Program Cemerlang Kimia SPM

Modul Pengukuhan Konsep Kimia

Modul Cemerlang Kimia

SPM 2022
Kandungan Modul ;
Kemahiran Asas
Analisis Item Kertas2 SPM
Kimia SPM 2022 Bhg A : Formula dan persamaan kimia
Bhg B : Konsep mol
1. Format SPM 2022 2. Teknik jawab Bhg C : Penyelesaian masalah berangka
umum Bab D : Soalan lazim
3. Kata kunci soalan & jawapan
SPM Format KSSM 2022
Format Penataran SPM

Analisis Item K2 SPM 2021

Item Analysis P2 SPM 2021

Konstruk Bahagian Bahagian Bahagian

Construct Section A Section B Section C
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
(5m) (5m) (6m) (7m) (8m) (9m) (10m) (10m) (20m) (20m) (20m)
Mengetahui (15m) / / / / / / / / / / /
Knowledge
Memahami (15m) / / / / / / / / / / /
Understand
Mengaplikasi (32m) / / / / / / / / /
Applying
Menganalisis (25m) / / / / / / /
Analyse
Menilai /Reka cipta (13m) / / /
Evaluate / Design
Markah 60 % 20% 20%

Bahagian 1 : Formula dan Persamaan Kimia

Section 1 : Formulae and Chemical Equation

Latihan 1.1 : Formula kimia bagi sebatian ion lazim / The chemical formula Ionic compound
Kation Anion 1. Natrium klorida 9. Zink klorida
K+ Sodium chloride Zinc chloride
Na + F- 2. Natrium oksida 10. Zink nitrat
Ca2+ Sodium oxide Zinc nitrate
SO2- 4
Mg2+ 3. Magnesium klorida 11. Plumbum(II) klorida
NO- 3 Magnesium chloride Lead(II) chloride
Al 3+
Zn2+ Cl- 4. Magnesium sulfat 12. Plumbum(II) sulfat
Magnesium sulphate Lead(II) sulphate
Fe2+ Br-
Sn2+ 5. Argentum nitrat 13. Kalsium karbonat
I- Silver nitrate Calcium carbonate
Pb2+
OH- 6. Kuprum(II) nitrat 14. Plumbum(II) iodida
H+ Copper(II) nitrate Lead(II) iodide
Cu2+ 7. Kuprum(II) klorida 15. Barium sulfat
Ag + CO32- Copper(II) chloride Barium sulphate
Ba2+ 8. Ferum(III) oksida 16. Kalium oksida
NH+4 O2- Iron(III) oxide Potassium oxide

Latihan 1.2 : Formula bagi asid,H+ dan alkali, OH- lazim / Formulas for acid, H+ and alkali, OH- are common

1. Asid hidroklorik 2. Asid nitrik 3. Natrium hidroksida

Hydrochloric acid Nitric acid Sodium hidrokside
4. Asid sulfurik 5. Asid etanoik 6. Kalium hidroksida
Asid sulphuric Ethanoic acid Potassium hydroxide

1 | @azemigckimia 22
 Program Cemerlang Kimia SPM
Modul Pengukuhan Konsep Kimia
Latihan : Sebatian molekul lazim / Molecule compound are common

1. Klorin 2. Iodin 3. Hidrogen 4. Sulfur dioksida

Chlorine Iodine Hydrogen Sulphur dioxide
5. Bromin 6. Oksigen 7. Nitrogen 8. Air
Bromine Oxygen Nitrogen Water
9. Ammonia 10. Air 11. Hidrogen klorida 12. Karbon dioksida
Ammonia Water Hydrogen chloride Carbon dioxide

Latihan 1.3 : Tulis persamaan kimia. Seimbangkan

Write the chemical equation. Balance

1. Natrium + klorin ⎯→ natrium klorida

Sodium chlorine sodium chloride
2. Kalium + oksigen ⎯→ Kalium oksida
Potassium oxygen potassium oxide
3. Magnesium + oksigen ⎯→ magnesium oksida
Magnesium oxygen magnesium oxide
4. Ferum + klorin ⎯→ ferum(III) klorida
Iron chlorine iron(III) chloride
5. Magnesium + asid hidroklorik ⎯→ magnesium klorida + hidrogen
Magnesium hydrochloric acid magnesium chloride hydrogen

6. Zink + kuprum(II) nitrat ⎯→ zink nitrat + kuprum

Zinc copper(II) nitrate zink nitrate copper
7. Natrium hidroksida + asid hidroklorik ⎯→ natrium klorida + air
Natrium hydroxide hydrochloric acid sodium chloride water

8. Argentum nitrat + natrium klorida ⎯→ argentum klorida + natrium nitrat

Silver nitrate sodium chloride silver chloride sodium nitrate

Bahagian B : Konsep Mol

Section B : Mole Concept

Latihan 2.1
MOL
Bilangan zarah = mol,n x pemalar Avogadro, NA Jisim bahan = mol x jisim molar Isi padu gas = mol x isi padu molar
Zarah ; atom/molekul / ion Jisim molar = JAR/JMR/JFR isi padu molar ; STP = 22.4 dm3
Suhu bilik = 24 dm3

 3 formula mol asas  Pengiraan atom dalam molekul

Bil Jisim Vg
Zarah Mass Isi padu
Jisim molar
MOL NA MOL MOL Isi padu
(Jar/jmr/jfr)
molar,Vm

Latihan 2.2 : Lengkapkan perkaitan di bawah

Complete the relationship below.
Jisim oksigen = Bilangan mol oksigen x
Mass of oksigen Number of moles of oxygen

Isi padu oksigen = Bilangan mol oksigen x

Volume of oksigen Number of moles of oxygen
[ 2markah]

2 | @azemigckimia 22
 Program Cemerlang Kimia SPM
Modul Pengukuhan Konsep Kimia
Latihan 2.3 : Pengiraan mol berdasarkan jenis zarah (NA = 6.02 x 1023)
Calculation of moles based on particle type
Bil Jenis zarah Hitungkan ...... Langkah pengiraan
(atom/molekul/ion) Calculate Calculation steps
1. 0.1 mol magnesium bilangan atom magnesium 0.1 x NA x .........
0.1 mol magnesium number of magnesium atom
2 2.0 mol karbon bilangan molekul karbon dioksida
dioksida, CO2 number of carbon dioxide molecule
2.0 mol carbon dioxide Bilangan atom karbon
Number of carbon atom
Bilangan atom oksigen
Number of oxygen atom
Bilangan atom
Number of atom
3. 0.5 mol natrium oksida, Bilangan ion
0.5 mol sodium oxide Number of ions
Na2O Bilangan ion natrium
Number of sodium ion
Bilangan ion oksida
Number of oxide ion

Soalan 2.4
1.Berapakah bilangan ion nitrat, NO-3 dalam 2 mol ferum(III) 2.Sebiji belon mengandungi 6.02 x 1023 zarah gas.
nitrat, Fe(NO3)3? Berapakah bilangan mol gas itu dalam belon tersebut?
What is the number of nitrate ions, NO-3 in 2 mol of iron (III) A balloon contains 6.02 x 1023 of gas particle.
nitrate, Fe(NO3)3? What is the number of moles of the gas in the balloon?
[Pemalar Avogadro = 6.02 x 1023 mot¹] [SPM07-03]
[Avogadro constant = 6.02 x 1023 mol-¹] A 0.5 mol B 1.0 mol C 3.0 mol D 6.0 mol
[SPM16-48]
A 1.204 x 1024 B 1.806 x 1024
C 3.010 x 1024 D 3.612 x 1024

3.Berapakah bilangan atom dalam 0.5 mol gas ammonia, NH3? 4.Berapakah bilangan molekul dalam 1 mol ammonia, NH3?
[Pemalar Avogadro/ Avogadro constant = 6.02 x 1023 mol ¹] What is the number of molecules in 1 mole of ammonia, NH3?
What is the number of atoms in 0.5 mol of ammonia gas, NH3? [Pemalar Avogadro /Avogadro constant = 6.0 X 10²3 mol-¹]
[SPM11-35] [SPM04-37]
A. 6.02 x 1023 B. 0.5 x 6 02 x 1023 A. 1.5 x 1023 molecules B. 6.0 x 1023 molecules
C. 0.5 x 2 x 6-02 x 1023 D. 0.5 x 4 x 6-02 x 1023 C. 1.2 x 1024 molecules D. 2.4 x 1024 molecules

5.Berapakah bilangan atom nitrogen dalam 40.0 g NH4NO3? 6.Berapakah jisim oksigen dalam 88 g karbon dioksida? What is
What is the number of nitrogen atoms in 40.0g of NH4NO3 ? the mass of oxygen in 88 g of carbon dioxide?
[Pemalar Avogadro = 6.02 x 1023 mot¹; Jisim molar NH4NO3 = [Relative atomic mass /Jisim atom relatif C = 12, 0=16]
80 g mot'] [SPM14-44]
[Avogadro's constant = 6.02×1023 mol ¹: molar mass of
NH4NO3=80 gmol-¹] 16 g 32 g 50 g 64 g
[SPM13-49]

A. 6.02×1023 B. 3.01×1023 C. 2.41×1023 D. 1.51×1023

Soalan 2.5
1.Berapakah bilangan mol kuprum(II) nitrat dalam 56.4 g 2. 0.58 g bahan perisa digunakan untuk memperbaik rasa
kuprum(II) nitrat, Cu(NO3)2? sebiji kek nanas.
[Relative atomic mass /Jisim atom relatif: O=16, Cu=64, N=14] Berapakah bilangan molekul bahan perisa itu?
What is the number of moles of copper(II) nitrate in 56.4g of 0.58 g flavouring substance is used to improve the taste of
copper(II) nitrate, Cu(NO3)2? pineapple cake.
[SPM08-38] What is the number of molecules of the flavouring substance?
A. 0.30 mol B. 0.32 mol C. 0.45 mol D. 3.33 mol [Jisim molekul relatif bahan perisa = 116 g mot¹; Pemalar Avogadro
= 6-02 x 1023 mot¹]
[RAM of flavouring substances = 116 gmol¹; Avogadro constant =
3.Berapakah bilangan molekul 150 cm³ karbon dioksida, CO₂ pada 6-02 x 1023 mol-¹]
[SPM12-40]
keadaan bilik?
How many molecules are there in 150 cm³ of carbon dioxide, CO2
A 8.31 x 10-27 B 3.32 x 10-27 C 3.01 x 1021 D 1.20 x 1026
at room conditions?
[Pemalar Avogadro: 6.02 X 1023 mol-1; Isipadu molar gas, 24 dm³ mot¹ pada
keadaan bilik]
[Avogadro's constant, 6.02 X 1023 mol 1; Molar volume of gas, 24 dm³ mol-
¹ at room conditions]
[SPM09-48]
A. 3.76 x 1021 B 3.76 x 1024 C 9.63 x 1022 D. 9.63 x 1021
3 | @azemigckimia 22
 Program Cemerlang Kimia SPM
Modul Pengukuhan Konsep Kimia
Soalan 2.6
 Berapakah bilangan atom dalam 0.5 mol gas ammonia? Berapakah jisim oksigen dalam 88 g karbon dioksida? SPM14
What is the number of atoms in 0.5 mol of ammonia gas? What is the mass of oxygen in 88 g of carbon dioxide?

[1.204x024] [64g]

Soalan 2.7 : Formula empirik / Empirical formula

Nyatakan maksud Huraian
State the meaning of Description
a) Jisim atom relatif sesuatu Berapa kali satu atom unsur itu lebih besar daripada satu per dua belas jisim satu atom karbon-12
unsur Relative atomic mass How many times one atom of that element is greater than one twelfth of the mass of one carbon-
of an element 12 atom
b) Formula empirik Formula yang menunjukkan nisbah teringkas atom-atom setiap unsur dalam suatu sebatian.
Empirical formula A formula that shows the condensed ratio of the atoms of each element in a compound.
c) Formula molekul Formula yang menunjukkan bilangan sebenar atom-atom bagi setiap unsur yang terdapat di
Molecular formula dalam molekul sebatian.
A formula that shows the actual number of atoms for each element found in a molecule of a
compound.

Soalan 2.8
Jadual 2 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen yang dijalankan Kira bilangan mol kuprum dalam tindak balas ini.
oleh seorang pelajar. Calculate the number of moles of copper in this reaction.
Table 2 shows the results of an experiment carried out by a [Jisim atom relatif /Relative atomic mass: Cu = 64]
student.

Jisim tiub pembakaran + mangkuk 30.24g

porselain Kira bilangan mol oksigen dalam tindak balas ini.
Mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish Calculate the number of moles of oxygen in this reaction.
Jisim tiub pembakaran + mangkuk 32.26g [Jisim atom relatif /Relative atomic mass : O = 16]
porselain + kuprum(II) oksida
Mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish
+ copper (II) oxide
Jisim tiub pembakaran + mangkuk 31.86g tentukan formula empirik kuprum(II) oksida
porselain + kuprum Determine the empirical formula of copper (II) oxide
Mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish
+ copper
Jadual / Table 2 Tuliskan persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi eksperimen ini.
Write the chemical equation for the reaction in this experiment

Soalan 2.9
Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas dalam satu eksperimen untuk Berdasarkan Jadual 2,
menentukan formula empirik bagi satu oksida kuprum. Based on Table 2,
Diagram 2 shows the apparatus set-up in an experiment to
a) Hitung jisim bagi :
determine the empirical formula for an oxide of copper.
Calculate the mass of :
Kuprum : Oksigen :
Copper Oxygen
[2 markah]

b) Hitung nisbah mol bagi atom kuprum kepada oksigen.

Calculate the ratio of moles of copper atoms to oxygen atoms.
Jadual 2 menunjukkan data diperolehi daripada eksperimen itu. [Jisim atom relatif/Relative atomic mass: Cu = 64; O = 16]
[1 markah]
Table 2 shows the data obtained from the experiment.
Penerangan Jisim (g)
Description Mass (g)
Tiub gelas 2.6 c) Apakah formula empirik bagi oksida kuprum itu?
Glass tube What is the empirical formula of the oxide of copper?
[1 markah]
Tiub gelas + oksida kuprum 6.6
Glass tube + oxide of copper
Tiub gelas + kuprum 5.8g
Glass tube + copper

4 | @azemigckimia 22
 Program Cemerlang Kimia SPM
Modul Pengukuhan Konsep Kimia
Soalan 2.10
Sekumpulan pelajar telah menjalankan eksperimen untuk 2. Berdasarkan keputusan yang diperolehi daripada eksperimen.
menentukan formula empirik magnesium oxida. Based on the result obtain from the experiment.
A group of student had carried out an experiment to
determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide. a) Kirakan jisim bagi magnesium dan jisim oksigen yang telah
bertindak balas.
Keputusan ialah Calculate the mass of magnesium and the mass of oxygen that
The result was obtained has reacted.

Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup = 29.0 g

Mass of crucible + lid b) Kirakan nisbah mol bagi atom magnesium kepada atom
oksigen.
Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup +Pita magnesium = 31.4 g Calculate the mole ratio of magnesium atoms to oxygen
Mass of crucible +lid + magnesium ribbon atoms.
(Jisim atom relatif / Relative atom mass ; O, 16 ; Mg, 24 )
Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup + magnesium oksida = 33.0g
Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium oxide
c) Tentukan formula empirik bagi magnesium oksida.
1. Apakah maksud formula empirik? Determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide.
What is meant by empirical formula?
3. Tuliskan persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi eksperimen ini.
Write the chemical equation for the reaction in this experiment.

Bahagian 3 : Penyelesaian Masalah Berangka

Section 3 : Numerical Problem Solving
Soalan 3.1

2.3 g unsur X bertindak balas lengkap dengan oksigen. (a) Hitung bilangan mol bagi unsur X
2.3 g of element X reacted completely with oxygen. Calculate the number of moles of element X.

Persamaan berikut mewakili tindak balas itu.

The following equation represents the reaction. [1 markah]
(b) Hitung jisim maksimum X₂O yang terbentuk
4X(p) + O2 (g) → 2X₂O(p) Calculate the maximum mass of X₂O formed
[2 markah]
[Jisim atom relatif / Relative atom relative. X =23, O=16]

Soalan 3.2
0.5 mol natrium bertindak balas (a) Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindak balas itu.
lengkap dengan klorin untuk Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction.
membentuk natrium klorida [2 markah]
0.5 mol of sodium reacts completely
with chlorine to form sodium chloride. (b) Hitung jisim klorin yang digunakan dalam tindak balas itu.
Calculate the mass of chlorine used in the reaction.
[Jisim atom relatif / Relative atomic mass: Cl = 35.5 ; Na = 23]
[2 markah]

Soalan 3.3

Persamaan kimia di bawah menunjukkan satu tindak balas. Hitungkan isi padu gas karbon dioksida yang dihasilkan apabila 2.67 g
The chemical equation below represents a reaction. plumbum(II) karbonat, PbCO3 ditindakbalaskan pada keadaan bilik.
Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide gas produced when 2.67 g of
PbCO3 → PbO + CO2 lead(II) carbonate, PbCO3 is reacted at room condition.
[3 markah/0.24 dm3]
[Jisim atom relatif / Relative atomic mass : C,12 :O,16 ; Pb, 207 ]
[Isi padu molar gas pada keadaan bilik
Molar gas volume at room conditions = 24 dm3 ]

5 | @azemigckimia 22
 Program Cemerlang Kimia SPM
Modul Pengukuhan Konsep Kimia
Soalan 3.4
Kalium bertindak balas dengan oksigen untuk menghasilkan kalium
oksida.
Tulis persamaan kimia dan hitung jisim bagi kalium oksida yang
terbentuk apabila 0.3 mol kalium bertindak balas dengan lengkap.
Potassium reacts with oxygen to produce potassium oxide.
Write chemical equation and calculate the mass of the product formed
when 0.3 mol of potassium reacted completely
[Jisim molar bagi kalium oksida/Molar mass of potassium oxide = 94 g mol-1]
[4 markah]

Soalan 3.5
Apabila 12.4 g pepejal CuCO3 dipanaskan dengan kuat, ia akan terurai membentuk pepejal hitam,CuO dan satu gas yang
menukarkan air kapur menjadi keruh.
When 12.4 g of solid CuCO3 is heated strongly, it will be decomposed to form black solid,CuO and a gas that turns lime water
cloudy.
1. Namakan pepejal hitam itu mengikut penamaan IUPAC. 3. Hitung isi padu maksimum gas yang terbebas pada keadaan bilik.
Name the black solid according to IUPAC nomenclature. Calculate the maximum volume of the gas released at room
[1 markah] conditions.
[Jisim atom relatif : Cu = 64; C = 12; O = 16]
2.Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi penguraian [Isi padu molar gas = 24 dm3 mol-1 pada keadaan bilik]
CuCO3 [Relative atomic mass : Cu = 64; C = 12; O = 16]
Write a balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of [Molar volume of gas = 24 dm3 mol-1 at room conditions]
CuCO3.
[1 markah]

Bahagian 4 :Zarah

Latihan 4.1 :
Rajah 1 menunjukkan lengkung pemanasan bagi pepejal Lukiskan susunan zarah pada fasa AB dan CD di dalam kotak yang
asetamida. disediakan.
Diagram 1 shows the heating curve for solid acetamide. Draw the arrangement of particles at the phase AB and CD in the
boxes provided.
Suhu (oC) /Temperature (oC)

T3 D

B C
T2 AB CD
[2 markah]
A
Pada T2, suhu tidak akan meningkat walaupun haba dibekalkan.
T1 Jelaskan mengapa?
Rajah / Diagram 1 Masa (min) At T2, the temperature will not increase even though heat is provided.
Explain why?
a) Apakah takat lebur asetamida?
What is the melting point of acetamide?
[1 markah] [2 markah]

Latihan 4.2
Jadual 2 menunjukkan takat lebur dan takat didih bagi bahan V, Apakah keadaan fizik bahan-bahan V dan X
W, X dan Y. pada keadaan bilik?
Table 2 shows the melting point and boiling point of substances What is the physical state of substances V and
V, W, X and Y. X at room condition?

Bahan Takat lebur (oC) Takah didih (oC) Bahan V : …………………………

Substance Melting point ( C) Boiling point (oC)
o Substance V
V −42 −10 Bahan X : ………………
W 65 110 Substance X
X −8 54 [2 markah]
Y 200 450 Mengapakah takat lebur bahan Y lebih tinggi dari bahan W?
Jadual / Table 2 Why melting point of substance Y is higher than substance W?
a) Nyatakan maksud takat didih?
[2 markah]
State the meaning of boiling point?
[1 markah]

6 | @azemigckimia 22
 Program Cemerlang Kimia SPM
Modul Pengukuhan Konsep Kimia
Soalan 4.3
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan lengkung pemanasan pepejal ii) Nyatakan jenis zarah yang terdapat dalam naftalena, C10H8
naftalena, C10H8. State the type of particle present in naphthalene, C10H8.
Diagram 1.1 shows the heating curve of solid naphthalene, .........................................................................
C10H8. [1 markah]

Suhu 0C b) Terangkan mengapa tiada perubahan suhu dari B ke C

D Explain why there is no change in temperature from B to C
...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................
B C [2 markah]
T1 c) Nyatakan bagaimana pergerakan zarah-zarah naftalena
berubah semasa pemanasan dari C ke D.
State how the movement of naphthalene particles changes
T0 A
from C to D during heating.
0 Masa/ s
.................................................................................................
Rajah / Diagram 1.1 [1 markah]
d) naftalena disejukkan dengan ais. Lakarkan graf bagi penyejukan
(a) i) Namakan proses yang terlibat dalam Rajah 1.1. naftalena
Name the process involved in Diagram 1.1 naphthalene is cooled with ice. Sketch the graph for the cooling of
........................................................................................... naphthalene
[1 markah]

Soalan 4.4
Jadual 2 menunjukkan empat bahan dan formula a) Nyatakan satu bahan yang wujud sebagai molekul.
kimianya. State one substance that exists as a molecule.
Table 2shows four substances and their chemical formula

Substance Chemical formula [1 markah]

Bahan Formula kimia b) Bahan manakah mempunyai takat lebur paling tinggi?
Kuprum(II) karbonat Which substance has the highest melting point?
CuCO3
Copper(II)carbonate
Karbon dioksida
CO2 [1 markah]
Carbon dioxide
Neon Ne c) Leburan naftalena tidak boleh mengalirkan elektrik, tetapi leburan
Naftalena kuprum(II) karbonat boleh mengalirkan elektrik. Terangkan
C10H8 mengapa Molten naphthalene cannot conduct electricity, but molten
Naphthalene
Jadual / Table 2 copper(II) carbonate can conduct electricity. Explain why.
.
Berdasarkan Jadual 2;
Based on Table 2;

[2 markah]

Soalan 4.5 : Melukis susunan atom

Jadual 1 menunjukkan maklumat bagi satu atom berillium

Table 1 shows information for one beryllium atom
Nombor proton 4
Proton number
Nombor nukleon 9
Nucleon nombor
Jadual/ Table 1
Lukis struktur atom bagi atom berilium,Be
Draw the atomic structure of atom berillium,Be

Lukis struktur atom fluorin dan label zarah subatomnya.

Draw the atomic structure of fuorine and label the subatomic particles.
[2 markah]

7 | @azemigckimia 22
 Program Cemerlang Kimia SPM
Modul Pengukuhan Konsep Kimia
Soalan 4.6
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan nombor proton bagi empat unsur.
Table below shows the proton number of four elements
Unsur Natrium,Na Magnesium,Mg Oksigen, O Klorin,Cl
Element Sodium,Na Magnesium,Mg Oxygen, O Chlorine,Cl
Nombor proton 11 12 8 17
Proton number

a) Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi atom natrium b) Lukis susunan elektron bagi ion natrium
Draw the electron aranggement of sodium atom Draw the electron aranggement of sodium ion

 Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi atom klorin  Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi ion oksida
Draw the electron arrangement of chlorine atom Draw the electron arrangement of oxide ion

 Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi atom magnesium  Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi ion klorida
Draw the electron arrangement of magnesium atom Draw the electron arrangement of oxide ion klorida

Soalan 4.7 : Melukis susunan elektron bagi sebatian

1. Lukis susunan elektron bagi sebatian ion yang terbentuk 2. Lukis susunan elektron bagi sebatian ion yang terbentuk di antara
di antara natrium dan klorin. magnesium dan oksigen.
Draw the electron arranggement of the ionic compound Draw the electron arrangement of the ionic compound formed
formed between sodium and chlorine between magnesium and oxygen.
[Nombor proton/ Proton number : Na;11, Cl;17] [Nombor proton/ Proton number : Mg;12, O;8]

Soalan 4.8
1. Lukis susunan elektron bagi sebatian kovalen yang 2. Lukis susunan elektron bagi sebatian kovalen yang terbentuk di
terbentuk di antara karbon dan oksigen antara karbon dan klorin
Draw the electron arranggement of the covalent Draw the electron arranggement of the covalent compound
compound formed between carbon and oxygen. formed between carbon and chlorine
[Nombor proton/ Proton number : C;6, O;8] [Nombor proton/ Proton number ::C;6, Cl;17]

8 | @azemigckimia 22
 Program Cemerlang Kimia SPM
Modul Pengukuhan Konsep Kimia
Soalan 4.9
Jadual 1menunjukkan bilangan proton dan neutron bagi empat atom b) i) Atom-atom yang manakah adalah isotop?
yang berlainan. Which atoms are isotopes?
Table 1 shows the number of protons and neutrons of four different
..........................................................................
atoms.
[1 markah]

Bilangan proton Bilangan neutron

Atom ii) Berikan satu sebab bagi jawapan anda di (e) (i)
Number of protons Number of neutrons Give a reason for your answer in (e) (i).
W 16 17
.................................................................................
X 16 16
.................................................................................
Y 3 4 [2 markah]
Z 19 20 c) Lukis susunan elektron bagi atom Y
Table 1 / Jadual 1 Draw the electron arrangement for atom Y
a) Hitungkan nombor nukleon bagi Z
Calculate the nucleon number of Z

[1markah]

Soalan 4.10:
Jadual 3 menunjukkan formula molekul bagi dua ahli bagi a) Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan formula molekul?
asid karboksilik. What is the meaning of molecular formula?
Table 3 shows the molecular formula for two members of
carboxylic acid [1 markah]
b) Nyatakan nama bagi unsur-unsur yang hadir dalam kedua-dua
Ahli asid karboksilik Asid metanoik Asid etanoik asid.
Member of Methanoic acid Ethanoic acid State the name of the elements presents in both acids.
carboxylic acid
Formula molekul [1 markah]
HCOOH CH3COOH
Molecular formula c) Hitungkan jisim molar bagi asid metanoik
Jadual / Table 3 Calculate the molar mass of methanoic acid
[Jisim atom relatif /Relative atomic mass H = 1 , C = 12 , O = 16]

[1 markah]

Soalan 4.11 :
Rajah 3 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi tindak balas Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu.
antara serbuk magnesium karbonat dengan asid sulfurik. Write the chemical equation for the reaction.
Diagram 3 shows the apparatus set up for the reaction
between magnesium carbonate powder and sulphuric acid.
[2 markah]
Lime water
Sulphuric acid Air kapur Hitung isipadu gas yang terbebas pada keadaan bilik jika 5 cm3asid
Asid sulfurik sulfurik 2.0 mol dm-3bertindak balas dengan serbuk magnesium
karbonat berlebihan.
Calculate the volume of the gas released at room conditions if 5
cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid is reacted with excess
Magnesium carbonate magnesium carbonate powder.
Magnesium karbonat [Isipadu molar gas pada keadaan bilik = 24.0 dm3 mol-1]
[Molar volume of gas at room conditions = 24.0 dm3 mol-1]
Diagram 3 / Rajah 3

[3 markah]
[0.25 dm3]

9 | @azemigckimia 22
 Program Cemerlang Kimia SPM
Modul Pengukuhan Konsep Kimia

Soalan 4.12
Seorang pelajar memanaskan kuprum(II) Nyatakan nama bagi yang berikut:
karbonat dengan kuat. State the name of the following:
Ia terurai mengikut persamaan yang
Bahan tindak balas : ……………………………………….......
ditunjukkan di bawah.
Reactant
A student heats copper(II) carbonate strongly.
It decomposes according to the equation shown Hasil-hasil tindak balas : ………………………………….......
below. Products
[2 markah]
CuCO3(s) → CuO (s) + CO2 (g) Huraikan persamaan kimia tersebut dari aspek kuantitatif.
Describe the chemical equation in terms of quantitative aspect.
CuCO3(p) → CuO (p) + CO2 (g)

[2 markah]

Soalan 4.13
Rajah 11 menunjukkan simbol yang mewakili empat unsur iaitu unsur W, X, Y dan Z.
Diagram 11 shows the chemical symbols which represent four elements W, X, Y and Z.

7 12 14 40
X W Y Z
3 6 6 18

Diagram 11/ Rajah 11

a) Nyatakan bilangan elektron dan neutron dalam atom Z. d) i) Manakah dua unsur adalah isotop?
State the number of electrons and neutrons in atom Z. Which two elements are isotopes?
[2 markah] [1 markah]
b) i) Apakah maksud nombor nukleon. ii) Terangkan mengapa isotop sesuatu unsur mempunyai sifat
What is the meaning of nucleon number? kimia yang sama
[1 markah] Explain why isotopes of an element have the same
chemical properties.
ii) Nyatakan nombor nukleon bagi atom Z [1 markah]
State the nucleon number of atom Z.
[1 markah]
iii) Beri satu kegunaan isotop yang dinyatakan dalam
c) i) Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom X jawapan (d (i).
Write the electron arrangement of atom X. Give one use of the isotope mentioned in (d) (i).
[1 markah
[1 markah]
ii) Lukis struktur atom bagi atom X untuk menunjukkan
kedudukan proton, neutron dan elektron dalam atom.
Draw the atomic structure atom X to show the position of
protons, neutrons and electrons in the atom.
[2 markah]

10 | @azemigckimia 22
 Program Cemerlang Kimia SPM
Modul Pengukuhan Konsep Kimia
Soalan 4.14
Table 4 shows formula of four ions.
Jadual 4 menunjukkan empat ion.

Nama ion Formula of ion

Name of ion Formula ion
Ion Plumbum(II)
Pb2+
Lead(II) ion
Ion natrium
Na+
Sodium ion
Ion sulfat
SO42-
Sulphate ion
Ion nitrat
NO3-
Nitrate ion
Jadual / Table

Use the information in Table 4 to answer the following questions.

Gunakan maklumat dalam Jadual 4 untuk menjawab soalan-soalan berikut.

(a) Apakah nama lain bagi ion bercas positif? : …………………………………………

What is another name for a positively charged ion?
[1 markah]
(b) Tuliskan formula kimia bagi sebatian di bawah :
Write the chemical formula for each compound below:

(i) Sodium sulphate : .................... (ii) Lead(II) nitrate : ....................................

Natrium sulfat Plumbum(II) nitrat
[2 markah]
(c) Hitungkan jisim molar bagi setiap sebatian.
Calculate the molar mass for each compound.
[Jisim atom relatif / Relative atomic mass: N: 14; O: 16; Na: 23; S: 32; Pb: 207]

(ii) Natrium sulfat (ii) Plumbum(II) nitrat

Sodium sulphate Lead(II) nitrate

[2 markah]
d) Di dalam makmal, Shila menambahkan larutan natrium sulfat ke dalam bikar berisi larutan plumbum(II) nitrat.
Mendakan putih, plumbum(II) sulfat dan larutan natrium nitrat terbentuk.
In a laboratory, Shila added sodium sulphate solutioninto a beaker filled with lead(II) nitrate solution.
A white precipitate, lead(II) sulphate and sodium nitrate solution are formed.

(i) Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas yang berlaku.

Write the chemical equation for the reaction.

………………………………………………………
[2 markah]

(ii) Nyatakan maklumat yang diperolehi bagi tindak balas di (c)(ii) dari aspek kualitatif dan kuantitatif.
State information obtained for the reaction in (c)(i) in term of qualitative aspect and quantitative aspect.

Aspek kualitatif / Qualitative aspect /:

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Aspek kuantitatif / Quantitative aspect

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 markah]

11 | @azemigckimia 22
 Program Cemerlang Kimia SPM
Modul Pengukuhan Konsep Kimia
Sebatian Karbon
Carbon Compound

Soalan 1 : Menulis persamaan kimia seimbang

Tindak balas pembakaran
a) Pembakaran etana, C2H6 b) Pembakaran butena
Combustion of ethane Combustion of butene
c) Pembakaran propana d) Pembakaran etanol
Combustion of propana Combustion of ethanol
e) Pembakaran etena f) Pembakaran butanol
Combustion of ethene Combustion of butanol

Tindak balas Pengoksidaan

Oxidation reaction

a) Pengoksidaan etanol b) Pengoksidaan propanol

Oxidation of ethanol Oxidation of propanol

Tindak balas Pengesteran

Esterification reaction

Etanol + asid etanoik

Ethanol + ethanoic acid
Propanol + asid propanoik
Propanol + propanoic acid
Butanol + asid etanoik
Butanol + ethanoic acid

Soalan 2 : Penghitungan tindak balas pembakaran

Persamaan kimia berikut menunjukkan tindak balas pembakaran etanol pada keadaan bilik.
The following chemical equation shows the combustion reaction of cthanol at room condition.

C2H5OH + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O

Jika 4.6 g etanol digunakan, hitung isi padu gas karbon dioksida yang terbebas.
If 4.6 g of ethanol is used, calculate the volume of carbon dioxide gas released.
[Isipadu molar gas pada suhu bilik adalah 24 dm3' mol-3, jisim atom relatif H = 1;C= 12]
[Molar volume of gas at room condition is 24 dm3 mol-3, relative atomic mass: H =1; C=12]
[4.8dm3]

Soalan 3
Propana adalah sebatian hidrokarbon yang terbakar lengkap dalam oksigen berlebihan untuk menghasilkan air dan gas karbon dioksida.
Propane is a hydrocarbon compound which bums completely in excess oxygen to produce water and carbon dioxide gas

(a) Tuliskan persamaan kimia untuk pembakaran lengkap propana.

Write the chemical equation for the complete combustion of propane.
[2 markah]
(b) Diberi 2.2 g propana terbakar lengkap dalam oksigen berlebihan.
Hitungkan isi padu gas karbon dioksida yang terbebas pada keadaan bilik
Given that 2.2 g of propane is burnt completely in excess oxygen.
Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide was released at room condition.
JAR C = 12:H=1 : Isi padu molar gas pada keadaan bilik=24 dm3 mol-1] RAM : C = 12; H = 1; Molar gas at room condition = 24 dm3 mol-1]
[3 markah][J:3.6dm3]

12 | @azemigckimia 22
 Program Cemerlang Kimia SPM
Modul Pengukuhan Konsep Kimia
Soalan 4
Sebatian X adalah suatu hidrokarbon. Formula molekud bagi sebatian ialah C4H8
Compound X is a hydrocarbon. The molecular formula of compound X is C4H8

a) Lukis formula struktur bagi mana mana dua isomer X. Nyatakan nama bagi isomer itu
Draw the structural formulae for any two isomer of X. State the name of the isomers.
[4 markah]

b) Sebatian X terbakar dengan lengkap dalam udara. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu
Hitungkan isipadu karbon dioksida yang terhasil apabila 8.4g X terbakar dengan lengkap.
Compound X is burnt completely in excess oxygen. Write the chemical equation for the reaction.
Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide gas produced when 8.4g of X burnt completely
[JAR H=1, C=12, isipadu molar gas pada keadaan bilik = 24.0 dm3 mol-1]
[RAM H=1, C=12,, Molar volume of gas at room condition = 24.0 dm3 mol-1|
[3 markah][J:44.4dm3]

Soalan 5
Gas karbon dioksida dihasilkan apabila etena terbakar lengkap dalam oksigen. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu.
Hitungkan isi padu karbon dioksida yang terhasil apabila 10.5 g etena terbakar dengan lengkap.
Carbon dioxide gas is produced when ethene is burnt completly in oxygen. Write the chemical equation for the reaction. Calculate the
volume of carbon dioxide gas produced when 10.5 g of ethene is burnt completly.
[JAR/RAM : H,1 ; C,12 ; O,16,
Isi padu molar gas pada keadaan bilik/ Molar volume of gas at room conditions = 24.0 dm3 mol-1]

************ TAMAT MODUL : sharing and excell together chemA+***********

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