THE RECORDS OF A

WEATHER-EXPOSED SKELETON

OLLOWING the example of the ancient priest1 who is

F said to have travelled thousands of miles caring naught
for his provisions and attaining the state of sheer ecstasy
under the pure beams of the moon, I left my broken house
on the River S1,1mida in the August of the first year of
Jyokyo' among the wails of the au~umn wind.
Determined to fall
A weather-exposed skeleton
I cannot help the sclre wind
Blowing through ,l,y heart.
I
After ten autumns!
In Edo, my mind
Points back to it
As my native place.
I crossed the barrier-gate of Ha~one on a rainy day. All
the mountains ~:r: ::~ly buriedjbehind the clouds.

It was fun
Not to see Mount Fuji
In foggy rain.
On this journey, I am accom anied by a young man
named Chiri, 3 who kindly assume~the position of a servant
and renders what help he can for l y benefit along the way.
51
 Basho The Records of a Wenther-exposed Skeleton

He is a man of true affection, and trustworthy enough to be The day I wanted to cross the River Ci, it rained from
called a friend in need. morning till night, and I was held up by the swollen river.

A long rainy day of autumn,

I left my master's house
My friends in Edo ;
In Fukagawa,
Are perhaps counting the days,
Leaving its Basho tree
Thinking of us at the River L>i. 5
In the care of Mount Fuji. Writte11 by Chiri
Writtm by Chiri
As I was plodding along the·River Fuji, I saw a small A scene before my eyes:
child, hardly three years of age, crying pitifully on the bank,
Roses of Sharon
obviously abandoned by his parents. They must have
At the roadside
thought this child was unable to ride through the stormy
Perishing one after ail.other
waters oflife which run as wild as the rapid river itself, and
In the mouth of a hdrse.
that he was destined to have a life even shorter than that of
I
the morning dew. The child looked to me as fragile as the I travelled a few miles on horseback, half-asleep, with my
flowers of bush-clover that scatter at the slightest stir of the whip swinging by my side, exa~tly in the manner of the
autumn wind, and it was so pitiful that I gave him what Chinese Poet, Toboku. 6 There o/as an aged moon faintly
little food I had with me. hanging in the sky while the foot of the mountains was
dark as a hollow. It was a bit t6o early even for the first
The ancient poet cock-crow, but my dreams wJere suddenly interrupted
Who pitied monkeys for their cries,
when my horse came to the steep precipice of Sayo-no-
What would he say, ifhe saw
This child crying in the autumn wind?•
nakayama. I
Half-asleep on horse back
How is it indeed that this child has been reduced to this I saw as if in a dreanl
state of utter misery? Is it because of his mother who ig- A distant moon and line of smoke
nored him, or because of his father who abandoned him? For the morning tea I
Alas, it seems to me that this child's undeserved suffering
has been caused by something far greater and more massive I went down to Ise where I sJ nt ten days with a friend _
- by what one might call the irresistible will of heaven. If it named Fubaku.7 I visited the out9r shrine oflse one evening
is so, child, you must raise your voice to heaven, and I must
pass on, leaving you behind.
52
the shadow, and the lights
53
f
01
just before dark. The first gate the shrine was standing in
ere glimmering in the
 Basho The Records of a Weather-exposed Skeltton
background. As I stood there, lending my ears to the roar I visited a poet at his hermitage.
of pine trees upon distant mountains, I felt moved deep in
the bottom of my heart. An ivy spray
Trained up over the wall
In the utter darkness
And a few bamboos
Of a moonless night,
Inviring a tempest.
A powerful wind embraces
The ancient cedar trees. 8 At last I reached my native village in the beginning of
I do not wear a single piece of ~eta! on my belt, nor do September, but I could not find a single trace of the herbs
I carry anything but a sack on my shoulder. My head is my mother used to grow in front of her room. The herbs
~lean shaven, and I have a string of beads in my hand. I am must have been completely bitten away by the frost.
mdeed dressed like a priest, but priest I am not, for the dust Nothing remained the same in my native village. Even the
of the world still clings to me. The keeper of the inner faces of my brothers had changed with wrinkles and white
shrine prevented me from entering the holy seat of the god hair, and we simply rejoiced to see each other alive. My
because my appearance was like a Buddhist priest. eldest brother took out a small amulet bag, and said to me
At the bottom of the valley where the ancient Poet, as he opened it, 'See your mother[s frosty hairs. You are
Saigyo, 9 is said to have erected his hermitage, there was a like Urashima 11 whose hair was ~urned white upon his
stream and a woman was washing potatoes. opening a miracle box.' After remaining in tears for a few
The Poet Saigyo
moments, I wrote: ·· I
Would have written a poem Should I hold them in my hand,
Even for the woman They will disappea~
Washing potatoes.•o In the warmth of iny tears,
Icy strings of frost &2
Towards the end of the day I stopped at a small tea house, 1
where a young woman named Butterfly handed me a small . Crossing over to the c~~try ofly ~mato, we came to a
piece of white silk and asked me to write a poem choosing village called Takenouchi m the province ofKatsuge. This
her name as the subject. is where my companion Chiri was born.We spent several
days resting our tired feet.
A Butterfly
Poised on a tender orchid, There was a house deeply burie in a bamboo thicket.
How sweetly the incense Sweet as a lute
Burns on its wings. Falls on my cars,
54 ss
 Basho The Records of a Weather-exposed Skeleton
The plucking of a cotton bow Hear its sound,
In a dark bamboo recess. My dear temple wife. 14

I s~w a huge pine tree, probably over a thousand years The grassy hermitage of Saigyo was about two hundred
old, m the garden of the Taima Temple at the foot of yards behind the innermost temple of Yoshino. It was
Mount Futagami. The trunk was large enough to hold a separated by a steep valley and approachable only by a
bull. As I stood in front of this tree, I felt a strange sense of narrow trail covered with leaves. The famed spring was
awe and respect, for, though the tree itself was a cold sense- just as it had been when the poet described it, shedding its
less object, it had survived the punishment of an axe for so clear drops of water with a drip-drop sound.
many years under the divine protection of Buddha.
I like to wash,
How many priests By way of experiment,
How many morning glories The dust of this world
Have perished under the pine In the droplets of dew.•s
!
Eternal as law?
If Hakui16 had escaped fro mi his wicked king and come
I wandered all by myself into the heart of the mountains to Japan, he would have certairtly cleansed his mouth with
ofYoshino. White masses of clouds were piled up over the the water of this spring, andl similarly, if Kyoyii17 had
peaks, and all the valleys were filled with smoky rain. Tiny heard about this spring, he w ~uld have come all the way
houses of woodcutters were scattered along the mountain to wash his defiled ears. When ~ finally decided to descend
sides, and the sound of an axe on the western slope was the mountain, the late afternoon sun of autumn was pour-
echoed by the mountains on the east. The bells from various f
ing its almost level light, so skipped all other famous
places and went directly to tl;te mausoleum of Emperor
temples st_ruck deep to the innermost part of my being.
~ny ancient poets had chosen to live among these moun-
tains, completely isolated from the rest of the world. It was
Godaigo. 1s I
The weedy grass
only natural for them to compare these mountains with Called reminiscence
Mount Rozan•J in China. Reminiscent of tlie bygone days
I lodged at an annex of a certain temple. In the utter In front of the i usoleum. •o
silence of the night I wrote :
I travelled through the provinces·of Yamato and Yama-
Beat your fulling block, shiro, and entered the provinc! of Mino by way of Orni.
And let me at least
Passing through the mountait ous villages of Imasu and
56
571
 Basho The Records of a WeatheHxposed Skeleton
Yamanaka, I went to see the tomb of Lady Tokiwa, the 20
Tired of sleeping on a grass pillow, I went down to the
ill-fated mistress of the wicked Lord Yoshitomo.21 Mori- seashore before break of day.
take,22 a keeper of the Ise Shrine, must have seen a resem-
blance between Lord Yoshitomo and the cold wind raging Early dawn, \
Young white fish
around the tomb when he compared the two in one of his 1
Shining in ephemeral white,
poems. I, too, wrote :
Hardly an inch Ion~.
The autumn wind,
Resembling somewhat I went to see the Atsuta Shrine, but it had been reduced
The frozen heart to utter ruins. Walls had crumbled and dry grasses were
Of Lord Yoshitomo. standing among the fallen blocks. There were ropes, here
and there, showing the sites of\ the extinct shrines, and
I visited the barrier-gate of Fuwa. stones engraved with the names of the gods once enshrined
Thickets, fields, therein. A shock of brown sage-brush and overgrown
And all else that is, 'reminiscence' gave me an - inipression not altogether
Were once the gate of Fuwa - pleasing but strangely lasting. \
The autumn wind blows.

I spent a night in Ogaki as a guest of the Poet Bokuin."

Indeed I have come a long way since I left my house in
Are dead,
I bought and ate
I
Even the weedy retniniscences

Some rice-cake at an inn.

Musashino, determined to become a weather-exposed
skeleton. On my way through Nago;a, r' here crazy Chikusai24 is
Still alive I am
said to have practised quackery an poetry, I wrote:
At the end of a long dream
On my journey, With a bit of rnaddess in me,
Fall of an autumn day. Which is poetry, J
I plod along like Chikusai
I visited the Honto Temple in Kuwana. Among the wails o the wind.25
Mid-winter peonies Sleeping on a grass pillow
And a distant plover singing, I hear now and the
Did I hear a cuckoo The nocturnal bark of a dog
In the snow? In the passing rain.
58 59
 1I
I
I
Basho The Records .of a Weather-exposed Skeleton
I went to a snow-viewing party.
On my way to Nara, I wrote:
Gladly will I sell It is spring,
For profit, Even nameless hills
Dear merchants of the town, Are decorated j·
My hat laden with snow. With thin films of morning mist.
I

I saw a traveller on my way. I visited the Nigatsudo Temple, at the time of its cere-
Even a horse mony.
Is a spectacle, Water-drawing ceremony,27
I cannot help stopping to see it The wooden clogs of the priests
On the morning of snow.
I spent the whole afternoon at the beach.
Beat against
The icy floor of the 1·
I
I went up to Kyoto, where I ~ited Mitsui Shiifii28 at his
Over the darkened sea,
house by the Narutaki waterfall. There was a plum
Only the voice of a flying duck
orchard. J
Is visible - Blanket of white plur,
In soft white. 2 6 I wonder what happened to the cranes,
The end of the year came, while I was thus travelling Stolen or hidden j
here and there. Behind the plum blo soms?

With a hat on my head A sturdy oak

In the plum orchard,
And straw sandals on my feet,
I met on the road Totally indifferent
The end of the year. To the blossoms.

Yet I reached my house in my native village in time to I visited the Priest Ninko29 a Saiganji Temple in the
welcome the new year. village of Fushimi. I
Whose bridegroom may it be? Shed your tears of jor
I see a cow On my sleeves, I.
Loaded with rice-cake and green fem Peach blossoms of FQShimi,
In the year of the cow.
On this day of reunil n.
6o 61
 Basho The Records of a Weather-exposed Skeleton
I crossed a mountain on my way to Otsu. A priest from Hiru-ga-kojima in the country oflzu, who
had been travelling by himself since the autumn of the
I picked my way previous year, heard about me and wanted to enjoy my
Through a mountain road, ., company. He followed me all the way into the country of
And I was greeted Owari, where he finally caught up with me.
By a smiling violet.
I Together let us eat
I

A distant view of Lake Biwa:

II Ears of wheat,
Sharing at night .
Far and distant, l
Lighter than cherry blossoms, A grass pillow.
I
Floating like a mirage,
This priest told me that Daiten,32 the chief priest of the
The pine tree of Karasaki.
Engakuji Temple, had died this January. It was such a sur-
I stopped at a .certain shop for lunch. prise that I could hardly belie+ my ears. I wrote a quick
letter to Kikaku,33 relating the news.
A branch of wild azalea
Thrown into a bucket, Reminiscent of tJ e plum
Behind, a woman tearing Scattered beyond! recall,
The meat of a dried codfish. 30 I pay homage to a white rmohana
With my tearful !eyes.
A roadside scene:
A poem given to Tokoku: 3•1
Wild sparrows
In a patch of yellow rape, Fluttering butterfly
Pretending to admire On a white pop$',
The flowers. He would wrest his wings
For a token oflor e.
I met an old friend of mine31 at Minakuchi, after twenty
years of separation. I stopped again at the house 1f my friend, Toyo, ,s on my
way home. I left the followin~ r oem at the time of my de-
A lively cherry
parture from his house, bound for the eastern provinces.
In full bloom
Between the two lives Having sucked J ep
Now made one. In a sweet peon1
62 63
 Basho
A bee creeps
Out of its hairy recesses.36
A VISIT TO
On my way through the country of Kai, I stopped at an
isolated inn in the mountains. THE KASHIMA SHRINE

I
What a luxury it is I
For a travelling horse
V
ISITING the Suma Beach on 1the night o~ the ~utu'.1111al
To feed on the wheat full moon, Teishitsu, 1 a po t from Kyoto, 1s said to
At a hospitable inn! have written, · .
1
I reoched home at long last towards the end of April.
After several days of rest, I wrote:

Shed of everything else,

I Crouching under a pine
I watched the full moon,
Pondering all night long
On the sorrow ofChiinagon. 2
I still have some lice
I picked up on the road - I I
Having for some time cherished iin my mind the memory

I
\ Crawling on my summer robes. of this poet, I wandered out on to the road at last one day
this past autumn, possessed by ab irresistible desire to see
the rise of the full moon over the hiountains of the Kashima
t Shrine. I was accompanied by twb men. One was a master-
l
I less youth and the other was a wl ndering priest. The latter
was clad in a robe black as a cro* , with a bundle of sacred
t.
t i stoles around his neck and on his ~ack a portable shrine con-
taining a holy image of the But ha-after-enlightenment.
This priest, brandishing his long s aff, stepped into the road,
ahead of all the others, as ifhe ha a free pass to the World

1 beyond the Gateless Gate. I, too, was clad in a black robe,

but neither a priest nor an ordin, man of this world was
1
I, for I wavered ceaselessly like bat that passes for a bird
at one time and for a mouse at another. We got on a boat
near my house and sailed to the town of Gyotoku, where,
landing from our boat, we pr1ceeded without hiring a
65
 Notes Notes
by Seisho who is better known as Teishitsu (1610-73) and the Th.is wooden door
second is by Teitoku (1571-1653). Under the winter moon.
13 . This linked verse is by Soin and his disciples. It is commonly 22. Kyorai (1651-170-4) was a native of Nagasaki, whose im-
known as Danrin Toppyak14 In. The starting piece is by Soin (1605- portance as a disciple of Basho is probably second only to Kikaku.
82), the second by Sessai, the third by Zaishiki (1643-1719), and the A collection of his critical essays entitled Kyorai Slio is the most im-
fourth by Ittetsu. portant source for Basho's ideas on poetry. The style of his poetry is
14. Hardly anything is known about this poet.
probably best represented by the followjng poem:
15. This linked verse is taken from Edo Ryogin. The starting piece is
by Basho, the second by Shinsho who is better known as Sodo (1642- Under the cherry
1716), the third again by Shinshii, and the fourth by Basho. Flower guards have assembled
16. Sampii (1647-1732) was a rich merchant in Edo, and acted in To chatter -
many ways as a financial supporter of Basho. He was a good poet Their hoary heads together.
I
himself, whose style may be best represented by the following poem.
23 . Kyorai. This passage is taken from Kyorai Slio.
Blinded by the glimmer 2-4. This passage, like the preceding one, is taken from Kyorai Slio.
Of the spade I am, The linked verse quoted here is taken from Izayoi Shu edited by
As a farmer wields it Ginboku. The fint poem is by Ryiiko and the second by Shigenari.
In a spring field. 25. This linked verse, taken from sak Mino, is entitled 'The First
Shower of Winter' (' Hatsu Shigure '). Tjte starting piece is by Kyorai,
17. Buccho (1643-1715) was the head priest of the Komp01tji
Temple, twenty-first in descent from the founder. Basho practised the second by Basho, the third by Bonchii (?-171-4), the fourth by
Zen under his guidance at the Chokeiji Temple in Edo during the Fwniyuki, the fifth by Basho, and th9 .I th by Kyorai.
years ofEmpo and Tenna (1673-84). 26. The disciple's name is Shiko. · passage is taken from his Oi
18. Rokuso Gohei (dates unknown) was one of the pupils of
Ni/e/,i.
Buccho in Zen. 27. Buson (1716-83) is known as a pr · ter as well as a haiku poet.
19. This linked verse, taken from F11y11 no Hi, is entitled 'the Wails The illustrations in the text are his. .
of the Wind' ('Kogarashi') . The starting piece is by Basho, the
second by Yasui (1658-1743), the third by Kakei (1648-1716), and
the fourth by Jugo (1654-1717).
20. The disciple's name is Shiko (1665-1731). This passage is taken
* 1.
THE RECORDS OF A WEATHE -EXPOSED SKELETON
Bash-o IS. re1emng
r. • I
to Komon (Kuang-wen), a Chinese priest of'
from Kuz11 110 Mats11bara, a collection of his critical essays.
21. The disciple's name is Kikaku (1661-1707), probably the most
the Nansung dynasty (u27-1279). ~ I poem describing a state of
ecs~s~ is collected in Koko Fugetsu Sh (Clliang-hu Fbig-yueh Chi).
important of Basho's disciples. He is well known for the masculine
A similar state of ecstasy is also recor by Soshi (Chuang Tzu).
sharpness of his wit and his habit of drinking. His style is probably
2. I 68-4. All the dates in the text, incl · g months and seasons, arc
best represented by the following poem:
to be interpreted in the light of the old unar calendar in use during
Locked firmly the lifetime of Basho, in which Januacy began roughly one month
By a heavy bar - later than it does in the present calendar In the same way, the units of
150 ISi
 Notes
distance used in the text refer to Japanese units. A mile, for example,
. Notes
12. This haiku is in the irregular form of eight-seven-five.
is a Japanese mile, which is approximately two British miles. 13. Rozan or Lii-shan is a body of mountains in the Kiangsi
3. Chiri (1648-1716), a native of Yamato (Nara Prefecture), lived province in China. Many poets sought seclusion in these mountains,
most of his life in Asakusa in the city ofEdo (Tokyo). among them Hui-yiian (334-,p6) and Po Chii-i (772-846).
4. This l1aik11 is in the irregular form of seven-seven-five. 14. This haiku is in the irregular form of six-<:ight-five.
5. This l,aiku is in the irregular form of seven-dght-five. 15. This haiku is in the irregular fo; m of six-cight-five.
6. Tohoku or Tu Mu (803-52) is a Chinese poet of the late Tang 16. Hakui or Po-i is an ancient sage of China. He advised Wu-
dynasty. Basho is referring to his poem entitled 'Early Morning wang of the Chou dynasty not to murder Chou-wang of the Yin
Departure'. dynasty for it was against the principle of loyalty, but, his advice
7. Fiibaku (dates unknown) was a haiku poet in Ise (Mie Prefec- ignored, he sought complete seclusion in the mountains.
ture). His teacher Issho (1643-1707), a physician in Edo, probably 17. Kyoyii or Hsu Yu is an ancient hermit of China. When Em-
gave Basho a letter ofintroduction. peror Yao said he would give him his kingdom, he fled at once and
8. This haiku is in the irregular form of seven-seven-five. washed out his ears in the water of thf River Ying Shui.
9. Saigyo (1118-90) is an outstanding nature poet of the late Heian 18. Godaigo (1288-1339) was the .n inety-sixth emperor ofJapan.
period. He started his life as a minor samurai in the court of He died in the mountains ofYoshinoiafter a stormy life.
ex-Emperor Toba (no3-56), but at the age of twenty-three, he 19. This haiku is in the irregular ( orm of eight-seven-five. The
suddenly abandoned both the court and his family, and lived as a Japanese name of the weed 'reminiscence' is shinobu, whose Latin
wandering poet for the rest of his life. Frequent references to him by name is da,,al/ia bullata. j
Basho throughout the travel sketches reveal that Basho always took 20. Lady Tokiwa (dates unknown) was the ill-fated mistress of
him as a model in life and poetry. To quote just one poem from his Minarnoto-no-Yoshitomo (sec beJo.J..), mother of Yoshitsune. She
anthology, Sanka Shu : is said to have been murdered by a band of robbers while on her way
My sincere hope is from Kyoto to the eastern provinces Jfter her husband's death.
To leave the world in spring 21. Minarnoto-no-Yoshitomo (nk3-6o) fought against his own

Under the blooming cherry - father and killed him in the Battle o! Hogen in II 56, but suffered a
serious defeat in the Battle of Hciji ought two years after and was

It
In February, if possible,
On the eve of the full moon. murdered in flight. -

This hope of his was, i; fact, realized, for he died on February the
sixteenth in 1190.
r
22. :'1-oritake (1473_-1549), a priest of the lse Shrine, is one of the
early mnovators of linked verse of lower order. For details, sec
p. 15.
10. This haiku is in the irregular form of eighr-seven-five.
23. Bokuin (1646-1725) was a shipping agent in Ogaki. His poetic
II. U rashima is a legendary figure, a young fisherman who

I
style is probably best represented by the following poem:
rescues a turtle on the beach, visits the palace of a sea-goddess, stays
there for many years as her guest, and returns to find the world com-
pletely changed. His loneliness induces him to open a tamatcb~ko, a
As if to show
In dancing sprays
I
small box given him by the sea-goddess as a gift, and as a !me .of The coolness o~ summer,
smoke rises from the box, he is changed into an aged man with A water mill re olves.
hoary hair.
152 ISJ
 Notes
Notes
24. Chikusai is the hero of a comic story by that name, attributed
3. Sec note 13 to The Records ofa Weatlier-exposed Sktltton.
to Karasuma Mitsuhiro (1579-1638). Chikusai is a quack more ex-
4. Ransetsu (16,S4-1707) was a minor samurai in Eda, known for his
perienced in provoking laughter than in medicine.
extremely carefree manner of living. His poetic style is probably
25. This haiku is in the irregular form of eight-seven-five.
best represented by the following poem he wrote shortly before his
26. This haiku is in the irregular form of five-five-seven. death :
27. The water-drawing ceremony or Omizutori is performed in
A single leaf -
February at Todaiji in Nara. The water drawn at this mid-winter
Just a single leaf h~s fallen,
ceremony is believed to have a mystical power of purification.
And was swept away breathless
28. ShiifU (1646-1717) was a rich merchant in Kyoto. His villa at
By a gust of wild wind.
Narutaki was a favourite haunt of the poets.
29. NinkO (16o6-86), better known as the priest HOyo, was the s. Yamatotakeru (dates unknown) was an ancient prince ofJapan,
third head priest of the Saiganji Temple. noted for chivalric valour. He is believed to be the son of Emperor
30. This haiku is in the irregular form of six-eight-five. Keiko, the twelfth emperor of Japan. Basho is referring to the
31. Basho is referring to Toho (1657-1730), a native oflga (Mie following poem of his recorded in Kojiki.
Prefecture). whose collection of critical essays entitled SanzOshi is an ' nights
important source for Basho's ideas on poetry. How many days and
Have we slept on the road
32. Daiten (1621>-85) was the hundred and sixty-thitd head priest
Since we left bchirid
of the Engakuji Temple in Kamakura. Kikaku practised Zen under
his guidance. Niibari and Mount Tsukuba? Yamatotaltuu
33 . See note 21 to Introduction. I
If I remember aright
3•- Tokoku (?-1690), a merchant in Nagoya. was a special Nine nights we hat e slept
favourite of Basho among his disciples. His early death was bitterly And ten days we !Jve toiled
deplored by Basho. Travelling on the rbad. An old man
35 . TOyO (?-1712) was an inn-keeper in Atsuta.

END L 36. This haiku is in the irregular form of fivo--<:ight--<:ight. 6. The first anthology oflinkcd,versc wa, published in 1356 by .
Nijo Yoshimoto (1320-88) under the title of Tsukuba Shu.
A VISIT TO THE X.ASHIMA SHRINE 7. Tachibana-no-Tamcnaka (?-1b8s) is a poet of the late Heian
period. This episode of his is rccorh.ed in MumyOshO by Kamo-no-
I. Teishitsu (1610-73), a merchant in KyOto, was a disciple of
Teitolcu. He is the editor of Gyokkai ShU. Chomei (~~53-1216). . _ j
2. Chiinagon is a popular name of Arihara-no-Yukihira (818-93). 8. ~asho JS ref~mng to Sezshonagt n. The story ofher dis.appoint-

l
ment 1s recorded m her Makura-no-S, sh,:
Tcishitsu is referring to his famous poem :
9. TO.sci is B~hO'i earlier pen name., Seep. 23.
Should anyone ask you
10. Sor~ (1641>-~7ro), a native of fhinano (Nagano Prefccnu-c),
Where I could be,
accomparued Basho not only on the i,,resent trip but also on the
Tell him I am all by myself
joum~y of T!te N~"o111 Road lo_ the D :-f'p No~t~,. His ZuiltO Ki il of
Shedding salt teats by the salt farms
pat importance Jn the an.alysis of fict1tJous dements in the
On the Suma Beach. t ofBashO's travel sketches.

1S4 155