the 7. a, the, –, a, –, the
make way for a new office block. The men were
4. an/the, the, a, –, the, – 8. a, a, a, – laughing and joking as they worked.
7. Don’t worry about your watch. Uncle says he
10.11. can repair it easily. He’ll be here on Saturday. He
can look at it then. If necessary, he’ll take it away
Punctuation practice to get spare parts for it.
Exercise 7 p132 8. Grandma turned off the light and went to bed,
1. We went home by bus when the show finished. having completely forgotten that an electric iron
was still on. Not surprisingly, about an hour
2. I phoned my friend’s house. There was no
later she woke up and smelt burning.
answer. I assumed that she was out.
3. To save money, we decided not to buy an air-
conditioner.
4. My cousin hopes to become an airline pilot one 10.12.
day if he obtains the necessary qualifications and Enjoying poetry
his family can pay for his training.
5. This is not the same type of computer that
Questions on ‘The Village’ p134
Uncle Paul has. It is not very expensive. It is 1. a) a simile
extremely useful. b) It came from the people and experience in
and around the village.
6. Would you do me a favour? Post these letters
c) It embraced different things which were inter-
when you go out, please.
connected (like a web) but many of the items
7. Our school team managed to win although we were ideas and not concrete tangible things.
were one player short for most of the game. Hence ‘airy’ is a good word to describe the
8. The taxi stopped at the side of the road. Then a knowledge which the narrator gradually
police officer came to speak to the driver. obtained.
3.24
3.24
Guide
2. a) It could mean that the writer’s dreams were 10.14

restricted to what he had experienced in the
Asking questions p135
village. It could also mean that what he learnt
in the village had some bearing on what he Sometimes alternative questions are possible.
subsequently dreamt about. 1. Where and when did the accident happen?
b) It has given him wisdom (line 12). It has 2. How many people were injured or killed?
impressed him deeply so that he views it as a 3. Why were you late for the meeting?
romantic place (line 23). 4. What’s your weight and height?
3. a) This is an example of personification. (How much do you weigh and how tall are you?)
b) The collective wisdom of the village seems to 5. How much did those shoes cost that you
hang in the air (above the sugar cane). bought yesterday?
4. He regards her as a powerful (primeval) 6. How far is it from your home to school?
influence upon him. 7. What was that film about that you saw
on television?
8. Why did the bridge collapse?
(What caused the bridge to collapse?)
9. What have you lost?
10. Where did you lose it?
Unit 11 Sherlock Holmes

11.3. 11.5.
Understanding p137 Grammar: making and using adjectives
1. This means that Doyle is regarded as the first Exercise 1 p139
major writer of detective stories (in English).
1. Don’t come in the house with those muddy
2. He learnt from one of his lecturers, Dr Bell, how shoes on.
to find out useful information from people by
2. In Canada and the UK, icy winds blow from the
studying their hands, face and clothes. Then he
north in winter.
modelled his detective, Sherlock Holmes, on Dr
Bell. 3. The old man in the carriage held up a bony hand
and shouted at us.
3. They were investigating the mysterious
disappearance of Lady Falder, who lived at 4. The cornfield adjoining our house is triangular
Shoscombe Old Place. in shape.
4. The dog became angry when it discovered that 5. Sometimes an older model will feel threatened
the person who appeared to be its mistress was by younger competitors.
a man. 6. ‘Cancer Relief ’ is a charitable organisation.
5. The ‘card’ was the knowledge that a man was 7. Elvis Presley was a famous singer.
impersonating Lady Falder.
8. ‘I’m glad to see that your school report is
6. He did not want to have any further contact with satisfactory this term,’ Mrs Harris said.
the dog or the people who had stopped the
9. If you are lost in a forest, you may wander
carriage because he was afraid that he might be
around in a clockwise direction.
detected.
10. A hurricane is a natural phenomenon.
7. I would think that Lady Falder had been
murdered or kidnapped. 11. Hercules was a legendary hero who was very
strong.
11.4. 12. Avoid making remarks of a racial nature because
they may give offence.
13. In a democratic country, the government is
A 1. A 3. D 5. D formed after a general election.
2. C 4. C
14. Most models have a statuesque figure when
B 1. h 4. f 7. d 9. e they are young.
2. j 5. b 8. i 10. g
15. After a hurricane, repairs to damaged homes are
3. a 6. c
often costly.
3.25
Guide
Exercise 2 2. had been knocked, had been arrested, had been
1. surprised, annoyed, excited taken
2. interesting 3. had been boiled
3. amusing, interesting 4. had not been checked
4. annoyed 5. had not been cooked
5. deafening, excited 6. had not been built, had been mixed, had not
been supervised
6. tiring
7. had not been defeated
7. puzzled, surprised
8. had been demolished
8. embarrassed
9. had been bitten, had been taken
9. disgusted, disgusting
10. had not been swept, had not been watered
10. surprising
11.10.
11.7.
Grammar: prepositions
Finding out somebody’s occupation p141
Exercise 5 p145
Notes for question 2:
1. –, – 6. – 11. –, in
Notice that questions must be ones to which the
answer can be ‘Yes’ or ‘No’. Thus questions starting 2. –, on, (for) 7. –, –, into 12. –, of/concerning
with ‘When’, ‘Why’, ‘What’, ‘Where’ and ‘How’ are 3. –, in 8. for/about, –, – 13. In, of, with
not acceptable. It is a good idea to ask the person

4. –, in 9. –, with, in, of, 14. –, for, –, in
who will be questioned to write down the occupation
for, in
he/she has chosen. This will prevent him/her from
changing the occupation midway through the game. 5. for 10. –, –, at, –, at 15. for, –, in, in, for
Exercise 6 p146
11.8. 1. A 4. B 7. A 9. A
Grammar: using the Past Perfect tense 2. A 5. D 8. A 10. D

3. B 6. B
Exercise 3 p143
1. had collided
11.11.
2. had closed, had lost
Listening practice p147
3. had lost
4. had finished The text for reading out to the class can be found in
Scripts for the listening passages: Book 3, on page 3.39 of
5. had taken
this guide. Read out the sentences that describe the
6. had discovered, had disappeared, had taken actions in each small picture. The students should
7. had stolen, had locked, had cut write down the appropriate letter. The order of
sentences can be varied, so each set of pictures can
8. had passed, had knocked, had damaged, had
be used several times.
ripped
For example:
9. had put, had reconnected
Paul talked to his pet bird and fed his fish in the
10. had won, had lost, had played, had beaten
morning. In the evening, he played with his dog
and then he played with his cat.
11.9. Gives an answer of B, D, A, C
Grammar: using the passive form of the Paul often plays with his dog in the morning.
Past Perfect tense Then he feeds his fish. In the evening, he talked
to his pet bird and plays with his cat.
Exercise 4 p144
Gives an answer of A, D, B, C
1. had been repainted, had been cut, had been
planted
3.26
3.26
11.12. 11.14.
Enjoying poetry: epitaphs p148 Using a comma (revision) p150
Students can make up epitaphs, especially if they are Commas are needed as follows:
given a suitable opening line, e.g. 1. out, Kwesi 6. fruit, vegetables,
Here lies the body of Judy Stone… 2. carefully, trying 7. door, living-room,
Then they might add: bed, (optional)
3. said, “Hurry
8. present,” mother, “
Who swallowed a fish 4. friend, hotel,
And then the bone. 5. Paul, (to avoid
9. Fatima,
or confusion) 10. houses, however,
Who passed away

Without a groan.
Unit 12 Gun Hill

12.3. 2. Ordinary rate
(name) (address)
Understanding p152
GRANDPA HAD HEART ATTACK 15 JUNE
A 1. C 3. D 5. A PASSED AWAY PEACEFULLY 16 JUNE

2. D 4. B FUNERAL 18 JUNE STOP LOVE FROM ALL
AT HOME
B 1. At the time, it had no effect. Nine years later,
NAVIN
it was probably a major factor in the uprising
led by Bussa.
2. ‘falsely’ 12.7.
3. It seems likely that the rumours mentioned in
Vocabulary: problem words
line 13 caused the uprising.
4. They built watchtowers and put trained Exercise 1 p156
signallers in them. They also stationed soldiers
1. refrained 5. loose 9. Alternatively
in Georgetown and made sure that they could
march out as soon as there was any trouble. 2. comprehensive 6. eligible 10. adapt
5. It is doubtful if the freeing of slaves in 1838 3. economic 7. economical
had any immediate effect on the Signal
4. principle 8. ensure
stations. However, in later years, the danger of
another uprising became less. Exercise 2
1. effect 6. precedes
12.4. 2. grateful 7. advice
Vocabulary: meaning in context p153 3. excited 8. You’d, septic, worse
A 1. B 3. C 5. C 4. formally 9. their, injuries, expect,

2. D 4. D 6. D 5. discovery, source recover
B 1. i 4. a 7. b 10. e 10. aged, thefts
2. l 5. k 8. j 11. h
3. f 6. c 9. d 12. g 12.8.
Vocabulary: affixes and roots
12.6.
Sending a cable or telegram p155 Exercise 3 p158
1. marine, mariner, submarine, mere, mermaid,
1. Ordinary rate aquamarine (the colour of sea water)
(name) (address)
CONGRATULATIONS ON PASSING YOUR 2. negative, negation, negate
LAW EXAMINATION 3. legal, legislation, illegal, legitimate, illegitimate,
KERRY EDWARDS AND FAMILY college, colleague
3.27
Guide
4. acre, agriculture (cultivate a field) 12.10.

5. capture, captive, captivity
Punctuation: using a question mark
6. serve, servant, service, serviceable, servile,
deserve Exercise 5 p160
7. feminine, female, effeminate Students should put a full stop after: 1, 6, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, and a question mark after: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 13,
8. migrate, emigrate, immigrate, emigrant,
14.
immigrant, migrant, immigration
9. December (at one time, the 10th month),
decimal, decimate, dime 12.11.
Grammar: reporting orders
Exercise 6 p161
12.9.
1. My friend asked/told me to bring/take a whistle
Vocabulary: prefixes to the game.
2. He told me to make sure that I was there by five
Exercise 4 p159
p.m.
1. A biography is an account of a person which is
3. My father told me to hold the bottom of the
written by another person. An autobiography is
ladder.
an account which a person has written about his
or her own life. 4. My grandmother asked me to water the plants
on the veranda.
2. It is an ear-drum with a hole in it.
5. Miss Morris asked me to collect all the books

3. We can see perforations around the edges of a
and put them on her table.
stamp. They are used to make it easier for
somebody to remove a stamp from a sheet of 6. My mother told me to finish my homework and
stamps. put my books away.
4. It carries away exhaust (unwanted) gases from 7. My grandmother told me to lock the door and
the engine of the car. turn off the light before I went to bed.
5. Its purpose is to kill people and to deter people 8. She told me not to forget to close the windows.
from entering or crossing an area. 9. A police officer told me not to go too near the
6. ‘Malevolent’ means ‘thinking or doing bad or fire and to keep away from it.
evil things’. ‘Benevolent’ means ‘thinking or or A police officer told me to keep away from the
doing good things’ and is the opposite of fire and not to go too near it.
‘malevolent’. The prefix ‘mal’ means ‘bad(ly)’.
10. My friend begged me not to tell anybody about
7. Import the mistake.
8. The vice-chairperson should take his or her 11. Our Science teacher reminded us not to pour
place. water into concentrated sulphuric acid.
9. It means ‘knowing everything’. 12. Miss Wilson told us not to believe everything we
10. It is the (alleged) ability to communicate with a see in newspapers or hear on the radio or TV.
person’s mind without sensory activity, i.e.
without speaking, reading, writing, making 12.12.
movements of the body, etc. I don’t know
whether it is possible or not, but I doubt Grammar: reporting statements
whether it is possible.
Exercise 7 p163
11. Seeing
1. Our Science teacher told us (that) leaves absorb
12. a) sub: under – submarine: below the surface of carbon dioxide and produce oxygen.
the sea
2. My mother reminded us that meat and fish soon
b) post: under, later – postpone: put off an event
go bad if we leave them out of a fridge.
until a later date
c) homi: a human being – homicide: kill a 3. My aunt said I ought to get my hair cut.
human being 4. Shaleen explained to the tourist that the price of
d) con: with, having – conscious: with life; fresh fish always goes up when a tropical storm
knowing what is happening comes because the fishermen cannot go out to
e) tri: three – triangle: having three angles sea then.
3.28
3.28
Guide
or Shaleen explained to the tourist that the price 12.13.

of fresh fish always goes up when a tropical
storm comes. The fishermen cannot go out to Enjoying poetry
sea then.
Questions on ‘Look Closer’ p164
5. I told the tourists that the temperature here
1. We cannot be sure what the nurse meant. She
never falls below about 20 degrees, even at
might want the old woman to eat her food, go to
night.
the toilet, take some exercise, etc.
6. David reminded me that his bicycle is older than
2. She means, ‘You can see the body of an old
mine.
woman but you cannot look into my mind and
7. Lloyd said that their parrot always says, ‘Hello! see the person I think I still am.’
Hello!’ when it is hungry.
3. This could mean ‘able to move about agilely’ or
8. Mr Porter often complains that the road outside it could mean ‘looking forward to the future’ or
his house is full of pot-holes. ‘living happily and able to go anywhere’. It could
9. The girl at the travel agent’s office said the flight also mean ‘not restricted by earthly cares’. We
to the UK usually takes about eight hours but cannot be sure of the exact meaning.
that we/I should book well in advance if I/we 4. She is extremely sympathetic towards the old
want to travel on a particular day. woman.
10. My friend told me that her mother owns a small 5. I like the poem. In a charming and simple way, it
restaurant. She said that her mother does most reveals the tragic fate of any human being (and
of the cooking herself and is an expert cook. particularly a woman) whose body ages much
or her mother was an expert cook and did most faster than his/her mind and memory.
of the cooking herself.
Unit 13 The Best Sugar Boiler

13.3. 5. The people stayed close to Doc ‘as if for
protection’ and paid for warnings which were
Understanding p167 based on nothing except superstitious belief.
A 1. B 3. A 5. B
2. B 4. B
13.4.
B 1. It was a very large amount of food, prepared
for the workers but left uneaten when the men
did not come to work. It could be called A 1. D 3. D 5. B 7. A
‘hideous’ (a) because it might become wasted, 2. A 4. A 6. D 8. B
or (b) because the family did not know how to
B 1. l 4. a 7. j 10. d
get rid of it.
2. k 5. f 8. c 11. g
2. I think Jerry was a relative of some kind,
3. h 6. b 9. e 12. i
perhaps the narrator’s brother. I say this
because the normal workers had not turned
up, so the family were boiling the sugar 13.5.
themselves.
3. Doc Bitteroot sold something which, so he
Vocabulary: idioms
claimed, was able to protect the people from Exercise 1 p169
future troubles (line 17). Doc put on an
1. a close shave 6. a pig in a poke
evening show (line 19) which attracted the
people. 2. a bad penny 7. a hard nut to crack
4. a) He was claiming to be able to protect them 3. a feather in your cap 8. A red letter day
from future troubles.
4. a nest-egg 9. a red herring
b) He is implying that Doc Bitteroot’s claim
was fraudulent. 5. a card up your sleeve 10. a bee in your bonnet
3.29
3.29
Guide
13.6. (b) two parts of one sentence are separated by

‘Miss Harris said’ so we use a comma after
Vocabulary: proverbs ‘said’.
Exercise 2 p170 2. In (a) two sentences are separated by ‘Roy told
his mother’, so we have a full stop after
1. c 4. b 7. i 10. l
‘mother’. In (b) we have two parts of a single
2. h 5. g 8. k 11. d sentence, with ‘Anna told her mother’ between
3. j 6. f 9. a 12. e them. Thus we have a comma after ‘mother’.
Exercise 5 p175
13.7. 1. “Are you going near the Post Office?” Mrs Reid
asked her husband.
Grammar: using adjectives p171
“Yes,” he said. “Is there anything you want?”
1. a) crafty, strong, brave, bold, cunning “Could you get me a small registered envelope,
b) quiet, timid, unobtrusive, secretive please?” Mrs Reid said. “I’ve got to send some
c) dangerous, hungry, crafty, cunning, money to my sister in Guyana.”
aggressive, ruthless “OK,” Mr Reid said. “I’ll get a couple. It may be
d) busy, methodical, zealous useful to have a spare one available.”
e) strong, powerful 2. When the telephone rang, I ran to answer it,
thinking that it was probably a friend calling for
2. a) a grasshopper, a young lamb, a foal
a chat.
b) a hunter, a starving lion
“Hello,” a lady said. “Can I speak to the
c) a frog, a cow with a cold, the siren on a police
manager, please?”
car, a rusty pipe

“I’m sorry …” I started to say but she
d) a bull, a mad dog
interrupted me.
e) leather, the shell of a tortoise, my old shoes, a
“Mr Reynolds, I mean,” she said.
piece of rope
“You’ve got the wrong number,” I replied.
The lady was surprised. “Isn’t that Modern
13.9. Furniture?” she asked.
“No,” I said.
Writing: starting a story “I’m very sorry,” she said.
Exercise 4 p174 “That’s all right,” I replied.
This is how the author of Big Doc Bitteroot (C.
Everard Palmer) starts the chapter from which the 13.11.
passage in 13.2 is taken:
We were left alone with the sugar cane. All the
men had walked off their jobs and their wives The text for reading out to the class can be found in
with them. It was as if they thought that our Scripts for the listening passages: Book 3, on page 3.40 of
property was cursed and staying was risky. this guide. Ask a student to read out the information
Enough canes had been reaped, but transporting (or a variation of it) so that the class can compile a
them was only half done. Mother said she and I list with the headings given in the textbook.
would do the rest, Jerry the grinding, and Father The data can be set out in this way:
the boiling. Jerry said he would put Moe in the
Name of ship Arrives Leaves Destination
traces, instead of Petrel, because Moe was a
better-tempered animal. Golden Crest 13 June 15 June Tampa
In Exercise 4, students can either start at the Onyx 13 June 13 June Georgetown
beginning of this incident (boiling the sugar) or, if Green Star 15 June 19 June Kingston
they prefer it, at the beginning of the book, when Oranje 16 June 18 June Tampico
Doc Bitteroot first comes to Kendal.
Pearl 19 June 21 June London
Corfu 21 June 23 June Barranquilla
13.10.
Punctuation:
using inverted commas (revision) p174
1. In (a) we have two sentences separated by ‘the
driver said’ so we need a full stop after ‘said’. In
3.30
3.30
Guide
13.12. matters at all whether the reader knows the

precise meaning of the word but it would help if
Grammar: the meaning were made clear.
comparison of adjectives (revision)
4. They confide in each other and are gossips.
Exercise 6 p176 5. The tone of the poet seems to be one of
1. Kevin 5. David 9. Michelle affection. He mentions the ‘gentle afternoon’
and the way in which people drift away ‘to
2. Michelle 6. Nadia 10. Nadia
attend their affairs’. He describes the people as
3. Nadia 7. David ‘part of the village family’, so we feel that the
4. Kevin 8. David poet is looking back amiably at the village where
he grew up or at a village he knew well.
Exercise 7
6. Characteristics often found are:
1. A mile 5. Tobago 9. Trinidad and
a) The lines can be short or long.
Tobago
b) There is plenty of flexibility regarding rhyme
2. 100 yards 6. St Vincent 10. Angle A
and rhythm.
3. Abiose 7. Guyana 11. C c) The reader may have to work to draw out the
4. Miss Morris 8. Jamaica 12. D meaning. Some readers may feel that the act
of writing is then very self-indulgent
d) Poets may use words in any way which
13.13. pleases them, often with striking imagery
(but the meaning of which may be obscure at
Enjoying poetry
times).
Questions on ‘In the Gentle Afternoon’ p178 If you can arrange for someone who writes their
own verse to visit your school, you could discuss
1. I think it means ‘gossip’.
this issue. This could provide a good
2. I think he seeks to stress the fact that the village opportunity for encouraging the children to
was very small and insignificant. think about language and choice of words and
3. I think it means ‘disgorges’ because the people produce some work of their own.
are eager to enter the shop. I don’t think it
Unit 14 Bite Marks

14.3. 14.4.
Understanding p181 Vocabulary: meaning in context p182
A 1. C 3. C 5. C A 1. B 3. A 5. A 7. B
2. B 4. D 6. D 2. D 4. C 6. D
B 1. It was the first time bite-marks were accepted B 1. g 4. i 7. c 9. e

by a court as evidence of identification. 2. j 5. b 8. f 10. h
2. He hoped to have his conviction for arson 3. a 6. d
quashed. The attempt failed because the Court C 1. g 4. b 7. c 9. f
of Criminal Appeal upheld the conviction. 2. i 5. j 8. e 10. h
3. He took a bite from an apple which he found 3. a 6. d
there and then left the apple behind.
4. He was probably pleased because the decision
of the Court reflected well on him as a forensic
odontologist. His expertise received formal
recognition.
3.31
3.31
Guide
14.5. 4. The lady told us that she had sprained her ankle
and that she could not walk properly.
Writing: making a summary
5. A supervisor told us that the last bus had gone
Exercise 1 p184 already and that we would have to walk or get a
taxi.
Target: 80–120 words.
6. A lady at the desk told me I could go in the
Key words: ‘the way in which an apple was
library if I left my bag outside.
responsible for sending Johnson to prison’.
7. One of the tourists said that they were staying at
Notes: KJ broke into office
the Plaza Hotel until the following Thursday.
bite from apple – fire
They were going for a trip on a boat the next
arrested – prev rec
day.
bite-mark and teeth compared
prison – appeal failed or, to prevent confusion about the next day:
One of the tourists said that they were going for
a trip on a boat the next day. They were staying
Summary
at the Plaza Hotel until the following Thursday.
When Karl Johnson broke into an office, he took a
8. Peter said that as far as he knew his cat was
bite from an apple which he found there. Because of
older than mine/ours.
his previous record, Johnson was arrested.
Impressions of his teeth were found to match the 9. The woman said she had lost her handbag, so
bite-marks left in the apple. (Stop and count: 40 words she had no money.
used, so we can use another 40–80 words.) 10. A man told us that the ferry was not working
that day. He said it would be all right the
Johnson was charged with arson and convicted.

When he appealed against the conviction, the following day.
evidence of the bite-marks was accepted and his 11. My friend told me that his/her uncle was living
conviction was upheld. (65 words. Note that a in Canada then. (is living … now)
hyphenated word counts as a single word.)
12. The announcer on the radio said that the
temperature was 28 degrees then and the
14.6. humidity was 82%.
Vocabulary: idioms p185
14.8.
1. to listen
2. to refuse to listen
Punctuation:
using a question mark (revision)
3. to refuse to look at or see
4. to decline to be provoked Exercise 3 p187

5. to be silent Students should put a question mark after 3, 5, 7, 11
and 15, and a full stop after 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13
6. to be determined and resist pain or trouble
and 14.
7. to be cornered and have no means of retreat
8. to agree with somebody 14.9.

9. to say something before another person can say
Grammar:
it
showing the purpose of an action
10. to be conceited
Exercise 4 p188
14.7. Many alternatives are possible.
Grammar: indirect (reported) speech 1. Sometimes police officers stop a bus to look for
a suspect.
Exercise 2 p186 2. Tourists often go to a money-changer to get local
1. Mrs Smith said that her daughter would give me money.
the money the next day. 3. When a hurricane approaches, people stay at
2. Miss Jordan told Mr Johnson that his brother home so that they can protect their homes and
was waiting to see him. keep out of danger.
3. Mr Stuart said that the hotel was full. He was 4. Mr Walters set some traps to catch mice in his
sorry but there were no vacant rooms. home.
3.32
3.32
Guide
5. My grandmother bought herself a new pair of 14.10.

spectacles so that she could read the newspaper
easily. Enjoying poetry
6. Sometimes a government has to raise taxes in Questions on ‘Ana’ p190
order to obtain money to pay for schools,
1. Perhaps they mean ‘waving while her father
hospitals and other facilities.
observed in his gentlest frame of mind’.
7. Mrs Lall bought some flour to make some cakes.
2. Apparently it did not come true because the poet
8. Many people emigrate in order to get a better says, in lines 33–4, ‘I’ve given up the prospect of
job and save some money. pink dresses and flowers’.
9. Miss Dixon bought a computer so that she could 3. For example: reaching out to hang round my
work at home. neck
10. Letitia turned off the television to concentrate 4. Perhaps he is thinking that the flesh is neutral
on her homework. because it cannot pray that she will or will not
11. At most airports, Customs officers may search miss.
passengers and their luggage to make sure that 5. It tells us (a) that he is indulgent towards his
they are not carrying any drugs. daughter and (b) that he is an honest man.
12. You ought to send that letter by airmail to 6. They are self-inflicted because the poet/father
ensure that it gets to Nadia within a few days. does not have to put up with the scratches. He
can stop the assaults if he wants to but he
prefers to let his daughter play with him even if
he gets scratches as a result.
7. He appears to be a loving and indulgent father –

a very good man.
Unit 15 Black Bart

15.3 . 6. This would put an end to the robberies, make
travel safer and perhaps bring the company
Understanding p193 more customers. It would also mean that
A 1. D 3. D 5. D
fewer valuables would be stolen from their
2. B 4. A 6. A
stage-coaches.
B 1. He failed to find gold when he was

prospecting, so he decided to become a part- 15.4.
time highwayman to get some gold or money. Vocabulary: meaning in context p194
2. This prevented him from shooting at anybody
and perhaps meant that if and when he was A 1. C 3. C 5. A 7. D
caught, the charge and sentence would be less 2. D 4. B 6. C 8. B
than if he had fired a shot during a robbery. B 1. i 4. a 7. c 9. g
Alternatively, it is possible that he never 2. f 5. j 8. e 10. h
intended to fire a shot, so there was no need to 3. b 6. d
take any cartridges.
C 1. e 4. a 7. c 9. h
3. He was wounded while escaping from a hold-
2. j 5. i 8. f 10. d
up and in the confusion he did not notice that
3. g 6. b
he had dropped something.
4. We mean that a person has two conflicting
personalities: one good and the other bad. 15.5.
5. Newspapers tend to make a news item more
Vocabulary: a cloze passage p196
sensational because this will make more
people want to buy the newspaper to read 1. D 3. B 5. A 7. B
about an event. 2. C 4. A 6. C 8. D
3.33
3.33
Guide
9. B 15. C 21. D 27. B 6. She asked me if I know the answer to question

10. B 16. A 22. C 28. D 4.
11. C 17. D 23. A 29. C 7. She asked me if I saw the fire start.
12. D 18. D 24. A 30. B
8. She asked me whether she should tell Kevin
13. C 19. A 25. D
about the concert.
14. A 20. B 26. C
9. She asked me if I am related to Mrs Palmer.
10. She asked me if she can borrow my bike this

15.6.
weekend.
Grammar: using ‘as’
Exercise 1 p198 15.9.
1. Silver is not as heavy as gold. Pronunciation: the letter ‘h’ p200
2. St Lucia is not as big as Trinidad. 1. We can write ‘aitch’ for ‘h’.
3. Guyana is not as crowded as Jamaica. 2. There is confusion concerning the use of ‘an’ or
4. Men are not as honest as women. ‘a’ before a word which starts with ‘h’. If the ‘h’
5. Rivers are not as deep as the sea. is silent, we should (in theory) use ‘an’:
6. The moon is not as suitable for life as Earth is. an honest man an honour
an heiress an hour
7. Most fish are not as dangerous as sharks (are).
an honorary position
8. A tropical storm is not as powerful as a
If the ‘h’ is pronounced, we should (in theory)
hurricane (is).
use ‘a’:
9. Sean is not as young as Anna (is).
a history lesson a historical novel
10. Oranges are not as sour as lemons. a hotel a horrible sight
However, a large number of people say and write
15.7. ‘an historical novel’. Strictly speaking, they
should then say ‘an istorical novel’. The use of
Grammar: indirect questions (1) ‘an’ before ‘historical’ is a relic from past
generations and does no harm, so we can ignore
Exercise 2 p199
it without imitating it. The modern word ‘herb’
1. She asked me what my name is. comes from France, where the initial ‘h’ was
2. She asked me where I live. silent. When British colonists settled in
America, they took the pronunciation ‘erb’ with
3. She asked me when the film starts.
them and it has been spoken without an ‘h’ in
4. She asked me which CD I want. the USA ever since. Meanwhile, English people
5. She asked me what Leela wants. have restored the ‘h’ from the original Latin
6. She asked me who was sitting next to the driver.
‘herba’, so they say ‘herb’.
7. She asked me what the score is.
8. She asked me what kind of bike my brother

15.10.
bought. Grammar: indirect questions (2)
9. She asked me what the referee said to me.
Exercise 4 p201
10. She asked me how long it takes to get to
1. Michelle told Rick that her watch had stopped.
Kingston.
She asked him what the right time was.
Exercise 3 2. Mrs Blake told her husband that she was just
In these sentences, it does not matter whether we going shopping. She asked him if there was
use ‘if ’ or ‘whether’. anything she could get for him.
1. She asked me if my brother is older than I am. 3. Brian asked his father how they would get home
2. She asked me if I can swim well. if the car broke down again and would not start.
He added that there was a storm due that night.
3. She asked me if I have an email address.
4. Delroy said that his computer would not start.
4. She asked me if it is going to rain tomorrow.
He asked if anybody had been playing games on
5. She asked me if I have spent all my money. it.
3.34
3.34
Guide
5. Natalie asked her brother what Latoya’s email 15.12.

address was. She said she had written it down
on a piece of paper but then she could not find Enjoying poetry
the paper.
Questions on ‘For My Mother’ p204
6. Festus asked his sister if she knew anybody who
1. Her fate was to marry the man mentioned in
wanted to sell a computer. He said he would like
line 5.
to buy one but could not afford to buy a new one.
2. Perhaps it took place in Scotland or England.
7. Errol asked his sister if she had finished her
homework yet. He was waiting to watch a 3. He is described as having a maroon blazer
boxing show on television. (striking and impressive), cream serge pants
(striking and expensive), a seam as sharp as a
8. Sgt Bennett asked me if I had seen the car hit
razor (meticulous and impressive), a beret
the cyclist. He asked me where I had been
(unusual here and suggesting care in dressing)
standing when the accident (had) happened.
and two-tone shoes (chosen to impress people).
If we put all these things together, we have a
15.11. dandy. We are told that he had come from a
Grammar: using ‘used to’ country 100 miles away, so he was obviously a
visitor.
Exercise 5 p202 4. The expression means that he had a distinctive
1. My father used to play football but now he plays crease down each leg of his trousers. This is a
badminton instead. simile.
2. My family used to grow sugar cane here but now 5. This implies that, despite old age, she made
the land is needed for new homes. an effort to walk ‘straight-backed’. The
3. Mrs Collins used to teach History but now she expression shows the strength of character of
teaches English. her mother.
4. This district used to be very peaceful but now it 6. It is a tribute to the poet’s mother. This is very
is crowded and noisy. apparent in lines 22 to the end.
5. Grandpa used to play football but now he never

plays because he is too old.
6. Mr Dosman used to be a police officer but now Exercise 6 p205
he owns a shop.
1. much 5. much 9. was, much, or
7. Grandma used to drink coffee but now she never
2. few 6. are, many 10. much
drinks it because it keeps her awake at night.
3. is, much 7. many
8. There used to be a shop on this corner of the
road but there is not one here now. 4. are, few 8. is, much
Unit 16 Tantie’s Tooth

16.3. b) They viewed her with caution and respect,
deferring to her when necessary.
Understanding p208
4. When he saw the tooth, he realised that the
1. She accused him of being a thief by overcharging situation was serious. He tried to get out of it by
for goods. He defended himself by smiling and bringing his son to deal with the situation.
remaining good-natured. 5. She kept out of sight so that Ling would not
2. He could interpret for his parents, remain cool know where she was going for goods. She
and calmly explain the reason for increased probably liked Ling and did not want to make
prices. We could call him an intermediary or go- him lose face.
between. 6. She liked him and called him a ‘sweeter’.
3. a) It tells us that her wrath was something to be 7. We see the humour right at the start when
feared and that she would get angry with confrontations between Ling and Tantie are
anybody who seemed to be in her way, referred to as friendly exchanges ‘on the subject
including innocent people at times. of honesty’. We see humour again in the
3.35
3.35
Guide
expression ‘Tantie felt herself more than companies of men

bearably hard done by’ and in the fact that a line 12: coldly argue the morality
dispute between Ling and Tantie was going to be line 39: bespectacled and with a pencil stuck
‘one of the highest order’. behind his ear, looking like a
preoccupied scholar annoyed at the
interruption
16.4. line 42: a lil chile … dou-dou
Vocabulary: meaning in context p208 line 46: continued to look unimpressed
line 50: my son Henry he know all bad-word
A 1. D 3. A 5. B 7. A already
2. B 4. A 6. B line 53: Yu sure it ain’ goods yu buy up the road
B 1. h 4. a 7. f 9. g … Henry put the question mildly
2. e 5. c 8. j 10. b
Exercise 3
3. i 6. d
1. a) They respected or feared Tantie.
b) She was a determined and/or aggressive
16.5. woman.
c) She could become angry and was not worried
Punctuation: using an exclamation mark
about whom she blamed or was angry with.
Exercise 1 p209 d) When she became angry, she created an
impressive scene.
The exclamation marks in 16.2 are in the following
e) She was very angry and determined.
lines:
f) She was ready to scold anybody and was very
line 3: a reproof, scolding, mild anger angry.

line 35: anger
2. line 36: she bared her front teeth at him
line 36: anger and emphasising an order
line 56: we stormed out
line 51: for emphasis
line 57: reminded me to pass in the back street,
line 55: (twice): anger each time
or we sneaked past Ling’s door like
line 61: joy, pleasure (twice)
thieves
line 64: emphasis, depth of feeling, pleasure.
lines 59–60: Tantie was in the best of humour
lines 63–4: she confided to him in a
16.6. thunderous whisper
Writing: developing character in a story
16.7.
Exercise 2 p210
Discussion:
1. Information about Ling:
line 1: friendly exchange
would you like to be an author? p210
line 2: yu too thief … it never had a Chinee man Amongst the qualities needed are these:
thief like you
• a wide vocabulary – read many books
line 3: Ling’s reply was always good-natured
line 4: the beam that creased his eyes and his • the ability to select words shrewdly and write
whole face would almost conquer Tantie simple English – study the way in which authors
line 6: spoke what was to us a rather quaint such as John Steinbeck and Ernest Hemingway
pidgin write
line 24: Ling seemed to duck a few inches when • powers of observation – make a point of
he saw her coming observing people and places carefully
line 25: he started to beam in advance
• experience of people and the world – grow older
line 31: his eyes darting nervously
and read more
line 48: their eyes exchanged an amused twinkle
line 61: beamed Ling, with his eyes creased in • a sense of humour, humility and justice – try to
joy develop them
line 65: Ling beamed on and nodded steadily • special knowledge, e.g. of crime, romance,
2. Information about Henry: horse-racing, hospitals, etc. – read about these
line 8: who was a miniature Ling and who was areas and perhaps work in some of them
known as The Doc • knowledge and understanding of races, religions
line 9: stepped into the breach and social classes – be observant and politely
line 10: would face ominous rum-soaked inquisitive
3.36
3.36
Guide
• the ability to type and use a computer – teach 16.10.

yourself
Understanding:
• great patience and determination – teach
yourself comparing pie charts p213
• tact – self-control 1. Perhaps Family R grows some of its food. Prices
in the urban area may be higher than in the rural
• luck – pray! area. Perhaps Family R stays up later at night
You will also need a job because the majority of and eats more late night snacks.
authors do not earn enough to make writing a living. 2. Family R spends three times the amount which
You could invite a local author to discuss his/her Family U spends on transport. Members of
work and way of life with the class. Family R probably have to travel much farther to
school and work than members of Family U do.
16.8. 3. Family U will save less money than Family R.
Vocabulary: 4. If some members of Family U work in city
changing dialect to standard English offices, they may feel a need to dress more
smartly than members of Family R. In addition,
Exercise 4 p211 perhaps members of the urban family go to
1. I’m not a thief/crook, Miss Rosa. We all have to nightclubs and smart restaurants more
live, don’t we? frequently than people in a rural area, and this
could involve spending more on clothes.
2. What do you think of all that, Ling?
5. We can insert ‘perhaps’ or ‘possibly’. We cannot
3. Come on, Ling. Don’t pretend to be stupid now
tell from the figures for ‘Utilities’ how much is

because you and I know that you’re very smart. spent on electricity as opposed to telephones,
What were all these things doing in the goods? water, etc.
Just look at that big stone and then look at my
mouth! 6. Family U spends twice as much on
entertainment each year as Family R does. In an
4. Well, you can just send him back. I haven’t come urban area there are more attractive forms of
here to argue with a little child. Go back and do entertainment, so people spend more on them.
your homework, sweetie-pie. In a rural area, there are fewer forms of
5. Are you sure these aren’t goods that you bought entertainment, so people perhaps watch
(from a shop) up the road, Miss Rosa? television more and do not go out so often in the
evening. In addition, there are some rural forms
of entertainment which do not involve spending
16.9. much or any money.
Grammar: correcting common errors 7. The answer to this question depends very much
on the country concerned.
Exercise 5 p211
They get some or all of the following:
1. an old man 7. doesn’t agree
• education for the children
2. about the meaning 8. were very excited • hospitals and a health service
3. so badly 9. Every Christmas • highways and transport facilities, including an
airport
4. those days 10. used to tell
• the protection of the police force
5. shook his head 11. abandoned houses • armed forces to protect the country
6. mile. It led 12. Omit ‘do’. • a government to make laws.
Exercise 6 p212 8. Family U must/will spend less on entertainment

and taxes in future. It may also need to spend
1. there was a shop 7. anything but
less on food, utilities, clothes and ‘others’.
2. bad weather 8. be determined
3. refrigerator 9. all over them

4. their shoes 10. didn’t stop
5. there was a very 11. might have happened
6. friend’s name 12. his plane
3.37
3.37
16.11. Exercise 9 p215

Grammar: adjective or adverb? (revision) 1. on, by 6. from, of
2. of, out 7. at, with

Exercise 7 p214
3. for, for 8. for, up
1. nervously 7. thoroughly, maliciously
4. to, about 9. for, on
2. sad, happy 8. suspicious, suspicious,
quickly 5. with, in 10. without, of
3. patiently 9. successful
4. Luckily 10. hopefully
5. untidy 11. angrily, cheerfully
6. careless, recklessly 12. politely, respectful

16.13.
Enjoying poetry
16.12. Questions on ‘Letter to England’ p217
Grammar: using the right preposition 1. I think he shows a gently mocking attitude.
Exercise 8 p215 2. She wants to get more money from her daughter.
1. improvement in his 6. supporters of the 3. She wanted to remind her daughter to send her
work some money.
2. absent from, on many 7. Asia on the West 4. We can only speculate about the reason for the
different spellings. Perhaps they show different
3. contrary to the rules 8. crowded with people
emphases by the mother or are used to show
4. annoyed with himself 9. answers to these that there is no fixed spelling for some
queries sounds/words in the dialect.
5. on October the tenth 10. demand for labour 5. (The answers depend upon the individual.)
3.38
Guide
Scripts for the listening passages : Book 3

5.12.
Listening: understanding a map p65
Questions 1–6 for multiple choice answers in Section B:
1. What is opposite the bank in Star Road and south of it?
2. What’s the place between the market and the coffee shop?
3. What is opposite number 26 New Moon Road?
4. Where is the Security Centre?
5. Tanya came out of 25 City Road, turned right and walked northwards along City Road.
She took the second turning on her left and entered the first building she came to. Which
building did she go into?
6. Mr Jagjit Singh left the video shop and walked up Garden Road. He wanted to get some
money. Which building in Star Road did he probably go into?
Questions 7–10
7. Roy left his home in Rose Building. He crossed the road and walked along Rainbow Road.
At the end of the road, he turned left and went into a place opposite the car park but on
the corner of Star Road and City Road. Why did he go in this place?
8. Mr Brown is the baker in this town. He has his own shop and lives directly opposite it.
What’s his address?
9. A taxi started from the taxi stand on the corner of Rainbow Road. The driver drove
westward and took the first turning on his right. He stopped outside the last building on
his left to pick up a passenger. Where did the passenger probably come from?
10. Jolene came out of the library and turned right. She walked to the end of the road and
turned left. She walked past the bank and basketball court. She took the next turning on
her left and entered the last place on her left. Where did she hope to meet somebody?
Questions 11 and 12
11. You were standing outside the bus station in Rainbow Road when a tourist said to you,
‘Excuse me. Can you please tell me how I can get to the clinic?’
12. When you were in the Post Office, a tourist said, ‘Excuse me. Do you happen to know
where there is an optician’s place? I need to get a new pair of glasses.’
3.39
3.39
Guide
11.11.
Text for small pictures:
1. Paul talked to his pet bird and fed his fish in the morning. In the evening, he played with
his dog and then he played with his cat.
2. After school on Monday, Kim had an ice cream. On Wednesday she had a milk-shake at
breakfast and a banana at lunch time. On Saturday she had coffee at breakfast.
3. Norman’s day consisted of checking his emails, calling a colleague on another floor,
discussing sales figures with the sales manager and having a quick sandwich lunch at his
desk.
4. When Sonia gets ready she puts on her lipstick, sprays on some perfume, brushes her
hair and puts on her earrings.
13.11.
Listening practices p175
I have the information Tanya needs. Can you take it down, please, and pass it on to her when
she arrives?
The ‘Golden Crest’ arrives on 13th June and leaves on the 15th for Tampa. That’s in Florida.
On the same day, the ‘Onyx’ arrives. That’s O, N, Y, X. It leaves on the 13th for Georgetown,
so it will be here only a few hours to pick up cargo and passengers.
On the 15th the ‘Green Star’ arrives and stays until the 19th when it leaves for Kingston.
The ‘Oranje’ arrives on the 16th. I’d better spell that name: O, R, A, N, J, E. It’s a Dutch ship.
Ah, I forgot to mention that it departs for Tampico (in Mexico) on the 18th June. The next
day, the ‘Pearl’ arrives from Georgetown and stays until the 21st, when it sails for London.
Last but not least, the ‘Corfu’ arrives on 21st June. I’ll spell that name: C, O, R, F, U. It leaves
on 23rd June for Barranquilla. That’s B, A, R, R, A, N, Q, U, I, L, L, A.
As far as I know, those are the only ships and dates Tanya wants. Ask her to give me
a ring or send an email if she wants any details or further information. Bye.
3.40
3.40

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Nelson Thornes Caribbean English

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in

Published in 2004 by:

ISBN 978 1 4085 0253 2

Page make-up by Northern Phototypesetting Co. Ltd, Bolton

Unit 1 Pirates of the Caribbean 3.1

Unit 1 Pirates of the Caribbean

7. evolve: develop (from one stage to a different or

2. She can sue the owners of the newspapers which

Exercise 1 p5 4. Change ‘affection’ to ‘infection’.

1. gradually, slowly 7. immature, childish 5. Change ‘disuse’ (meaning ‘not using’) to

12. There is really no satisfactory way of correcting Exercise 9

1. to us. Without it,

4. We waited patiently for half an hour. The sun set

5. This vase is too fragile to be sent by post. (or to 2. ei 6. ei 10. ie 14. ie

Unit 2 Trinidad at War

certain items would be suppressed.

5. did you have 11. Did Uncle’s plane arrive

3. rise, increase 9. temporary Exercise 5 p22

2.11. 5. A cookery book contains recipes and

situation. A triumph may be short-lived and 2.14.

Unit 3 Danger – Bears

5. We know that the men arrived 40 minutes 3.6.

Mrs Rosenberg: Hello. Is that Mark?

8. flared up angrily, drop her plan, living in the 3.8.

very much under her thumb. Grammar:

14. The camera was too expensive for me to buy.

blocking the road. have to reduce to 100–150 words. We can use as

Unit 4 Tiger Gets an Education

b) memorised – learnt by heart

Punctuation: using the full stop

4. One type of food that contains an extract of fish have to carry!

4.7. 7. you’re 9. he’s 11. she’ll

2. was being counted 4.9.

Unit 5 A Foggy Night

Exercise 3 p58 4. The expression means ‘all types of daring acts’.

Not long ago, a ship ran ashore when its captain

4. He or she investigates to find out whether a 5.9.

7. familiar, normal, traditional

8. restricted, small, tiny

Exercise 6 p63 Exercise 9

line 3: a change of time and place 2. causing dispute or argument

cinema and is now about to go home. 4. well known as a bad person

3. hot water: 12. a red herring:

a) tasting like sugar

Unit 6 The Corn Thief

1. It means ‘type of work’ and refers to growing

2. a) is; b) are 8. a) is; b) are

A 1. B 3. A 5. B 7. B 5. a) are; b) is 11. a) are, are; b) is

6.9. 2. My cousin pointed at the plane which was just

Exercise 6 p77 here every month are an important part of the

Exercise 7 p78 Exercise 9 p80

6.13. 4. He is appreciative of it and welcomes it.

chilly weather. ‘groaning’, ‘dull’, ‘cold as stone’, ‘dark figures’,

A 1. C 3. A 5. A 4. river +4 14. diet 0

1. The first headline presents the policeman in an Grammar:

not a thief but this does not really matter. We swept

7.7. above notes contain 33 words, so I cannot add very

6. we cooked the food